副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌双重荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立与应用

建立一种基于TaqMan探针法同步定量检测副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的双重荧光定量PCR方法。根据副溶血弧菌toxR基因和霍乱弧菌ompW基因设计特异性引物与TaqMan探针。toxR和ompW探针5'端分别标记FAM、CY5荧光报告基团,3'端均标记BHQ1荧光淬灭基团。结果显示:该方法的副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌最低检测限均达到10 CFU/m L,灵敏度高;特异性试验表明这两种细菌与其他病原菌(大肠杆菌O157、沙门氏菌、拟态弧菌、创伤弧菌)无交叉反应;批间和批内重复性实验表明变异系数均小于1.5%,说明重复性好。采用人工染菌虾肉样品,副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的最低检测限分别为100 CFU/m L和50 CFU/m L,人工染菌贝类样品的最低检测限分别为50 CFU/m L和50 CFU/m L。两种细菌在虾肉中富集2 h后的最低检出限均为1 CFU/m L。结论:本研究所建立的双重荧光PCR检测方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强和重复性好的特点,包括DNA提取的整个检测过程可在1至3 h内完成,是同时快速检测副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的有效手段。     

The detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus using modified culture media

Studies have been completed for the detection of Vibrio(V.) parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus in Baltic Sea fish. The author had prepared for that purpose a liquid culturing medium and a solid substrate. The percentage of positive findings is remarkable. The results so far recorded should be a good reason for further studies.     

牛奶中土霉素对青海弧菌和费氏弧菌的毒性作用测定

本文通过应用费氏弧菌和青海弧菌,探究了牛奶中土霉素对这两种发光细菌的毒性抑制作用规律。牛奶中,一定浓度下,土霉素对青海弧菌生物发光的抑制率随作用时间呈对数趋势增加,在0.45mg/L作用下,该关系方程为y=0.3007ln（x）-0.1940,R2=0.9934;作用5min时,土霉素抑制率随着浓度变化的规律呈直线关系,之后呈对数关系,E50值在5min时为0.75mg/L,30min时降低至0.12mg/L;土霉素对费氏弧菌生物发光的抑制率随作用时间呈对数趋势增加,在0.55mg/L作用下,y=0.2742ln（x）-0.0942,R2=0.9961;其抑制率随着浓度变化的规律在5min呈指数关系,之后呈对数关系,在作用10min时,y=0.5524ln（x）＋0.9045,R2=0.9949,E50值在5min时为0.75mg/L,40min时降低至0.09mg/L。     

副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌双重PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为建立同时快速检测海产品中的副溶血弧菌(VP)和溶藻弧菌(VA)的双重PCR方法,本研究根据VP和VA的toxR基因序列设计针对这两种细菌的两对特异性引物,建立能够快速同时检测这两种细菌的双重PCR方法,并对该反应体系的特异性和灵敏度进行检测。结果显示纯培养细菌VP和VA的检测灵敏度分别为2.32×103cfu/mL和2.56×103cfu/mL,临床病料检测灵敏度分别为2 cfu和3 cfu;与枸橼酸杆菌、沙门氏菌、美人鱼弧菌、霍乱弧菌、麦氏弧菌无交叉反应。研究表明本实验方法操作简便快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性好,并且经济实惠,值得推广应用。     

副溶血性弧菌分离鉴定

利用TCBS琼脂培养基和科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基对细菌进行分离,采用糖分解试验、氧化酶试验、IMVi试验等生化试验鉴定海产品中副溶血性弧菌,为防治疾病提供依据。     

Vibriosis: Demonstration of Vibrio fetus and Vibrio bubulus Organisms in Preputial Fluid by Immunofluorescence and Cultural Techniques

Fluorescent conjugates were prepared from the sera of calves immunized with four Vibrio fetus strains and one Vibrio bubulus strain. The fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) was then used to detect vibrio organisms in preputial fluid collected from 67 bulls belonging to a Canadian artificial insemination (AI) unit. The V. fetus conjugates reacted with both V. fetus var venerealis and V. fetus var intestinalis. V. fetus was found in 20 animals (29.9%), 13 of which also harboured V. bubulus. In two cases, the FAT failed to detect V. fetus which was isolated by concurrent bacteriological examinations.

It was concluded that the FAT can be a rapid method of detecting some carrier bulls but more reliable results are obtained when a combination of FAT and bacteriological methods is employed. It was found that a single sample giving negative results is inconclusive and additional tests are required before making a final diagnosis. The FAT can also be used to differentiate V. fetus isolates from V. bubulus.

