基于web的昆虫教学标本管理系统的设计与实现

农林高校昆虫教学标本室中标本种类多、数量大,在标本柜中有固定的位置。鉴于教师和学生难以准确掌握昆虫标本存放的位置,给标本使用、保存、更新和管理造成困难,拟开发昆虫标本管理系统解决该问题。分析了系统的标本管理功能,设计了系统的框架及数据库模式,并用合适的软件架构实现了基于web系统及手机APP的标本管理系统的架构。通过本系统可以在线查询昆虫标本的存放位置、浏览相应的昆虫图片,也可以远程增加、删除昆虫标本图片和修改昆虫标本的存放位置等。本系统有效减轻了实验员管理标本的工作负担,是学生和授课教师在线学习昆虫标本知识的软件平台。     

中国蜷叶蜂属一新种（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

记述危害柳树的中国叶蜂科1新种;柳蜷叶蜂Amauronematus saliciphagus Wu sp.nov.编制了蜷叶蜂属中国种类分种检索表.新种模式标本分别保存于天水市秦州区森林病虫害防治检疫站昆虫标本室以及中南林业科技大学昆虫标本室.     

应用Visual Basic 6.0开发木材标本管理系统

应用Visual basic 6.0语言开发了安徽农业大学木材标本馆标本管理系统,系统设有检索、输入、统计、打印、维护等功能模块.本系统适当调整后也适用于林业系统的树木学、植物、动物、昆虫等标本的管理.     

南京林大树木标本室管理系统研制成功

南京林业大学树木学教研组树木标本室收藏了八万多份树木标本,该教研组为了实现标本室现代化科学管理,与东南大学计算机系计算机知识工程教研组合作,研制开发了“标本室计算机管理系统”.该系统具有以下功能:     

中国阿扁蜂属(膜翅目：扁蜂科)一新种

记述采自中国青海的扁蜂科一新种:黄腹阿扁蜂(Acantholyda xanthogaster WuXin,sp.nov.)。新种模式标本分别保存于天水市秦州区森林病虫害防治检疫站昆虫标本室及中南林业科技大学昆虫标本室。     

对提高我省森林昆虫标本的采集制作技术水平的探讨

最近几年,我省各地采集制作了大量的森林昆虫标本。为查清森林昆虫资源,探讨森林生态系统,确立森林害虫综合防治措施积累了宝贵的材料。今年,参观调查了几个地区的重点森林昆虫标本室。从保存昆虫标本种类、数量、质量现状,普遍存在以下几个问题。在标本采集方面出现以下几种现象。就是采大型的多,采小型的少;灯光诱捕     

中国松叶蜂属(Diprion)昆虫研究(膜翅目 广腰亚目 松叶蜂科)

松叶蜂属(Diprion Schrank)昆虫的幼虫以松、云杉、冷杉或落叶松针叶为食,有时为害相当严重。据记载广东省郁南县马尾松林1980年被六万松叶蜂(Diprion liuwanonsissp.nov.)为害,面积达2000余亩。本属昆虫世界上已记载6种~([5,6]),我国过去没有记载。近年来在广东、广西、云南、浙江、江西、辽宁等省收集到此属标本若干,经鉴定发现4新种和1新记录。模式标本均保存在中国林业科学研究院林业科学研究所昆虫标本室。     

岭峰自然保护区昆虫区系特点分析

介绍了岭峰自然保护区内常见的昆虫种类有225种,隶属35科、5个目,所有研究标本均保存在岭峰自然保护区标本室。     

为害山茱萸的一叶蝉新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:小叶蝉亚科)

本文记述为害山茱萸的1叶蝉新种:茱萸阿小叶蝉 Arboridia surstyli Cai et Xu sp.nov..模式标本保存在苏州大学昆虫标本室.     

