Effect of a bran diet on the total passage rate and tract measurements in weanling swine

88 piglets of a live weight of 9.5 kg were fed rations with 0, 2.1, 3.1 or 5.5% crude fibre over a period of 4 weeks in four groups, during which time the total passage rate per week and the volume of the tract segments on the 42nd and 63rd day of life were determined. After the weaning-conditioned constipation of all animals, the passage rates could be significantly raised from the first keeping week onwards by crude fibre admixtures in the shape of bran and thus reached the customary values of older animals in their fourth week of keeping. Crude fibre admixtures significantly increased the volume of the colon. The recommended content of crude fibre in the piglet starter feed is 5-6% in the shape of bran.     

Efficacy of initial postweaning diet and supplemental coconut oil or soybean oil for weanling swine

Two experiments involving a total of 581 crossbred pigs weaned at 23 +/- 2 d of age evaluated 1) the efficacy of two diets that contained milk products during the initial 14 d postweaning and 2) the effect of coconut oil or soybean oil additions to swine starter diets. In Exp. 1, postweaning performance responses of pigs fed a control corn-soybean meal-dried whey (C-SBM-DW) diet without added fat were compared with those of pigs consuming diets that contained 3, 6, or 9% levels of coconut oil or degummed soybean oil. The results demonstrated no beneficial weight gain, feed intake, or gain-to-feed ratio response during the initial 14 d postweaning to either dietary oil source. From 15 to 35 d, gains increased to the 6% added fat level, but there was no effect on feed intake when the gain-to-feed ratio was improved to the 9% fat level. In Exp. 2, two diets containing milk products were fed during the initial 14-d postweaning period. The first diet contained corn, soybean meal, dried whey, dried skim milk, and fishmeal (high nutrient dense diet, HNDD), and the second was a C-SBM diet with 25% dried whey. During the period from 15 to 35 d, diets contained no added fat or a 6% level of coconut oil, soybean oil, or the 1:1 combination of each at 3%. The results demonstrated that for the postweaning period from 0 to 14 d pigs fed the HNDD had higher gains (P less than .01), feed intakes (P less than .01), and gain-to-feed ratios (P less than .01) than pigs fed the C-SBM-DW diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Immunomodulation in weanling swine with dietary selenium

The capability of dietary selenium (Se) to augment the immune response was evaluated in 96 crossbred weanling swine. Six groups of 16 pigs were fed diets with Se supplemented as sodium selenite at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 mg/kg. The basal diet contained 0.068 mg of Se/kg. Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were similar for all diets. Whole blood concentrations of Se linearly increased as the dietary concentrations of Se increased. The humoral response was monitored by immunoglobulin G titers to lysozyme and ribonuclease, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although no significant difference in immunoglobulin G titers to either antigen was detected among diets, a similar trend in antibody response was noted. The diet with 0.9 mg of added Se/kg produced the highest antibody response to both antigens, whereas the diet with 0.3 mg of added Se/kg produced the lowest titers for both antigens. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in the pigs by the dermal response to phytohemagglutinin. Significant difference was not detected in pigs fed the various diets in terms of the mean diameters of their dermal reactions to phytohemagglutinin injections. Although blood concentrations of Se were increased, rate and efficiency of weight gain and humoral and cell-mediated immunity were not significantly improved by adding 0.3 to 1.5 mg of Se/kg to diets.     

断奶乳猪料添加"适酸肥A"的效果试验

大量研究表明，断奶乳猪料中添加酸化剂，能补充胃酸的不足，促进乳酸菌等有益微生物的繁殖、抑制有害微生物的增殖、提高消化酶活性，克服或缓解仔猪早期断奶综合症。最近，使用的酸化剂多倾向于有机酸、无机酸相结合的复合酸。“适酸肥A”是广东通用科技研究所研制的一种以磷酸为基础、结合有机酸的复合酸化剂。本试验以美国生产的同类型酸化剂（下简称酸化剂S，含磷酸３５％，并含有柠檬酸、乳酸）为对比，研究在断奶乳猪料添加“适酸肥A”的效果。１材料与方法１．１试验动物试验选取１４日龄、体重约３．８kg的杜×大×长三元杂交仔…     

