苹果铁锰含量变化及其关系

为了了解铁、锰之间的关系,更好地防治生产中的苹果营养病害,本文通过定点采样,结合分析测定,对山东省苹果主要产区苹果花和不同时间叶片铁、锰含变化进行了研究,结果表明：苹果花铁含量高于叶铁,叶铁含量以养分回流期最高,其次是春梢停长期,秋梢旺长期含量最低。缺铁黄化苹果树与正常树相比,叶片全铁含量没有明显降低。从盛花期到养分回流期,苹果叶片锰含量逐步增加,与正常树相比,缺铁黄化苹果叶片锰含量明显下降,而且与叶片黄化程度加重的趋势一致,同时Fe/Mn比值升高。与正常果园相比,发生锰毒害的果园锰含量明显增加,铁含量变化不明显,但Fe/Mn比值明显下降。说明保持苹果树体铁、锰平衡,对于减少铁锰营养病害的发生具有重要作用     

福建省玉米小斑病菌侵染不同细胞质玉米品种的病斑型及其致病型群体结构分析

[目的]为了解福建省玉米小斑病菌的致病性及其群体结构,[方法]研究了2014-2015年采自福建省7个地区的247个菌株侵染不同细胞质玉米品种C103T、C103C、C103S和C103后叶片的病斑型,[结果]结果表明,所有供试菌株均可引起4个玉米品种发病,其病斑长度平均值分别介于1.15 mm-5.40 mm、1.06 mm-4.70 mm、1.09 mm-4.84 mm和1.15 mm-5.21 mm之间。根据病斑长度将病斑分为I和II型,其菌株出现频率分别为80.26%和19.74%。依据各菌株依次在4个不同品种玉米上的病斑型,供试菌株群体被划分出15个致病型,其中致病型CHP15(病斑反应型I-I-I-I)为优势型,致病型CHP11(病斑反应型II-I-I-I)为亚优势型,优势型和亚优势型分别占供试总菌株数的57.49%和9.72%。[结论]不同地区菌株之间的致病型组成及其出现频率存在多样性。此外,其中的235个O小种菌株也出现了14个致病型,菌株间的致病力存在明显的分化。     

Distribution Network Structure Planning Based on Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm

Distribution Network Structure planning is a complex combinatorial optimization problem,which is difficult to solve properly by using traditional optimization methods.In order to solve this problem,Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm is introduced to the distribution network optimal planning. Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm draws into the immune diversity and antibody's density mechanism to maintain the individual's diversity and remains evolution algorithm's global stochastic searching ability,so it can promote diversity and the whole optimal-searching ability of genetic algorithm.The optimal module takes the minimum annual cost as its object,and the capacity and voltage drop of feeder and the radiation of distribution network as its restrictions.According to the require of radiation of distribution network,the spanning tree of the alternative network is taken as the initial solution to speed up the calculation.And the branch-exchange method is used in designing crossover operator and mutation operator to avoid the radiation checking and enhance the optimizing ability.This algorithm has been illustrated effectively by examples,at the same time,the calculation example demonstrates that,the algorithm has higher calculation speed than the traditional immune genetic algorithm.     

Variational Method of Network Structure of Linear Hardening Materials

This paper developed out coordinate equations and equation of strain energy for suspensionand network structure made of linear hardening materials.Then displacements and horizontal forces ofthe network are determined by principle of minimum potential energy.     

Model of Product Design Process in the Network Organization and Its Optimization

Network Organization is an organization built by some rules among organizations for some purposes or some tasks. For example, many organizations work together to develop a new product. The technology of directed graph and fuzzy design structure matrix are used in the development of a new product in the network organization. Base on this, the methods of task de-coupling, matrix exchange and partitions are used to optimize the design activity. It can improve the rate and efficiency of the product's development, reduce the problem of design iteration, short the development periods, make the members of the network organization work concurrently without damaging the quality of the products.     

Access Technology for the Information Network in Intelligent Uptown and Its Applications

This paper presents the architecture of intelligent system in the uptown, summarizes the major techniques for access networks, discusses the main technical plans of access networks for the information network aimed at the intelligent uptowns under construction and constructed in the mainland of China.     

Distribution Network Structure Planning Based on Multi-population Immune Genetic Algorithm

Distribution Network Structure planning is a complex combinatorial optimization problem, which is difficult to solve properly by using traditional optimization methods. The authors put forward Multiple Population Immune Genetic Algorithm (MPIGA)for optimal planning of distribution network structure, and do optimal search to different aspects of optimization goals. During the genetic evolution process, biologic immune mechanism is introduced to do some immune operator operation on chromosomes of each population, which can interact mutually by the shift of excellent units. By this way, it can effectively prevent population retrogression, promote diversity and the whole optimal searching ability of genetic algorithm. In order to minimize network annual expenditure, a mathematic model is established. The optimal solution is obtained by this algorithm, which has been illustrated effectively by specific examples at the same time.     

