关于宣传应用项目成果的意见

<正>新疆全球环境基金土地退化防治机构能力建设项目实施5年已全面结束。五年来,在项目协调领导小组的领导下和各部门单位的积极配合大力支持下,主要取得的项目成果有:编制完成了《新疆土地退化综合防治战略与行动计划》、《新疆土地退化防治法规政策和机构能力评价报告》;建立了综合生态系统管理信息中心;完成了土地退化防治玛纳斯、博乐、精河示范点工作总结报告和监测报告;完成了《新疆土地退化防治     

为了绿洲的明天——访新疆维吾尔自治区副主席、新疆GEF-OP12协调领导小组组长钱智

新疆是我国土地退化面积最大、分布最广的省区,也是世界防治土地退化的重点地区之一。随着中国与全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治伙伴关系项目(项目简称:GEF-OP12)的正式启动,记者了解到该项目给新疆在生态领域带来的不仅仅是资金支持,而且其方法理念在法律、政策、规划、技术等各个方面都发生了一系列深远影响。为此,本刊记者特地走访了新疆维吾尔自治区副主席、新疆GEF-OP12协调领导小组组长钱智。     

新疆土地退化现状及防治对策

针对新疆防治土地退化方面存在的问题,吸收、应用国外综合生态系统管理理念和参与式的方法,结合当地在防沙治沙和防治土地退化方面的先进经验,采取行之有效的方法经营土地。提出具有可持续发展的综合防治土地退化的对策。     

大力宣传应用GEF项目成果 加快新疆土地退化防治进程

<正>新疆中国/全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治能力建设项目实施5年已全面结束。5年来,在项目协调领导小组的领导下和各部门单位的积极配合和大力支持下,项目组编制完成了《新疆土地退化综合防治战略与行动计划》、《新疆土地退化防治法规政策和机构能力评价报告》     

为了绿洲的明天——访新疆维吾尔自治区副主席、新疆GEF—OP12协调领导小组组长钱智

新疆是我国土地退化面积最大、分布最广的省区，也是世界防治土地退化的重点地区之一。随着中国与全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治伙伴关系项目（项目简称：GEF—OP12）的正式启动，记者了解到该项目给新疆在生态领域带来的不仅仅是资金支持，而且其方法理念在法律、政策、规划、技术等各个方面都发生了一系列深远影响。为此，本刊记者特地走访了新疆维吾尔自治区副主席、新疆GEF—OP12协调领导小组组长钱智。     

新疆GEF项目成果展

<正>中国/全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治伙伴关系—加强基础条件和机构能力建设项目,简称新疆GEF项目。该项目主要是促进与土地退化防治相关的法律、法规和政策的完善;加强国家和省级之间的协调能力;提高省级和县级协调与运作能力;提高土地退化投资项目的能力;建立土地退化监测和评价系统;为加强土地退化防治提供基础条件和能力建设支持。该项目期限为2004年7月—2009年12月31日。     

西部大开发政策下我国环保法律政策研究--以PRC/GEF-OP12项目为例

中国西部大开发政策显示了政府促进西部地区可持续发展的决心。中国政府已经认识到西部大开发成功的关键是如何保护本地区脆弱的生态环境,扭转自然资源退化的趋势。作为西部大开发的一部分,政府决心解决支持发展的必要环境条件。其中,土地退化是最重要的环境问题。本文仅从分析目前我国环保法律制度对于土地退化防治的规定不足之处,来探讨我国环保法律制度应如何完善,更好的为土地退化防治乃至整个西部地区的生态建设服务。     

内蒙古GEF—OP12建设项目财务管理探讨

以内蒙古项目区为例，全面介绍了全球环境基金赠款在我国西部6省区实施防治土地退化能力建设情况，展示了项目丰富的内容、全新的理念。详述了土地退化防治能力建设项目赠款的管理与使用，相关机构与职责，提款报账范围和各类别分配额度，保障程序与基本要求等。通过对项目实施过程的全面考察分析，提出了科学管理和安全使用国际赠款的合理化建议．对提高赠款使用效益大有帮助。     

新疆GEF项目实施5年成果丰硕

<正>新疆中国/全球环境基金干旱生态系统土地退化防治能力建设项目实施5年来,得到自治区党委、人民政府高度重视。项目在学习和运用综合生态系统管理理念中,结合自治区土地退化防治工作特点和实际,富有创造性地开展工作,取得了显著成绩。     

为全球荒漠化治理贡献中国智慧

<正>荒漠化与气候变化、生物多样性减少并列为全球首要三大生态环境问题,是影响人类生存与可持续发展的全球性重大挑战之一。世界未来委员会(WFC)与联合国防治荒漠化公约(UNCCD)公布2017年"未来政策奖"(Future Policy Award),以表彰世界上最佳的防治荒漠化与土地退化政策和实践。中国多年来在防止土地退化、沙化方面开展     

Land Degradation Control Policies and Practices in Canada and Its Implications to China

Land degradation is one of the significant environmental problems in both China and Canada, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of national economy and society of both countries.This paper introduced some policies, regulations and department coordination mechanisms of land resource management,restoration/ rehabilitation of degraded land,forest resources management,agricultural environmental protection and mineral area land reclamation in Canada.Some practices,experiences and effects in land degradation control of Canada were listed and analyzed.Finally,it was suggested that the successful experiences of Canada in technology,policy and management for land degradation control should be learned for improving efficiency of land degradation in China’s western region.     