几种断奶仔猪饲料原料系酸力的比较研究

试验研究了不同工艺形式及不同营养水平的几种断奶仔猪饲料原料的系酸力水平,结果表明:普通玉米与膨化玉米、直火工艺鱼粉与蒸汽鱼粉系酸力差异不显著(P0.05),普通豆粕蛋白水平越高,系酸力越高(P0.01),高蛋白乳清粉系酸力极显著高于低蛋白乳清粉(P0.01),高蛋白水平发酵豆粕(CP48.03%)系酸力低于普通豆粕(CP46.4%()P0.01),膨化大豆(CP39.13%)系酸力极显著低于其他形式豆粕系酸力(P0.01),血浆蛋白粉系酸力极显著高于鱼粉和乳清粉(P0.01),矿物质饲料原料有较高的系酸力。     

系酸力指标在配制仔猪日粮中的重要性及其应用

<正>在养猪业中,早期断奶是提高母猪生产性能的有效途径。但是由于仔猪生理机能发育不完善,断奶将给仔猪带来诸如营养、环境和群体等变化的应激反应,从而引起仔猪断奶综合征。到目前为止,仔猪的断奶综合征仍然是现代养猪行业中的一个难题。随着酸化剂在养殖业中的进一步推广应用,酸化剂的功能也受到更多养殖业者的关注。     

Effects of aflatoxin on the growth performance and immune responses of weanling swine

Aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated ground corn was mixed with a commercial swine ration to yield 2 concentrations (500 mg of AFB1/kg of feed [A] and 300 mg of AFB1/kg [B]) and was fed to 2 groups of pigs. Groups A and B were fed the AF-containing ration, whereas control group C was fed the same commercial ration mixed with ground corn devoid of AF. A comparative analysis of the average weight gain per pig in each of the treatment groups, compared with that in the control group, indicated a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater weight gain in the control group. The average feed conversion rate was also significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in group A pigs, compared with that in the control group. The humoral immune response to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, did not reveal a significant difference among groups; there were no consistent differences observed in the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to mitogens. In contrast, a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in complement titers was observed, whereas an increase in serum immunoglobulin G and M values occurred in the AF-treated group A, compared with that in group C. Gross enlargement of the liver, substantiated by histologic evidence of toxic damage to the hepatic parenchyma, revealed that AF at concentrations of 500 mg/kg of feed was toxigenic and produced an adverse effect on the growth rate, feed efficiency, and general well-being of young pigs.     

硫酸头孢喹肟注射液在猪体内的药代动力学及生物等效性

硫酸头孢喹肟为第4代头孢类抗生素,抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强,对革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均显示良好的抗菌活性,尤其对β-内酰胺酶高度稳定,目前国外已将其广泛用于牛、猪和马的临床治疗[1].     

赖氨酸铜水平对生长猪生产性能和血液指标的影响

饲粮中添加高剂量铜对猪生长具有促进作用 ,生产中常在仔猪和生长猪日粮中添加 1 0 0～2 5 0mg/kg铜。目前饲料工业中最常使用的是无机硫酸铜源 ,不仅易吸潮结块、加工贮存不便、易破坏维生素 ,而且吸收率低 ,排出体外污染环境。而有机铜与无机铜相比 ,具有更容易吸收、生物学利用率和生物学活性较高、不受其他微量元素和养分干扰等优点 ,许多试验表明 ,较低剂量的氨基酸螯合铜对猪的促生长作用可达到较高剂量无机铜的效果。本试验旨在研究不同剂量的赖氨酸铜对猪生产性能及其相关指标的影响 ,确定赖氨酸铜的适宜添加量。1　材料与方法1 1…     

Effects of copper sulfate, tri-basic copper chloride, and zinc oxide on weanling pig performance