中国茎峰科分类研究──Ⅱ简脉茎蜂属（Janus Stephens）及其近缘属（膜翅目：茎蜂科：哈茎蜂族）

记述了中国简脉茎蜂属６种，含２新种，张茎蜂属１种；藏茎蜂属，１新属新种；总计３属８种．新属和新种的模式标本保存于中南林学院环境与资源系昆虫标本室．还编制了简脉茎蜂属东亚区已知检索表及哈茎蜂族已知属检索表．     

Critical discussion of perpendicular to grain tension testing of structural timber – case study on the European hardwoods ash,beech and maple

ABSTRACT

Knowledge about perpendicular to grain tension behavior of wood is essential, since in construction tension stresses perpendicular to grain cannot be avoided completely. Especially for hardwoods, the data basis is scarce. EN 338 design values are with 0.6 N/mm² characteristic strength set very low. The US-American National Design Specifications even set this value to zero and make local reinforcements mandatory. This paper compares strength and stiffness values attained with newly-designed, little, prismatic specimens and EN 408 structural timber specimens to evaluate the current European design values. Little specimen’s characteristic strength values range from 7.2 to 10.6?N/mm² and are assumed to be real material properties. EN 408 specimen values are with approximately 4.0?N/mm² lower. These lower values are mainly due to stress peaks introduced by the force introduction. Strength values attained for the medium-dense European hardwoods beech, ash and maple exceed EN 338 design values by a factor of six to seven. Adaptation of the EN 338 design value is not recommended, though. The abundance of influencing factors makes clear that the design value and the ensuing design code have to be synchronized carefully by tedious testing in order to make use of the perpendicular to grain tension strength potential of the selected hardwoods.     

单机版木材标本信息管理系统的研建

本文基于NET4.0,采用C#语言和ADO.NET数据访问技术,结合SQL Server数据库,开发建立了数字化木材标本管理系统,实现了木材标本的数字化管理和快捷检索.本系统具有运行速度高、信息处理能力强、人机界面直观、功能齐全、通用性强、硬件环境要求低等特点,为促进木材科学与数字化技术水平的提高提供了技术支持.     

A hygro-mechanical analysis of poplar wood along the tangential direction by restrained swelling test

A better understanding of the hygro-mechanical behaviour of poplar wood (Populus alba L.) is proposed by means of restrained swelling tests. Small clear specimens were tested along their tangential direction in controlled climatic conditions; a dry climate (30 % relative humidity and 30 °C temperature) and a humid one (80 % relative humidity and 30 °C temperature) were cyclically set and kept constant each during 7 days. In these conditions, three matched specimens were tested at the same time along the tangential direction: specimen A free to shrink and swell, specimen B free to shrink and prevented from swelling beyond its initial dimension, specimen C prevented from shrinking and swelling. A specific device was set up to monitor strain and/or stress on each specimen. During the adsorption phase, compression forces (on specimens B and C) were measured, and during the desorption step, compression set shrinkage (compression strain at zero load) and tension stress (on specimens B and C, respectively) were measured. In this paper, the dedicated experimental device is presented and a deep analysis of experimental curves is then proposed by means of a rheological approach. By the analysis, some basic data are obtained (swelling coefficient, swelling pressure and compression set shrinkage), and a complex behaviour of wood made of reversible and irreversible phenomena is characterized.     

Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species

The total hardwood timber stock of German forests is fast growing. The lack of knowledge concerning test standards, product standards and sorting criteria makes it difficult to expand the processing and marketing of hardwoods into the field of construction usage. Strength and stiffness data derived from small, defect-free specimens do mostly exist, but in order to be able to insert hardwoods into building applications, data derived from real size specimens is needed. Subsequently, the results of these two different specimen categories need to be correlated and the so-called size effect needs to be quantified and qualified. This paper aims to analyze the size effect of defect-free compression, bending and tensile specimens for the six European hardwood species maple (Acer spp.), birch (Betula pendula), beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), oak (Quercus spp.) and lime (Tilia spp.). They are tested exclusively parallel to grain. Regarding the compression strength for maple, birch and ash, the specimen dimensions did not influence the compression strength value. For beech, oak and lime, it was observed that compression strength increased as the specimen volume was increased. The bending strength of all species decreased as the specimen dimensions increased. Concerning the tensile strength, a clear statement on whether dimensions influence the tensile strength value is not possible. Further research with adjusted specimen sizes, specimen shapes and machine set-ups is needed. Regarding the compression and bending MOE, in most cases, the dimensions did not influence the MOE values. In tensile testing, MOE values differed significantly for the different specimen sizes. Whether these differences were due to slightly different test set-ups in the different sizes or a true size effect could not be answered conclusively.     

