改性花生壳处理废水中Cr^6＋的实验研究

简述了农林废弃物处理废水中重金属离子的研究现状,实验研究了改性花生壳对废水中Cr6 的去除效果,并探讨了溶液的pH值、Cr6 初始浓度、吸附时间、温度及改性花生壳用量等因素对Cr6 吸附效果的影响.结果表明,改性花生壳对Cr6 有很好的吸附作用,在温度33℃,改性花生壳用量1.0 g,20 mg·L-1的Cr6 溶液50 mL,溶液的pH值2.0,振荡吸附120 min的条件下,Cr6 的吸附去除率达到了98.4%.     

改性花生壳吸附废水中NH4+-N的研究

采用溶媒法,以花生壳为原料、氯乙酸为改性剂制备了羧甲基化改性花生壳吸附剂,研究了其对废水中NH4+-N的去除效果,探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH值、改性花生壳用量、温度等因素对NH4+-N吸附效果的影响。结果表明,20g花生壳粉末在200mL 10%NaOH溶液中碱化2h后,和8g氯乙酸在500mL 90%酒精溶液中,恒温水浴45℃搅拌反应2h,水洗干燥后得到羧甲基化改性花生壳粉末,用此改性的花生壳处理50mg/L NH4+-N溶液的最佳条件为:在羧甲基化改性花生壳加入量10g/L,温度25℃,吸附时间1h,pH值8.0的条件下,花生壳对浓度为50mg/L的氨氮模拟废水的去除率可达72.1%。     

甲醛改性茶叶渣对废水中Cr6+的吸附研究

采用甲醛改性茶叶渣制成吸附剂,研究其对废水中Cr~(6+)的吸附性能。考察了Cr~(6+)初始浓度、溶液p H值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度等5个因素对吸附率的影响,并分析了改性茶叶渣吸附Cr~(6+)的吸附动力学特征。结果表明:Cr~(6+)初始浓度为60 mg/L、溶液pH为2、吸附剂用量为0.6 g、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25℃时,改性茶叶渣对Cr~(6+)的吸附率可达94.0%。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数达到0.9956,以化学吸附为主。     

改性绿茶去除水中碱性品红的研究

以改性绿茶为吸附材料,探索了改性剂、改性剂浓度、染料的初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对改性绿茶吸附碱性品红,的影响,确定了改性绿茶最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,绿茶经改性剂改性选出最佳改性剂为环氧氯丙烷,最佳改性剂浓度为0.015 mol·L~(-1),碱性品红初始质量浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)时吸附量最大,最佳吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间240 min为最好,最大吸附量为53.6 mg·g~(-1)。在描述改性绿茶对碱性品红吸附的动力学行为上,准一级动力学曲线更好;在等温吸附方面,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附行为非常符合Langmuir模型,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附为单分子层吸附。     

茶叶处理含氟废水的研究

用改性剂对茶叶进行改性,用于处理含氟废水,探讨了改性剂浓度、pH值和改性茶叶投加量对除氟效率的影响,绘制了吸附等温线。实验结果表明,0.3mol/L的FeCl3溶液对茶叶的改性效果最佳。对于100mL含氟浓度为100.0mg/L的溶液,改性茶叶除氟的最佳pH为6.0,最佳投加量为1.3g。改性后的茶叶对氟的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附公式,饱和吸附容量为15.75mg/g。     

两种典型麻类生物炭对水体中镉离子的吸附性能研究

研究以苎麻和红麻茎、叶、皮3个部位为原材料制备生物炭,通过静态批次吸附试验,探究投加量、初始溶液pH、初始溶液Cd²⁺浓度、反应时间、再生处理对6种生物炭吸附水中Cd²⁺性能的影响,同时拟合动力学方程及等温吸附模型,并采用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱对6种生物炭进行表征分析,研究其吸附机理。结果表明,6种材料中,苎麻叶生物炭对水中Cd²⁺的吸附效果最好,最大吸附量达到了133.05 mg/g。6种生物炭对水中Cd²⁺的去除率受投加量影响较大,苎麻茎生物炭受溶液初始pH影响较大。6种生物炭对Cd²⁺脱附再生再吸附一次都能保持较好吸附效果,其中苎麻叶生物炭效果最佳。6种吸附材料都能较好地拟合Langmuir理论模型和准二级动力学方程。生物炭对Cd的吸附机理主要为羟基化表面(-OH)或其去质子化(-O^-)络合反应及静电作用。6种生物炭材料均是较好的吸附材料,其中苎麻叶材料的吸附潜力最为突出。     