     

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus and atypical Vibrio from surface water of the Baltic Sea in Germany

From 1995 to 1997 several defined species like V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. cholerae (non O1 and non O139), V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were isolated during a survey to determine the presence of V. vulnificus in the brackish water of the Baltic Sea in Germany. Moreover atypical Vibrio isolates were detected. Four isolates belonging to a group of atypical Vibrio and possibly representing a new species in the genus Vibrio were characterized in detail. All four strains were isolated from surface costal waters. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis they showed the highest relatedness to the species V. navarrensis and V. vulnificus. The strains did not harbor the species specific hemolysin gene vvhA from V. vulnificus as shown by PCR and hybridization experiments. Moreover, they differed in at least two biochemical parameters tested from the hitherto described Vibrio species. All these strains induced hemolysis on washed blood agar dishes and showed phase variations on Luria Bertani agar dishes. Because of the similarity to the eel pathogen V. vulnificus, we infected eels with one of the four atypical strains (CH-291), but no pathogenicity for eels could be detected. Furthermore, Vero cell tests with supernatants of bacterial cultures did not reveal secreted Vero cell cytotoxic compounds. This indicates a nonpathogenic nature of these strains.     

创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌双重LAMP检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌的双重环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)检测方法,本试验以创伤弧菌metalloprotease基因和副溶血弧菌ompA基因为靶点设计LAMP扩增引物,并在内引物间添加不同的酶切位点,通过对反应时间和温度的优化及酶切反应,成功建立了双重LAMP检测方法,并对其检测特异性、灵敏度和实际应用性进行了研究。结果显示,62℃反应45min时可同时检测到2种弧菌的存在,通过限制性内切酶酶切,可准确区分2种弧菌。该方法比普通PCR检测方法灵敏度高102~103倍。选择17株细菌菌株作为检测模板,发现除创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌反应结果呈阳性外,其他均为阴性。以大菱鲆作为实验动物,检测双重LAMP技术的实际应用可能,该方法可准确检测并鉴定出组织和血液中感染的细菌种类,其灵敏度可达374~410CFU/g(mL)。SYBR GreenⅠ是一种结合于DNA双链小沟中的荧光染料,反应产物加入该染料后,极易用肉眼判别。本试验成功建立了创伤弧菌和副溶血弧菌的双重LAMP检测方法,该方法可用于水产养殖中病原菌的早期诊断。     

副溶血弧菌基因分型和检测的研究进展

副溶血弧菌（Vibrio Parabaemolyticus，VP）是一种革兰氏阴性嗜盐杆菌，是引起食源性疾病的重要病原之一，可导致患者腹泻、肠痉挛、恶心、呕吐、发烧等典型胃肠炎反应。1998年以来的资料显示，副溶血弧菌引发的食物中毒的发生规模及人群暴露规模呈明显上升趋势，均已超过沙门氏菌食物中毒，跃居首位。为了便于进行临床诊断、流行病学调查、食品中微生物检测及医院感染监控，微生物的分型与诊断技术是必不可少的工具。随着分子生物学技术的发展，基因分型与诊断方法以其敏感性高、特异性强、分型率和分辨率佳的优点，逐渐取代传统的表型分型技术，在微生物的分型与诊断中发挥巨大的作用。本文就近年来国内外在副溶血弧菌的基因分型与检测方法上的研究作一综述。     

致病性哈氏弧菌生物学及分子特征

从2尾病死的观赏用长鳍真鲨中分离到大量优势生长的细菌,致病性试验表明该菌对牙鲆及大菱鲆均有较强的致病性.在对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性、胞外酶及溶血素活性等生物学性状检验的同时,使用API-ID32E对分离菌做了进一步鉴定;同时,测定了该菌的16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列,分析了与相关细菌16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列的同源性,构建了系统发生树,比较了2种基因在相似细菌的检测和鉴别能力,结果gyrB基因用于细菌种间鉴定更具优越性.根据分离菌的表型特征及分子特征,判定分离菌为弧菌属(Vibrio Pacini 1854)的哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi Johnson and Shunk 1936).胞外酶及溶血活性检测表明,分离菌均能产生淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、DNA酶和卵磷脂酶,在含7%家兔脱纤血液营养琼脂培养基上呈β型溶血.以哈氏弧菌溶血素基因的保守区段设计的特异性引物,能够扩增出特异性片段.