奶牛产前补硒和维生素E预防胎衣不下的试验

在缺硒地区，对98头荷斯坦奶牛进行了产前补硒和VE预防胎衣不下的对比试验。结果表明：产前30天补硒和VE的试验组，奶牛胎衣不下发病率8.3%，未补硒和VE的对照组，奶牛胎衣不下发病率18.4%。试验组比对照降低发病率10.1个百分点，差异显著（P＜0.05)。     

干乳期补钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E对预防奶牛产后疾病和提高受胎率的效果

奶牛产后瘫痪、胎衣不下及产后泛情不排卵等是影响奶牛正常生产和繁殖性能的重要因素。近年来,为了预防和降低成年奶牛产后瘫痪、胎衣不下的发病率,进一步提高母牛的受胎率,我们于1999年3～7月间,在本市奶牛生产基地高官寨镇,对奶牛专业村农户饲养的成年奶牛,采取了干乳期补钙、亚硒酸钠维生素E的措施,对预防奶牛产后瘫痪、胎衣不下等病及提高奶牛受胎率均取得了明显效果,现将试验情况总结如下。     

硒和维生素E对预防奶牛胎衣不下的效果观察

奶牛胎衣不下又叫胎衣滞留 ,是指母牛在分娩后的一定时间内 ,胎衣不能自行脱落而滞留于子宫内。胎衣不下是奶牛较常见的疾病之一 ,发生胎衣不下的牛若治疗不当往往容易引起子宫内膜炎 ,导致产后发情时间延迟 ,配种次数增加 ,乃至发生不孕症而被迫淘汰 ,极大地影响繁殖率的提高和造成较大的经济损失。在南方的奶牛场中 ,由于受到炎热气候、饲料品种单调 (特别是维生素的缺乏 )等因素的影响 ,胎衣不下的发生率相当高。据不完全统计 ,我场奶牛胎衣不下发生率 1 995年为 3 1 7% ,1 996年 2 9 2 % ,1 997年 3 3 5 % ,一直是困扰我场奶业进一…     

奶牛硒和维生素E营养状况与围产期健康的关系

围产期是奶牛生产疾病的高发期,分娩与开始泌乳对奶牛造成巨大的代谢应激,导致用于维持免疫系统功能的营养物质缺乏,使动物处于氧化应激状态,机体表现免疫抑制。硒和维生素E均参与机体的抗氧化防御系统,它们之间具有协同作用,在抗氧化,提高机体的免疫反应,降低围产期乳房炎、胎衣不下等疾病的发生方面发挥重要作用。本文对奶牛硒和维生素E营养状况与围产期健康的关系进行了综述。     

维生素E和硒对奶牛乳房炎和乳质的影响

维生素E和硒作为抗氧化剂都是机体必须的微量营养素,它们与β-胡萝卜素、维生素C、铜、锌一样,具有降低组织、细胞活性氧(ROS)水平,防止脂质过氧化的作用。 地球上有许多地方属于硒缺乏土壤。在这些土壤上生长     

补饲硒 维生素E对奶牛激素水平的影响

为进一步研究硒、维生素E对奶牛繁殖性能的影响,在某奶牛场选择临床健康、年龄、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛50头。随机分为对照组、试验A组和试验B组,对试验A组补饲维生素E,试验B组补饲亚硒酸钠维生素E,每5 d采血1次,用高效液相色谱法测定血清中的雌三醇、4-壬基酚、17α-乙烃基雌二醇、17α-雌二醇、17β-雌二醇、双酚A的含量。结果显示,补饲维生素E、亚硒酸钠维生素E后血液中雌三醇、4-壬基酚、17α-雌二醇、17β-雌二醇、双酚A的含量均有所增加,补亚硒酸钠维生素E后各激素含量的变化明显优于补饲维生素E的变化。     