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary Cu and Zn on weanling pig performance. Diets were fed in 2 phases: phase 1 from d 0 to 14 postweaning and phase 2 from d 14 to 28 in Exp. 1 and 2 and d 14 to 42 in Exp. 3. The trace mineral premix, included in all diets, provided 165 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO(4) and 16.5 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO(4). In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of added Cu from tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC; 0 or 150 mg/kg) and added Zn from ZnO (0, 1,500, or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 28). No Cu × Zn interactions were observed (P > 0.10). Adding TBCC or Zn increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI during each phase. In Exp. 2, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of added Zn from ZnO (0 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 28) and Cu (control, 125 mg/kg of Cu from TBCC, or 125 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO(4)). No Cu × Zn interactions (P > 0.10) were observed for any performance data. Adding ZnO improved (P < 0.02) ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 14 and overall. From d 0 to 28, supplementing CuSO(4) increased (P < 0.02) ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and TBCC improved (P = 0.006) ADG. In Exp. 3, the 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of added Cu from CuSO(4) (0 or 125 mg/kg) and added Zn from ZnO (0 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 42). The final 2 treatments were feeding added ZnO alone or in combination with CuSO(4) from d 0 to 14 and adding CuSO(4) from d 14 to 42. Adding ZnO increased (P < 0.04) ADG, ADFI, and G:F from d 0 to 14 and ADG from d 0 to 42. Dietary CuSO(4) increased (P < 0.004) ADG and ADFI from d 14 to 42 and d 0 to 42. From d 28 to 42, a trend for a Cu × Zn interaction was observed (P = 0.06) for ADG. This interaction was reflective of the numeric decrease in ADG for pigs when Cu and Zn were used in combination compared with each used alone. Also, numerical advantages were observed when supplementing Zn from d 0 to 14 and Cu from d 14 to 42 compared with all other Cu and Zn regimens. These 3 experiments show the advantages of including both Cu and Zn in the diet for 28 d postweaning; however, as evident in Exp. 3, when 3,000 mg/kg of Zn was added early and 125 mg/kg of Cu was added late, performance was similar or numerically greater than when both were used for 42 d.     

Electrolyte levels and net fluid and electrolyte movements in the gastrointestinal tract of weanling swine.

Electrolyte concentrations, osmolality and pH were determined in conventionally raised weanling swine fed a liquid diet. Incorporation of a dilution marker into the diet in combination with frequent feeding enabled estimations as to the sites of relative fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion along the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike many other species the weanling pig depends largely on its large intestine for absorption of fluid and electrolytes with small changes in net fluid movement occurring along the jejunal and ileal segments. Additional observations included the absorption of water by the porcine stomach which increased dilution marker concentration by approximately twofold and the high osmolality values recorded in the small and large intestine. The implications of these observations are discussed with regard to pathogenesis of colibacillary diarrhea in the weanling pig.     

猪和肉鸡低蛋白日粮的研究进展

低蛋白日粮具有节省成本,提高能量水平,降低氮污染等经济的和环境的优势。试验表明,肉猪低蛋白日粮的研究比肉鸡低蛋白日粮的研究更成功。利用猪的理想蛋白比例、采用可消化氨基酸和净能系统等技术配制以玉米和豆粕为主要原料的猪日粮时,可以不对日粮粗蛋白水平做最低限制。这样配制的猪日粮其粗蛋白水平较低,而饲养效果与限制最低粗蛋白水平的日粮相同。早期报道猪日粮的粗蛋白水平在小猪、中猪和大猪阶段可以分别降低4%、4%和3%。相比之下,肉鸡日粮的粗蛋白水平可降低的幅度较小。资料表明,对肉鸡的理想蛋白模型的研究需要进一步深化,一些非必需氨基酸也可能会成为肉鸡理想蛋白的成员。     

Weekly digestibilities of diets supplemented with corn oil, lard or tallow by weanling swine

