世界羊毛生产贸易现状及我国相关对策研究

本文全面综述了世界羊毛主产国羊毛生产和贸易现状,探讨了国际羊毛市场的供求关系,从而提出我国今后羊毛发展及贸易的对策:加强品种选育提高;建立优质细毛羊产业化生产技术体系;加强羊毛产销管理;加大资金投入,搞好宏观调控;高度重视羊毛产品质量安全问题,迅速建立我国的“绿色贸易壁垒”;恢复和发展草原生态平衡,实现羊毛业可持续发展。     

美国的羊毛生产及产业政策

随着美国农业生产结构的变化和羊毛收益的降低,羊毛产业在美国农业中的地位日趋下降。为抑制这一趋势,使羊毛产业持续、健康发展,美国政府陆续出台了多项产业政策。本文在描述美国1976—2011年羊毛生产状况和贸易状况的基础上,详尽阐释其在不同时期支持羊毛产业发展的主要政策和措施,为我国制定羊毛产业发展政策提供参考和借鉴。     

加入WTO--黑龙江省毛、绒、皮产业面临的机遇、挑战与应对措施

面对入世带来的机遇与挑战 ,对毛、绒、皮国内外市场、生产与贸易情况及竞争力进行分析 ,并提出应对措施。1　生产与贸易现状1.1　羊毛我国是羊毛生产大国之一 ,在世界排名第三 ,生产羊毛 (洗净毛 ) 1.5 5亿ｋｇ。主要产区为新疆、内蒙、宁夏、甘肃等牧区。其总产量中有 4 0 %的细羊毛 ,2 1%的中细羊毛和 39%的粗羊毛 ,虽然我国是一个羊毛生产大国 ,但总体水平不能自给 ,目前已成为世界上头号进口羊毛大国。我国每年毛纺、轻工等行业需羊毛 (折净毛 )约 2 5～ 36万ｔ;其中国产羊毛仅能满足毛纺工业用的 1/ 3,其余 2 / 3羊毛依赖进口。 2 0 0…     

优质细羊毛生产技术

我国已成为世界毛纺工业大国,但在相当程度上依赖外毛和外汇支撑。毛纺工业的进步时刻受制于羊毛质量的影响,也就是说没有我国自己的优质羊毛生产就难于维持我国毛纺工业稳定的发展。所以发展我国自己的优质羊毛生产的唯一出路就是建立符合我国国情的现代化优质羊毛生产技术体系。     

羊毛的生产、进口及其存在的问题

阐述了我国羊毛不同发展阶段的生产特点,并将我国羊毛生产的发展分为缓慢直线增长和曲线增长2个阶段,对不同发展阶段羊毛的产量变化和绵羊生产布局特点进行了分析.另对我国羊毛进口量的变化进行了分析,并提出了今后我国羊毛生产的发展方向.同时对我国羊毛的市场供求进行了探讨.     

我国优质羊毛生产技术体系的基本构型

本文通过对羊毛产业结构和制约我国羊毛生产发展的因素分析,提出了符合我国国情的现代化优质羊毛生产技术体系：①高度良种化的澳美型细毛羊生产体系;②放牧绵羊的营养调控和寄生蠕虫防治体系;③绵羊被毛物理保护技术;④先进的羊毛生产科学研究目标体系;⑤羊毛现代管理技术体系。     

广西蚕桑产业链现状及发展对策研究

叙述了蚕桑生产、茧丝绸加工业、蚕桑资源综合利用和茧丝贸易的现状;分析了广西蚕桑产业链发展存在资金投入少、蚕业专业人才匮乏、产业化程度低、茧丝绸加工业滞后、综合利用规模化程度低和蚕茧收购体制不健全等问题;提出了加快科技创新、加强生产基地建设、完善良种繁育体系建设、加强人才培养、发展龙头企业和蚕农合作组织、加快加工业发展、发展资源综合利用、加强蚕茧收购管理、建立和完善茧丝绸市场流通贸易体系等发展广西蚕桑产业链的对策。     

蒙古国山羊绒、羊毛生产及中蒙贸易

本文对蒙古国近13年的绒山羊生产、加工、贸易统计数据以及畜牧业分布布局进行了分析,重点研究了蒙古国山羊绒、羊毛生产、蒙古国与内蒙古边境贸易的商品、规模、速度及发展特点,阐明中蒙绒山羊主要生产区域、加工点、竞争产品价格以及贸易国家和消费群体、消费倾向的基本规律,分析表明蒙古国有着巨大的畜产品市场潜力可供应中国庞大的优质畜产品的消费市场。与此同时,中国有较为发达的纺织业、畜产品加工产业、初级畜产品和要素市场需求。这将进一步推进中蒙两国在畜产品如山羊绒、羊毛、牛羊肉等的贸易。     

内蒙古羊毛市场亟待推行第三方公证检验制度

作为我国羊毛生产主要省区的内蒙古亟待在羊毛市场推行第三方公证检验制度,建立完善的羊毛市场准入制度,提高羊毛质量,提高农牧民销售收入。     

我国羊毛生产与重返关贸总协定之对策研究

本文回顾了我国羊毛生产的发展成就及其对我国外贸创汇和毛纺工业发展的历史贡献，分析了现阶段国毛生产面对国内外市场和重返关贸总协定挑战所存在的问题，并在此基础上提出了振兴我国羊毛生产和赢得“复关”挑战的若干对策建议。．     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。