废弃茶叶渣对废水中铅（Ⅱ）和镉（Ⅱ）的吸附研究

采用单因素实验方法对离子初始浓度、吸附时间及pH值3因素分别进行了实验。结果表明,茶叶渣对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附率、吸附量随着时间的延长均增高,最后分别达到72．13％、3．56mg／g和93．75％、4．71mg／g;随着Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋初始浓度的增加, 吸附量均呈上升趋势,     

废弃茶叶渣对铅离子的吸附研究

采用普通室内吸附实验,考察了铅离子原始浓度、加入茶渣量、废水的温度、pH及浸泡时间等对茶渣吸附铅离子能力的影响。在研究废水的pH、温度和浸泡时间这3个影响因素时,采用了正交实验法。结果表明,当废水的pH为2、温度为60℃、浸泡时间为3h时,茶叶渣对铅离子的吸附效果最佳;废水的pH对吸附效果的影响最大,浸泡时间次之,温度的影响最小。     

花生壳活性炭处理染料废水研究

利用微波法制备花生壳活性炭,其平均粒径约为50μm,在高温作用下,C和O结合生成CO2释放出去,造成活性炭内部具有大量的孔隙。对甲基紫、溴钾酚绿、碱性品红三种染料溶液进行吸附实验,结果发现：吸附饱和时间为120min,活性炭投加量应保持在0．2g／150mL以下,50℃时吸附效果较好,将溶液稀释1倍后吸附效果增强。花生壳活性炭更适合溴钾酚绿吸附,其反应速率常数在80min内保持较大的数值,三种染料溶液吸附量与吸附时间之间呈正相关。     

重金属吸附剂巯基化花生壳制备条件的优化

以花生壳(PS)为原材料、L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)为改性剂、碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl)与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)分别为催化剂与活化剂，通过酰胺化反应将重金属离子的强配位基团-SH引入花生壳，制备出重金属吸附剂—巯基化花生壳(CPS)。以CPS对水样中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除性能为评价指标，采用单因素试验、正交试验及响应面试验逐步优化CPS的制备条件。结果表明，反应体系pH值是影响CPS吸附除Pb(Ⅱ)性能的主要因素，PS和L-Cys的质量比次之，时间影响最小；最佳改性条件为m(PS)∶m(L-Cys)=1∶3.70,温度为66.1℃,pH为11.7,反应时间为4 h,此条件下制得的CPS对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量可达11.95 mg/g。     

Tobacco stems as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater: Equilibrium and kinetic studies

Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto tobacco stems has been investigated to evaluate the effects of initial lead ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of Pb(II) systematically. The optimal pH value for Pb(II) adsorption onto the tobacco stems was found to be 5.0. The removal of lead ions for concentrations 10, 30 and 50 mg L⁻¹ using 0.8 g adsorbent at contact time of 120 min and at temperature of 299 K were 94.37%, 92.10% and 90.43%, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), and standard entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated by applying the Van’t Hoff equation, which describes the dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature. The thermodynamics of Pb(II) adsorption onto the tobacco stems indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures and the equilibrium data were found to fit Freundlich isotherm equation better than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was analyzed using pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.     

Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Cellulose/Chitosan Composite: Equilibrium,Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

A novel eco-friendly porous adsorbent of cellulose (CE)/chitosan (CS) aerogel was prepared through sol-gel process and freeze-drying to remove Congo Red (CR). A series of aerogels were prepared by adjusting the mass ratios of CE and CS. Composite aerogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM images showed that it was possible to change the structure of the aerogel by adjusting the amount of chitosan. The effects of dosage of chitosan, initial pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration on adsorption capacities for CR were studied in detail. Batch adsorption studies showed that aerogel exhibited maximum removal efficiency to CR at a composite ratio of 1:3 and dosage of 2.5 g/l. CE/CS aerogel had excellent adsorption capacities for CR at a pH range of 3-11, which indicated stability of the aerogel in both acidic and alkaline conditions. CR adsorption on the composite aerogel fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of this material for CR was 381.7 mg/g at pH 7.0 at 303 K for 24 h. The adsorption mechanism included electrostatic and chemical interactions. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of CE/CS aerogels was higher than the other chitosan composites adsorbents.     