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate supplementation of diets with 8% corn oil, lard or tallow. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows weaned at 21 d of age were used to evaluate the effects of these three diets on digestibilities of fat and dry matter and subsequent N retentions from wk 1 to 4 postweaning. In Exp. 2, 147 weanling pigs in six replicates were used to evaluate weekly growth and feed performance measurements when fed these same diets for a 4-wk postweaning period. A large quantity of fat was absorbed (P less than .01) during wk 1 postweaning by pigs fed the corn oil diet, with the quantity absorbed similar for the three sources of fat from wk 2 to 4. Diets with corn oil had a higher apparent fat digestibility than diets supplemented with lard or tallow during each week postweaning (P less than .05). Apparent digestibility of fat increased (P less than .01) for each fat source each week postweaning but appeared to reach a plateau by wk 3 postweaning. Differences in apparent digestibility of fat between fat sources narrowed from wk 1 to wk 4, with digestibility of corn oil increasing from 79 to 89% and of animal fat sources increasing from 67 to 84%. Apparent digestibility of dry matter tended (P less than .10) to be highest when corn oil was provided during the initial 2-wk postweaning period. Although N retention was highest during wk 1 postweaning when the corn oil was fed, this response was attributed to the higher feed intakes of pigs fed this diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

猪低蛋白日粮研究进展

低蛋白日粮具有节省成本,低氮污染等经济的和环境的优势。利用猪的理想蛋白模式,采用可消化氨基酸和净能体系等技术配制玉米和豆粕为主要原料的猪日粮时,通过补充合成氨基酸,降低日粮蛋白水平(2%～4%)能使氮的排出量显著减少,且不影响猪的生长性能。     

Effect of bran diet on organic acids in the gastrointestinal tract and apparent digestibility in weanling piglets

Over a period of four weeks 88 piglets of an average weaning weight of 9.5 kg received rations with 2.1, 3.1 and 5.5% crude fibre in the original substance in the form of wheat bran. Between the 42nd and 49th day of life a digestibility investigation was carried out by means of Cr2O3, and on the 42nd and the 63rd day of life the organic acids in the complete gastro-intestinal tract could be ascertained, the causes of which are to be found in the lack of easily soluble carbohydrates (increased passage rate, bran quota). Due to crude fibre, the apparent digestibility of all nutrients decreased, which resulted in a lower live weight on the 63rd day of life. The effect of a bran diet in the alimentary prophylaxis of coli enterotoxaemia is thus furthermore substantiated.     

Influence of dietary protein, fat or amino acids on the response of weanling swine to aflatoxin B1

Two experiments were conducted using corn from clean or aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated (182 ppb) sources. Weanling pigs (28 d) were fed one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. In Exp. 1 (192 pigs), treatments varied in corn source (clean or AFB1-contaminated), CP level (18 or 20%) and added fat (0 or 5%). At the end of the 28-d growth trials, plasma samples were obtained. An AFB1 x CP level interaction was detected (P less than .05) for growth rate (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed/gain ratio (F/G). Feeding AFB1 reduced (P less than .05) ADG (.30 vs .37 kg/d) and FI (.57 vs .66 kg/d) and increased F/G (1.88 vs 1.78) of pigs fed 18% CP diets. Performance of pigs fed 20% CP diets was not altered by AFB1. Adding 5% fat to diets improved (P less than .05) F/G but did not improve ADG of pigs fed AFB1. There was an AFB1 x CP x fat interaction (P less than .05) for plasma cholesterol. Adding fat or increasing the CP level prevented the depression of plasma cholesterol in pigs fed AFB1. In Exp. 2 (96 pigs), all diets contained 18% CP and the treatments varied in corn source (clean or AFB1-contaminated), added L-lysine HCl (0 or .25%) and added DL-methionine (0 or .15%). Feeding AFB1 reduced (P less than .05) ADG of pigs fed the 18% CP diet (.44 vs .50 kg/d) but not of pigs fed diets supplemented with .25% lysine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)