奶牛产前补硒和维生素E预防胎衣不下试验

在缺硒地区 ,对 98头荷斯坦奶牛进行了产前补硒和VE预防胎衣不下的对比试验。结果表明 ,产前 3 0天补硒和VE的试验组 ,奶牛胎衣不下发病率为 8.3 % ,未补硒和VE的对照组 ,奶牛胎衣不下发病率为 18.4%。试验组比对照组降低发病率 10 .1个百分点 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

维生素A和维生素E在奶牛围产期饲养中的应用

<正>1维生素A1.1维生素A与奶牛健康维生素A不仅是维持一切上皮组织健全所必需的物质,在机体的免疫功能及抵抗疾病的非特异性反应方面也有着重要的作用。研究表明:在维生素A促进T细胞活化和增殖的过程中,细胞因子起着重要的作用。     

维生素E富硒舔砖对泌乳期奶牛生产性能及乳房炎的影响

本试验研究了V_E富硒舔砖对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能及乳房炎发生的影响。选择胎次、泌乳阶段、产奶量相似的奶牛100头,随机分成试验组和对照组。在保持原有饲养管理和日粮水平不变的情况下,试验组自由舔饲舔砖,试验期90d。结果表明:试验组产奶量提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);乳脂率、乳蛋白率没有显著变化;牛奶中V_E的含量(P<0.05)和硒的含量增加;血液中V_E(P<0.01)和Se的含量(P<0.051)增加,乳中体细胞数(P<0.05)和乳房炎发病率(P<0.05)降低。     

丙二醇对围产期奶牛日粮养分消化率的影响

选用24头体重(683.1±14.9)kg、胎次(2.5±0.2)、上一泌乳期305 d,产奶量(7 339±18)kg和预产期(24.5±0.2)d的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,从分娩前19 d到分娩后36 d分别在基础日粮中添加丙二醇0、150、300和450 ml/d,研究丙二醇对围产期奶牛采食量和日粮养分消化率的影响,结果表明:奶牛分娩后7、21和35 d干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量显著高于分娩前(-21 d和-14 d),分娩后35 d各养分采食量显著高于分娩后7 d(P<0.05)。从分娩前14 d到分娩后35 d各组奶牛DM、OM和CP消化率呈先降低后升高的趋势,但差异均不显著;而分娩后7、21和35 d日粮NDF和ADF消化率显著低于分娩前(-21 d和-14d)(P<0.05)。日粮添加不同水平的丙二醇对围产期奶牛各养分采食量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加丙二醇300 ml/d和450 ml/d,显著提高分娩前14 d和分娩后7、21和35 d DM、NDF和ADF消化率,显著提高分娩后7、21和35 d OM消化率,显著提高分娩后7和21 d CP消化率(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明在日粮中添加丙二醇有益于改善围产期奶牛日粮消化率,适宜添加量为300 ml/d。     

Effects of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on blood lipid peroxidation and cortisol concentration in dairy cows undergoing omentopexy

Twenty dairy cows with left abomasal displacement were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium treatment on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and blood cortisol in dairy cows stressed by omentopexy. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. Ten hours before surgery 6 g of DL‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (6 mg/kg) and 67 mg of natrium selenite (0.1 mg/kg) in volume of 40 ml (Vitaselen^®) were administered subcutaneously to 10 cows; the control animals (n = 10) received an equivalent volume of injectable water (40 ml). The injection of vitamin E and selenium produced a rapid rise (p < .05) in blood α‐tocopherol and selenium concentrations. The serum vitamin E increased several times 10 hr after vitamin E and Se injection and raised continuously to the highest average concentration 21.6 mg/L at hr 24 after the surgery. The highest selenium concentration was seen 10 hr after selenium administration with holding the increased concentrations in comparison with initial ones during the whole study. Two‐way ANOVA did not show significant treatment effect on plasma concentrations TBARS in the study. The plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances reached the maximum value of 0.18 μmol/L in the control group 5 hr after the surgery. Twenty‐four hours after the surgery, the TBARS values returned to the initial ones. Serum cortisol increased in both groups after surgery. The highest cortisol concentrations were reached at 1 hr after surgery in the experimental and control group (56.7 ± 28.8 and 65.3 ± 26.1 μg/L respectively). A return to the levels similar to the initial ones was recognized 24 hr after the surgery. The ANOVA revealed a significant effect of vitamin E and selenium injection on plasma cortisol (p < .05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that abdominal surgery resulted in typical stress changes with no significant effects of a single vitamin E/Se injection on blood lipid peroxidation. In addition, a weaker cortisol response to the abdominal surgery was recognized in animals treated with vitamin E and selenium.     

