RAPD技术在羊遗传育种中的应用

综述了RAPD的原理、特点,及其在绵羊和山羊遗传育种中的应用。并讨论了RAPD标记的缺点及其完善方法,最后预测了RAPD在绵羊和山羊遗传育种中的应用前景。     

绵羊、山羊、岩羊和非洲羚羊RAPD的研究

作者用39个10碱基随机引物对绵羊、山羊、岩羊和非洲羚羊4个物种的池DNA进行了RAPD分析，共检出347条清晰条带，309条表现多态性，多态频率为89．05％。种属间的遗传距离指数和分子聚类关系表明，山羊和绵羊遗传亲缘关系最近，非洲羚羊表现出与山羊特别与绵羊较近的遗传亲缘关系，而岩羊则表现出与绵羊特别与山羊较远的遗传亲缘关系。     

反刍家畜主组织相容复合物的研究进展

MHC是由紧密连锁的高度多态的基因座位所组成的染色体上的一个遗传区域 ,由于在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用并与抗病性能密切相关 ,因此近年来成为家畜抗病育种研究中最为活跃的部分。本文综述了牛、绵羊和山羊MHC的结构、特点及其与抗病性状之间的关系 ,同时讨论了MHC在家畜育种中的应用前景。     

AFLP分子标记在山羊遗传育种中的应用

山羊是一种适应性强、分布广,且品种资源十分丰富的家畜.目前全世界共有山羊7亿多只,其中中国1.43亿只,是世界上饲养山羊最多的国家.而对山羊的起源和遗传多样性的研究众说不一,因此运用现代分子生物学手段进一步研究山羊的起源与进化,对现今山羊的生产、育种、品种资源保护和利用可提供重要的理论依据.AFLP是RFLP与RAPD相结合的一种分子标记技术,既具有RFLP标记的专一性、可靠性,又具有RAPD标记的随机性、方便性等优点,可应用于山羊的遗传育种研究中.     

RAPD技术在家蚕遗传育种上的应用

介绍了RAPD技术,阐述了RAPD技术在家蚕遗传育种中的应用情况及发展前景。     

RAPD技术在蔬菜育种上的应用

综述RAPD技术的多态性检测原理及其在蔬菜遗传育种上的应用,并对其应用前景进行预测.     

家禽RAPD技术的研究进展

随机扩增多态性(RAPD)技术是一种分子遗传技术,国内外运用此技术进行家禽遗传育种研究,取得了一定意义的进展.从家禽RAPD技术的一般原理、简要步骤、特点、目前存在的问题进行综述,旨在阐明RAPD技术在家禽的遗传育种中具有广阔的应用前景和价值.     

分子遗传标记在动物育种中的应用研究

随着分子遗传新技术的出现,分子遗传标记也随之迅速发展,从而带动整个现代遗传学的发展.本文系统地论述了RFLP、RAPD、微卫星DNA、AFLP和SNP等分于遗传标记的研究概况及其在动物育种中的应用,并针对目前的研究现状及存在的问题探讨了分子遗传标记在将来发展的前景与趋势.     

绵羊血液蛋白多态性及其在遗传育种的应用

文章全面综述了绵羊血液蛋白多态性及其在遗传育种中的应用 ,认为绵羊的血液蛋白普遍存在多态现象。并可用于家畜的品种分类、辅助标记选择以及群体遗传变异和亲缘关系的研究和分析。     

RAPD技术及其在动物遗传育种中的应用及前景

本文介绍了RAPD技术的原理、优、缺点，对此技术在动物遗传育种中的应用包括在构建遗传连锁图谱、 基因定位、标记辅助选择、品种（系）的鉴定及其亲缘关系的分析等研究领域中的应用作一概述和展望。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。