全球变化背景下土地退化防治的挑战与创新发展

人类对今日之地球气候、环境和生命系统的影响已接近或超过自然变化的强度和速率, 亟需探索全球变化背景下土地退化综合防治的创新理论和途径, 构建地球系统良性互动循环体系, 促进全球可持续发展的进程。文中侧重分析全球变化背景下土地退化防治面临的新挑战, 探讨土地退化防治的新思路, 分享中国土地退化防治的新经验, 旨在力推将土地退化防治与应对气候变化、保护生物多样性、消除贫困和实现千年发展目标有机链接, 以推进绿色发展, 建设美丽地球。     

Overview of restoration and management practices in the degraded landscapes of the Sahelian and dryland forests and woodlands of East and southern Africa§

The highest deforestation and forest degradation rates in Africa occur in the dry forests and woodlands where pressure for land is increasing, poverty is rampant, livelihood options are few and climate change effects are severe. This paper examines factors that cause land and forest degradation in the Sahel and dry forests and woodlands of eastern and southern Africa and highlights some successful restoration practices, technologies and approaches. In the Sahel, enclosures are used to protect young growing trees while in East Africa enclosures are implemented on degraded land as a mechanism for environmental rehabilitation with a clear biophysical impact. The choice of techniques for rehabilitating specific degraded areas depends first on the priorities and management objectives of stakeholders followed by the costs and benefits associated with available rehabilitation techniques and the economic, social, and environmental values of the land resources in their current and desired future states. In the Sahel, sustainable land management is considered to be an imperative for their sustainable development and the practices include soil and water conservation activities and structures. In all regions, natural forest rehabilitation has used both natural and assisted regeneration to promote the growth of especially indigenous species through coppice regrowth and root suckers rather than seeds. Assisted regeneration was especially prevalent in the Sahel where indigenous tree species have been identified to dominate the degraded sites during early stages of secondary forest succession. The success of any rehabilitation activities depends on community-based natural resources management. In addition, the forest policies and their related policies need to be enabling in order to address issues of concern, including (1) the full participation of communities, (2) clear land and tree tenure and (3) equitable benefit sharing.     

持续发展──现代林业发展的趋势

本文从环境形势、人工林生态稳定性和国内外林业建设的经验教训方面,论述了我国发展持续林业的必要性。提出我国应制定持续林业发展战略,开展分类经营,维持林地长期生产力,实行森林有偿使用     

气候变化背景下干旱生态系统土地退化防治

气候变化是当今全球陆地生态系统所面临的最大胁迫因素。探讨气候变化背景下干旱生态系统土地退化防治, 增强减缓和适应气候变化的能力, 逐步恢复土地生态系统原先所具有的综合生产潜力, 是亟待解决的重要课题。文中分析了气候变化对干旱生态系统土地退化的影响, 从综合生态系统管理的视角, 探讨了保护与恢复森林、草地、农田生态系统以增强应对气候变化的能力以及改善民生的途径, 以期为全球气候变化背景下土地退化防治和干旱生态系统可持续管理提供新的思路。     

Soil productivity,soil conservation and land evaluation

ICRAF's main contributions to research related to soils have been a symposium, Soils Research in Agroforestry; a review of soil productivity aspects of agroforestry; a further review of the potential of agroforestry for soil conservation, covering both erosion control and maintenance of fertility; the construction of a computerized model to predict soil changes under agroforestry systems; and a handbook of practical methods of agroforestry for soil and water conservation in dryland Africa. In research on land evaluation, an environmental data base has been established, leading to a capacity to obtain information, for environmental conditions similar to those of a given site or area, on publications, multipurpose trees, crops, existing agroforestry systems and current experimental work. Land evaluation for agroforestry cannot be achieved merely by synthesis of methods from agriculture and forestry, but will require more data on the performance of agroforestry land utilization types. Recognition of problems of environmental degradation has become an integral part of planning for agroforestry research. By means of a partial synthesis between land evaluation and diagnosis and design, a procedure of site selection for agroforestry research and development has been established.Principal Scientist, ICRAF     

石羊河流域环境退化原因与整治战略对策

石羊河流域环境退化可概括为水环境退化、植被退化、土地退化等3种形式。根据石羊河流域环境系统的区域分异规律及退化特点,退化类型可划分为退化冰川、退化高山草原、退化森林、退化绿洲、退化荒漠绿洲、退化荒漠草原等6种类型。石羊河流域脆弱的环境基质与动能因素构成了环境退化的潜在条件。环境退化是气候干暖化和不合理的人为因素同脆弱环境不相协调的产物。可持续发展是实现石羊河流域社会发展的必然战略选择,提出了8条整治对策。     

加拿大美国林业考察报告

本文介绍了加拿大、美国的林业发展、森林培育、森林经营等状况,并对吉林省林业的建设与发展提出了建议。     

The Boundary and Object for Evaluation on Environmental Cost for Commercial Plantation

The improper cultivation of commercial plantation, which is a management activity with the properties of economy, will lead to environment losses such as land degradation, soil erosion, pests and diseases. Environmental cost is easily neglected by executives, however, it exists actually. The variety, intersecting and overlapping of environment losses decide the boundary of evaluation and the necessity of indices on environmental cost. The research analyzes the characteristics and disciplinarians of environmental cost such as display and un-display, inflow and outflow, and constructs the object system on environmental cost for commercial plantation.