14-3-3蛋白结构与功能预测及其在木薯成熟期的表达分析

为了深入研究木薯14-3-3蛋白结构和功能,也为研究木薯块根淀粉积累的分子调控提供新思路。本研究采用生物信息学方法对木薯14-3-3蛋白家族的组成成分与理化性质、系统发育进化、导肽、亚细胞定位、二级结构、功能结构域、三级结构及亲水性、疏水性进行分析和预测,并对14-3-3基因在不同木薯品种中进行差异表达分析。结果表明：（1）木薯14-3-3蛋白家族16个异构体存在多个不同的保守结构域,二级结构相似的亲水性蛋白家族成员在进化关系上可划分为2大不同的类别;（2）14-3-3基因家族16个成员在花叶木薯、ZM-Seaside和华南9号(SC9)块根成熟期的表达水平存在显著性差异(P<0.05),与花叶木薯和SC9相比,产量较高的木薯品系ZM-Seaside块根中14-3-3基因表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),推测14-3-3蛋白在木薯块根成熟期的淀粉积累过程中可能起着负调控作用。     

Effect of Disturbances in Transmission Fibers on Structure Parameters of the Optical Fiber Compensation Network

The paper analyzed the effect of disturbances that occur during transmission in the fiber and the influence of the selectivity of coupling implement on the fiber on the basic of experiment and theory.     

Network Virus and Means of Its Prevention

More and more people are caring about network virus because of its enormous devastation lately. After introducing the development course of network virus and its main characters and analyzing its spreading path, the authors put forward ten means of prevention according to their work and experience.     

An Analysis on Model of Board Structure and Its Efficiency

The firm governing is a structure with a board as its core, and its goal is to guard the interests and rights of the shareholders and related people thru supervising the management under the condition of firm's ownership and management separation. So, it is very important to know what the board structure is and whether it can work properly. Thru constructing board model and conducting theoretical and empirical analysis, in this paper, a best model of the board including the shareholders, managers and outsiders is proposed. In order to improve the efficiency of the board, attention should be paid to the following: composition of the board, separation of board director and general manager and the incentive scheme to outside board members.     

Adjustment of Inside Structure of Great Enterprises and Its Development

In this paper the principal factors influencing the development of great enterprises have been analyzed in depth from the point of operating mechanism within the enterprise, then the channels promoting the development of great enterprises have been proposed.     

不同生长型桃的叶脉结构与树体结构的差异与关系

为探讨开张型、直立型、垂枝型、帚形、矮化型和紧凑型不同生长型桃树叶脉结构与树体结构的关系,为桃矮化密植栽培、早期选择提供理论依据。以6种不同生长型桃为试材,对其树体结构特征和叶片形态、叶脉结构进行研究,并对树体结构与叶脉结构的关系进行分析。结果表明:6种生长型桃的叶片角度大小为62.76°~73.50°,没有显著差异,而分枝角度存在显著差异。其中对一级枝基角而言,垂枝型93.92°最大,矮化型36.75°最小,其他4种生长型居中;而一级枝腰角和梢角的变化规律在6种生长型中表现出相似规律,即垂枝型最大,开张型居中,其他4种次之且相互之间差异不显著。在叶片结构特征方面,直立型的叶片长度11.01 cm为最小,但叶柄长2.41 cm最大,紧凑型叶片长度16.20 cm、叶宽4.57 cm、叶面积47.28 cm2均最大,6种生长型的叶脉均为真曲行羽状脉;直立型二级脉数量最多,垂枝型二级脉数量最少;开张型二级脉角度最大,矮化型二级脉角度最小。6种生长型桃叶脉结构和树体结构相关性分析结果表明:开张型、矮化型、紧凑型中,二级脉数量与一级枝梢角之间存在负相关关系,且仅在开张型中两者相关性达到显著水平,相关系数为-0.970,而在直立型、垂枝型和帚型中,二级脉数量与一级枝梢角之间有正相关关系;在开张型、矮化型、紧凑型中二级脉角度与一级枝梢角呈正相关,且紧凑型中两者相关性达到显著水平,相关系数为0.953,其余生长型中两者之间有负相关关系。桃叶脉的二级脉角度和二级脉数量的差异在一定程度上可以反映不同生长型桃树体结构的变化,可作为早期选择桃不同生长型的一项直观形态标记。     