Shear behaviour of laminated Douglas fir veneer

The rolling shear and longitudinal shear behaviour of laminated Douglas fir veneers was studied using specimens with 15 layers of 2.5 mm veneers. The rolling shear specimens were constructed such that the 3 central veneers were cross-plies with grain angle oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the specimen. The other layers were orthogonal to the cross-plies. The longitudinal shear specimens had a LVL lay-up with the exception of a reinforcement layer of fiber-glass attached to the bottom face veneer. The fiber-glass layer prevented specimens from failing in bending/tension mode and ensured longitudinal shear failures. Specimens were subjected to static and cyclic loads in a “flatwise” three point bending configuration. It was found that the rolling shear failure mode exhibited a higher fatigue resistance than the longitudinal shear failure mode. A damage model that took the stress history into account was calibrated to the experimental data of each specimen type. Good agreement between model predictions and experimental results were obtained for both failure modes. Received 5 November 1997     

Manufacture of compressed wood fixed by phenolic resin impregnation through drilled holes

An aqueous solution of phenolic resin was impregnated through drilled holes in wood, and we manufactured compressed wood with the deformation fixed by the phenolic resin. The methods of impregnation used in this study were an in-liquid platen-pressing method and a vacuum treatment. The effect of the drilled holes on solution retention was examined. Moreover, the control of solution retention was examined under the application of compression drying. The impregnation of resin into the specimens without drilled holes was insufficient, and the deformation could not be fixed. On the other hand, sufficient impregnation was possible in the specimen with drilled holes, and the deformation fixation was observed. At the stage of compression when the solution was squeezed out of the specimen, the solution retention of each specimen was accurately controlled in the specimens with drilled holes. At the stage of compressive deformation and deformation fixation using a hot press, the specimens without drilled holes could not be processed normally because swelling occurred. However, swelling did not occur in the specimens with drilled holes. Part of this report was presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Chubu Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society in Matsumoto, November 2006     

测试方法对胶合板甲醛释放量测定结果的影响

以试件封闭情况、取样位置、含水率为影响因子,对杨木胶合板的甲醛释放量进行了检测,探讨胶合板释放甲醛的规律和主要途径.结果表明,①胶合板释放甲醛主要集中在边部端面,与边部端面面积有关,表面封闭与否对其释放甲醛的影响不大;②取样位置对甲醛释放检测值的影响不显著,板材边缘和中心位置的试件的甲醛释放量较大,其余部位相差不大;③胶合板含水率对甲醛释放量的影响显著,在含水率较低时,随着含水率的增加试件甲醛释放量增大.     

Quantitative and cytotoxic activity determinations on Galanthus nivalis subsp. cilicicus

Aerial and underground parts of Galanthus nivalis subsp. cilicicus, a wild-growing species in Turkey, were collected during two different vegetation periods in flowering and fruiting seasons. Herba and bulbus Galanthi were prepared from each specimen. With the aim of collecting data for prospective monographs on this drug, contents of humidity, ash, sulphated ash and total alkaloids were determined according to DAB 10. The specimens were also analyzed quantitatively for two of the principal alkaloids of the genus, galanthamine and lycorine, by using a method based on spectrophotometry complemented with TLC. LC50 values were determined for the ethanolic and alkaloidal extracts of each of the specimens using brine shrimp lethality bioassay.     

东北虎剥制标本制作技术

东北虎是世界濒危珍稀物种之一,为国家一级保护野生动物,东北虎标本的制作对于丰富馆藏和开展野生动物保护科研、教学等研究具有重要作用。根据实际制作经验,对东北虎剥制标本制作过程进行总结,运用新技术、新材料,对标本传统的制作技术进行改进,解决了传统标本制作的相关问题,以期为我国的标本制作技术、标本产业提供参考。     

Moisture movement and thickness swelling in oriented strandboard,part 1. Analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging

A procedure was developed to observe the water absorption characteristics of small specimens of oriented strandboard (OSB) and solid wood in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging facility. The procedure allowed a specimen to be surrounded in water while remaining in a fixed position within the imaging coil, after which the water could be removed and the specimen immediately imaged. This technique permitted images of the specimen to be taken after a number of different periods of water soak without having to remove and replace the specimen, thus easily maintaining the same image location. Both the distribution of free water and its movement as a function of time were observed using this technique. Inter-strand voids within OSB were shown to be the main route for moisture movement through a specimen of this type. The influence of the inherent anisotropy of OSB on moisture movement was investigated by sealing selected surfaces of a specimen with silicone to observe moisture absorption in predetermined directions.