甘蔗皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附特性研究

为使甘蔗皮得到资源化利用,本研究采用慢速热解技术于400、500、600℃条件下制备生物炭吸附剂(BC400、BC500、BC600),以去除废水中的苯酚。吸附试验结果表明,废水中苯酚的初始浓度、生物炭的制备温度、吸附温度和时间等因素均能影响甘蔗皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附效果。3种温度制备的生物炭对苯酚的吸附能力表现为BC600>BC500>BC400。35℃下苯酚初始浓度为50 mg/L,生物炭BC600吸附300 min后苯酚的去除率可高达96%,生物炭对苯酚的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式和Freundlich模式。      

Cellulose-based porous adsorbents with high capacity for methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solutions

A novel cellulose-based porous adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) was prepared by free radical polymerization methods. The obtained polymer grafting rate and dye removal efficiency are as high as 338.64 % and 97.74 %, respectively, when the dosage of monomer is 4.5 g, the polymerization condition is 3 h at 70 °C. The cellulose-based adsorbent showed high mechanical properties and good flexibility. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of this material for methylene blue was 1734.816 mg g-1 at pH 9.0 at 313 K, which is higher than the values observed for other adsorbents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-based adsorbent exhibits a typical well-defined porous and interconnected three-dimensional framework structure, which is benefits to dye adsorption. The adsorption kinetics (pseudo first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models) was also studied, and the pseudo-second-order model fitted MB adsorption better than the pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion models at different initial dye concentrations (500-3000 mg l ^-1). The novel polyacrylic acid-grafted quaternized cellulose (PAA-g-QC) adsorbent is thus potentially useful for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.     

Adsorption Kinetics of Acid Red on Activated Carbon Web Prepared from Acrylic Fibrous Waste

In this work, activated carbon (AC) web was prepared using physical activation under the layer of charcoal in high temperature furnace. The carbonization of acrylic fibrous waste was performed at different temperatures (800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C) with heating rate of 300 °C/h and at different holding time. At 1200 °C, the heating rate of 300 °C/h and no holding time provided better results of surface area as compared to carbonization at 800 °C and 1000 °C. The activated carbon web (AC) prepared at 1200 °C was used for removal of Acid Red 27 dye from aqueous media by varying different parameters like initial concentration of dye, stirring speed, adsorbent dosage, and pH. The results were evaluated using non-linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm was found to describe the results more effectively because of non-homogenous surface of activated carbon web. Further, the kinetics of adsorption was examined using linear and nonlinear forms of pseudo 1st order and pseudo 2nd order.     

花生壳活性炭处理含铜离子废水

利用微波法制备花生壳活性炭吸附铜离子,扫描电镜发现活性炭表面出现许多细条纹,有大量微孔,平均粒径为50μm。活性炭中O与C结合,以CO2的形式释放出去,从而使其他元素的含量相对上升,其中以K元素含量上升最为明显。30℃时吸附量最高,在60min内达到单分子层吸附饱和,90min后开始多分子层吸附。在同等条件下,活性炭对...     

Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of ternary system dye removal using a biopolymer

In this paper, dye removal ability of sodium alginate (SA) as a biopolymer from ternary systems was investigated. Physical characteristics of SA were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three textile basic dyes were used as model compounds. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were studied. The effect of SA dosage, initial dye concentration and pH on dye removal was elucidated. It was found that adsorption kinetics of dyes followed with pseudo-second order kinetics. In addition, dyes followed with Langmuir, and extended Langmuir isotherm in single and ternary systems, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the dye adsorption onto SA was a spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption reaction. Based on the data of present investigation, one could conclude that the alginate being a biocompatible, eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent might be a suitable alternative for elimination of dyes from colored aqueous solutions.     

Sorption properties of iron impregnated activated carbon web for removal of methylene blue from aqueous media

In this study, impregnation of iron chloride was carried out on needle punched web of waste acrylic fibers, which was subsequently carbonized under layer of charcoal by physical activation in high temperature furnace to produce iron impregnated activated carbon (FeAC). For comparison purpose, one more sample of activated carbon (AC) was prepared without impregnation of iron chloride. Both the webs were carbonized at 1200 °C with no holding time, and characterization of BET surface area, SEM morphology, EDX elemental analysis, XRD crystalline structure was performed. The FeAC web was used as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The dye removal percentage was investigated at different experimental parameters like different dye concentrations, adsorbent dosage, stirring speed and different pH. The obtained results were analyzed using linear and non-linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and adsorption kinetics (i.e. pseudo first order and pseudo second order model).