棉纤维超分子结构及与纤维品质的关系

在纤维发育过程中,结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸变化较为明显,随着纤维的发育,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,结晶度不断提高。不同基因型间,正常成熟纤维的结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸差异很小,与纤维强度相关不显著;而取向参数差异较大,与比强度相关显著。不同开花期棉铃发育的环境温度不同,其纤维结晶度、横向晶粒尺寸和取向参数也不一样。不同的温度条件对α角影响较大,但对φ角和ψ角逐渐降低的变化趋势没有影响。棉纤维超分子结构与纤维品质指标关系密切。正在发育中的纤维细胞结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸均随着纤维细胞的发育逐渐增大,对纤维比强度影响较显著。而成熟纤维,因纤维素沉积已经结束,结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸比较接近,对纤维强度影响较小;取向参数对纤维强力的影响较大,分散角、螺旋角越小,取向度越高,所形成的纤维强度就越高,纤维品质好。今后在育种工作中应结合纤维超分子结构培育高品质棉花品种,有利于提高纤维品质。     

Approach for Calculating Short Circuit on Transrmission Lines by Using Piece-wise Method with Structure Network Fault

Based on the properties of linear network,a new generalized diakoptical modeland its algorithm are presented in the paper to calculate short circuit at the arbitrary location on anytransmission line of large-scale power systems,in which the proposed techniques of transferring faultport current,and modifying nodal current sources and column impedence elements, are appliedcomprekensively. The method given here is espocially efficient to calculate short circuit in piece-wisemethod for any mutually coupled cuts between subdivisions in the system with constant or variablestructures. And it is an important improvement for short-circuit current calculation.     

Studies on the Structure Model of Coal and Its Polarization Characteristics

The macromolecular structures of coal samples collected from Yutianbao, Nantong and Qingnian coal mines in Sichuan were studied and a model of structure for these coals was set up. On the basis of above mentioned work,experimental studies and theoretical analyses were made to investigate the characteristics of coal polarization in applied electric field. The results indicate that the rotation polarzation and the space polarization are the essential reason for the attenuation of electric current through coal samples,and that the space polarization is the main form of coal polarization.     

The Storage of Tree Data Structure by Gradation and Classification and Application in CAD for Engineering Structure

The traditional storage of tree data structure is according to the relation of the elements' frant-and-back. Since it is difficult to define the frant-and-back relation of graphics units in CAD for Engineering structure, the application of the tree structure becomes inconvenient. The authors change the storing method for the tree structure into gradation and classification. And a graded equivalence relation of graphics units is brought forward, which grade the graphics units with the equivalence relation. By using this storing method, we can easily accomplish some operations, such as picking up the subtree with a certain character, deleting a node, insert a graded and classified node, etc. The example provided indicates that the storage by gradation and classification can speed up searching and process the data of the subtree by gradation and classification expediently. This kind of storing method for the tree structure is applicable for data which contain the graded equivalence relation.     

擎天树茎叶解剖结构及其环境适应性

为了探讨擎天树茎叶结构对环境的反应,采用石蜡切片法制片,在光学显微镜下观察了擎天树茎和叶的显微结构。结果表明,擎天树茎及叶外部密被表皮毛,内部输导和机械组织发达;其叶片为典型的异面叶,由表皮、叶肉及维管束组成,上、下表皮均有角质层覆盖,气孔只分布于叶下表皮,为平列型;主脉维管束结构特殊,在近封闭的外韧维管束中还分布有3~5束周木维管束。茎与一般双子叶植物茎的结构相似,由表皮、皮层、维管束、髓及髓射线组成,次生构造中出现周皮;分泌道主要分布在叶片主脉各维管束之间及茎的髓部,而分泌细胞普遍存在于各薄壁细胞群中。擎天树的结构特征体现了对自身高大形体及旱生环境具有较强的适应能力。     

Features of Hydrolysis acidogenosis Reactor in Concentric Structure and Its Pilot scale Application

A novel hydrolysis acidification reactor in concentric structure was designed and developed, which could improve the biodegradability of wastewater effectively by the enhancement of the mixture performance due to the stirring and reflux. The pilot scale study showed that the COD removal rate could reach over 46% and 36% respectively treating the two different kinds of refractory wastewater. Moreover, the reactor could cut down the operational cost through the variation of the operation mode. According to the comparison with other hydrolysis acidification reactors, the result showed that a 6 percentage point of improvement in COD removal could be reached to the novel hydrolysis acidification reactor.     

Algorithm and Its Implementation for the Network Maximal Flow

On the algorithm of the network maximal flow, the paper provides a method of achieving it. The concrete procedure is to achieve the algorithm by using stack and structural array. First of all, an adjacency list should be established and its composition chiefly includes orientation, capacity, flux and so on. Afterwards the labeling method is adopted to find the augmenting chain according to the adjacency list. In the process, some spots are stored in the stack by means of the depth superior traverse and range superior traverse and the course way is also conserved in the array. Keep on doinh this till the maximum flow and the flow of each arc are all found.