活性污泥降解植物纤维容器的研究

生物可降解塑料的开发已经成为目前的研究热点之一,而活性污泥法是常用的评价高分子材料的生物可降解性的方法。以活性污泥的干燥固体总质量(TS)和活性污泥的挥发性固体含量(VS)为考察指标,分析活性污泥对于聚丙烯(PP)、纸制、植物纤维(稻壳)餐具的降解能力。实验结果表明,在降解期间(21 d),纸制餐具降解速度最快,且降解程度最大,植物纤维餐具降解程度低于纸制,而聚丙烯餐具基本不降解。增加降解物的表面积和提高活性污泥与降解物的比值,有利于降解物的降解。     

Activated Sludge Settling Process in the Batch Settling Tests

Based on the batch settling tests,the discipline of zone and compression settling activated sludge are studied.The parameters of Vesilind form used for estimation of stirred zone settling are determined by the experimental measurement and experiential formula,and the significant differences between them are found.According to the regression relation between height of the sludge blanket(SBH) and time,a mathematical model describing compression settling is(advanced) and the methods for its parameters estimation are structured.Furthermore,the validation of the model is(approved) by the experiments. From the model,the authors deduce a theoretical equation for determining the change-over point where the compression settling commences,and a new experiential velocity function of compression settling related to the settling time,initial sludge concentration and SBH.     

Culture and Enrichment of Denitrifying Phosphorus Removing Sludge and Nitrifying Activated Sludge

In the experiment, the denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) was cultivated by high phosphorus and low carbon source influent. It was cultivated successfully by the 2 stage mode for about 100 d. The first stage was about 40 d, which was with the mode of anaerobic/aerobic to enrich the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). The maximum amounts of the phosphorus release, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus removal were 77.2 mg/L, 89.4 mg/L and 250 mg/L respectively. The second stage was 60 d, which was with the mode of anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic. In this stage, the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus uptake amount to the total phosphorus uptake amount had an ascending tendency. The cultivation of nitrifying activated sludge was about 100 d, with the 50 mg/L ammonia removal amount and more than 98.5% ammonia removal efficiency. Nitrification rate fitted zero order kinetic equation, and the specific nitrification rate constant was 0.002 4 h-1. Phosphorus uptake rates fitted first order absorption kinetic equation. The uptake rate constants under aerobic and anoxic conditions were 0.377 and 0.740 L/(g·h-1). The cultivated DPB sludge and nitrifying activated sludge were used in an anaerobic/anoxic/nitrification sequencing batch reactor（A 2N-SBR） process to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. When the concentrations of influent COD, ammonia and phosphorus were 188.0 mg/L, 54.8 mg/L and 725 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia and phosphorus were 935%, 76.7% and 94.1% respectively.     

活性污泥应用于农业前发酵处理过程中病原菌变化研究

采用黑曲霉为发酵剂对活性污泥进行全程无公害处理并对各种病原菌的生长变化进行监测。结果表明病原菌总量在发酵过程中呈“马鞍型”变化。由于不同堆肥处理组合的C/N比及添加辅料的不同,导致各种病原菌的生长规律出现差异;采用黑曲霉处理城市活性污泥可使病原菌数目减少,但不能达到完全杀灭的目的;对发酵污泥进行200℃高温物理处理后,病原菌存活量为零。因而活性污泥在堆肥后必须经过高温物理处理才能达到安全化和资源化。     

Study on Factors Affecting the Activated Sludge Bulking and Its Control

In this paper,the concept,types and mechanism of activated sludge bulking were introduced.The factors affecting the sludge bulking were discussed from the aspects of wastewater quality,such as wastewater with high content of carbon hydrate,decayed wastewater,wastewater with toxic substance,wastewater with unbalanced content of N and P and wastewater with low pH value;the environment conditions such as flowing state of the flow,operation manner,variation of water quality and other factors(pH,temperature,nutrition) etc.And also,the emergency controlling,environment controlling and process operating controlling methods are put forward for controlling activated sludge bulking.     

Utilization of Mixed Compost from Sewage Sludge and Municipal Solid Wastes with Coke Breeze for Rice Fertilization

The composition and heavy metals content of sludge, solid wastes and coke breeze is detected in the test. Sludge, solid wastes and coke breeze compost the organic composite fertilizer. The experiments on it for rice fertilization were conducted. The results show that the contents of organic matter and N, P, K in wastewater sludge and solid wastes of Guilin are very abundant and heavy metals remain under the criteria. There is a significant efficiency for the organic composite fertilizer applied in raising rice yield, providing an extensive applicability.     

Effects of Base Types on Waste Activated Sludge Alkaline Fermentation and Dewaterability

The hydrolysis and acidification abilities, dewaterabilities and sludge reduction of waste activated sludge (WAS) under four types of alkaline conditions, which were KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3, were investigated. Temperature and pH value were controlled at 35 ℃ and 10 respectively for all alkaline conditions investigated. WAS demonstrated different hydrolysis abilities, acidification abilities and dewaterabilities under the four types of alkaline conditions. The order of WAS hydrolysis abilities, acidification abilities, ammonia and phosphorus release, dewaterabilities under the four types of alkaline conditions were Na2CO3 > NaOH ≈ KOH > Ca(OH)2,, NaOH > KOH ≈ Na2CO3 > Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 > NaOH ≈ KOH > Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2,>Na2CO3 > NaOH ≈ KOH, respectively. Volatile suspended solid (VSS) reduction of WAS was the best under Na2CO3 condition; while under NaOH condition total suspended solid (TSS) reduction was the best.     