酵母铬对围产前期奶牛抗氧化能力的影响

研究在日粮中添加不同水平的酵母铬对围产前期奶牛抗氧化性能的影响。选用20头体况和预产期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,对照组为基础日粮,3个处理组在基础日粮中分别添加2.4、4.8和7.2g/d的酵母铬。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加酵母铬可以提高血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活力（P〈0.01）;在4.8g/d铬水平下,与对照组相比饲喂酵母铬奶牛血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P〈0.01）。结果表明,基础日粮添加酵母铬,0.4mg Cr/kg干物质（DM）可提高围产前期奶牛抗氧化能力。     

植物甾醇对泌乳前期奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

根据年龄、胎次、泌乳时间和产奶量选择24头泌乳奶牛,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。对照组饲喂奶牛场配制的全混合饲料,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组每头奶牛日粮中分别添加40 g/d和80 g/d植物甾醇,研究植物甾醇对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组奶牛的产奶量分别提高了2.07 kg/d(5.64%,P0.05)和1.74 kg/d(4.75%,P0.05);试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组奶牛乳脂率分别提高了8.22%(P0.01)和2.97%(P0.05);乳蛋白率分别提高了2.45%(P0.05)和1.05%(P0.05);非脂固形物分别提高了1.29%(P0.05)和0.23%(P0.05),体细胞数分别下降了37.31%和19.34%,但差异均不显著(P0.05);牛奶中乳尿素氮含量分别降低了5.29%(P0.05)和7.58%(P0.01)。结果表明泌乳前期奶牛补饲一定量的植物甾醇能够提高产奶量和改善乳成分。     

阴离子盐对围产期奶牛的作用机理及其应用

本论文从阴离子盐的作用机理出发,综述了阴离子盐对奶牛采食量、尿液pH值、产奶性能与乳成分、血液离子浓度和血液生化指标、奶牛健康等的影响.     

酵母铬对围产前期奶牛免疫功能的影响

选用20头体况和预产期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,对照组喂基础日粮,3个处理组在基础日粮中分别添加2.4、4.8、7.2g/d的酵母铬。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加酵母铬可以提高外周血淋巴细胞转化能力,提高了IgM、IgG和IgA的含量(P0.01)。结果表明,基础日粮添加2.4g/d的酵母铬,使DM铬添加水平为0.4mg/kg时,效果较好。     

Plasma vitamin E and blood selenium concentrations in Norwegian dairy cows: regional differences and relations to feeding and health

Plasma alpha-tocopherol (vit E) and blood selenium (Se) concentrations in February were determined in samples from 314 dairy cows in Norway, selected to provide a representative subset of the Norwegian dairy cow population. Each sample was followed by a questionnaire with information about feeding of the cow at the time of sampling. The results were correlated to herd data and to calving and health data for each cow from the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System and the Norwegian Cattle Health Recording System. The mean concentrations were 6.9 microg vit E per ml plasma and 0.16 microg Se per g blood. Both levels were highest in mid lactation. Plasma vit E varied with the amount of silage fed to the cow, while blood Se varied with the amount of concentrates and mineral supplements, and with geographical region. No differences in vit E or Se levels were found between cows with recorded treatments for mastitis, parturient paresis or reproductive disorders in the lactation during or immediately prior to sampling, and those without such treatments. For ketosis, a small difference in blood Se was found between the groups with or without recorded treatments. It is concluded that winter-fed lactating cows in Norway had an adequate plasma level of vit E and a marginal-to-adequate level of Se.