Experimental Simulation of Landfill Gas Production from MSW Co-disposed with Wastewater Sludge

In this paper, the landfill gas generation process was investigated by a landfill lysimeter of municipal solid waste (MSW) co-disposed with wastewater sludge. The experimental results show that the wastewater sludge played a role of inoculation in MSW degradation process and accelerated organic waste decomposition. Compared with the MSW landfill alone, the landfill gas generation rate of MSW co-disposed with sludge was higher by about 30%. The average CH 4 content in landfill gas reached 64%, which was much higher than in case of MSW landfill alone and useful for landfill gas utilization. It is also proved that co-disposal of sludge with MSW is a good choice for beneficial use of sludge.     

Selection of Polymeric Flocculant for Adjusting the Sludge Quality of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The thickened surplus sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is generally mechanically dewatered after regulated with flocculants and the type and dosage of flocculants will influence the dewatering effect directly.And the cost of flocculants is the main part of operating cost of sewage sludge treatment.With the processing practice on yields,thickening and dewatering pattern of Zhenjiang Wastewater Treatment Plant,the analysis and selection of flocculants are carried out with respect to the type and dosage of flocculants for sewage sludge regulation.the principles for flocculants selection and simple calculation method for chemicals cost for sludge treatment are proposed.It is suggested that the dosage of flocculants for sludge regulation should be adjusted in different seasons in real operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plants.     

生物活性炭流化床对生物柴油废水的降解效应与化学势变

为了解决生物柴油废水生化处理难度大、效率低等问题。采用生物活性炭流化床工艺处理生物柴油废水,研究试验系统COD的降解效应与化学势变。结果表明：试验系统具有良好的处理效果,采用四级串联系统可使末端出水COD浓度达到GB 18918—2002中一级B标准。试验系统COD去除的基本过程可用吸附-好氧生物降解两级反应来描述,好氧生物降解反应中COD的去除率随串联级数增大而增大,说明好氧降解的总贡献率与系统串联级数呈正相关。试验系统COD去除反应的化学势变为负值,其绝对值随单元级数增大而增大,说明系统COD的去除是自发反应,系统去除COD能力随串联级数增大而增强,好氧生物降解反应在维持系统处理效果稳定中发挥着重要作用。     

Modification of Cavitation Air Floatation Equipment for Oxidation Ditch Excess Activated Sludge Thickening

We point out the weak points of oxidation ditch excess activated sludge thickening by cavitation air floatation process. out in this paper and the reasons for such weak points are analyzed, and some advanced measures are put forward and. a mModified cavitation air flotation (MCAF) equipment MCAF 10 for oxidation ditch sludge thickening has been developed. The flocculant FO4440SH with 1.0 kg/tDS was added with 1.0 kg/tDS and the 0.2kg/tDS of the surfactant 1227 were adopted with addition of 0.2kg/tDS. When the CAF 5 was employed to thicken oxidation ditch excess sludge, the optimal solid loading was 230kgMLSS/m3·d, and the hydraulic loading was 90 m2/m3·d, and the SS in the effluent was 200～250mg/L;. When the MCAF 10 was used to thicken oxidation ditch excess activated sludge, the optimal solid loading was 270kgMLSS/m3·d, hydraulic loading was 110 m2/m3·d, and the SS of the effluent was 100～150mg/L. The experimental results indicate that the modified cavitation air flotation (MCAF) equipment is more suitable for sludge thickening.     

Pretreatment of Coke Oven Waste Water with Blast Furnace Sludge Method and Blast Furnace Sludge Plus Scrap Iron Method

Coke oven waste water is respectively pretreated by blast furnace sludge method and blast furnace sludge plus iron scrap method, the effects of pH and the quantity of materials and treatment time on the removal efficiency of COD are analyzed. The results indicate that blast furnace sludge plus iron scrap method is superior to blast furnace sludge method .The treatment time and pH can greatly affect on the removal efficiency of COD using blast furnace sludge plus iron scrap method. The treatment time after 30 minutes and pH have no remarkable effects the removal efficiency of COD using blast furnace sludge method. The removal efficiency of COD increases with the increase of blast furnace sludge and iron scrap, but the increase rate decreases gradually.     

The Research of Using Energy Metabolism Equation to Calculate the Sludge Retained Time

Substantially, the process of biological treatment for wastewater is the process of bacterial energy metabolism. In this paper, from the viewpoint of energy and based on the conservation of mass and energy, an energy metabolism equation is constructed. Through the experimentation, the parameters in equation are measured. Through this equation the reason for SRT choice of activated sludge system is explained from the viewpoint of microcosmic. This equation is adaptable to optimizing the SRT of activated sludge system in the condition of low-organic load thereby to optimizing the energy distribution of activated sludge system for energy saving