Occurrence of Listeria Species in Broilers Pre- and Post-Chilling in Chlorinated Water at Two Slaughterhouses

Loncarevic, S., W. Tham and M.-L. Danielsson-Tham: Occurrence of Listeria species in broilers pre- and post-chilling in chlorinated water at two slaughterhouses. Acta vet. scand. 1994, 35, 149-154.–Altogether 323 pooled samples of neck skins from 1615 broilers from 2 processing plants (A and B) were examined for the presence of Listeria species. The broilers were sampled pre-chilling–after leaving the final rinser but before entering the chiller with chlorinated water–and post-chilling–immediately upon leaving the chiller. Free available chlorine in the chilling water varied from 2 to 15 ppm in plant A and was about 10 ppm in plant B. Listeria monocytogenes was only isolated from broilers in plant A sampled post-chilling (58% of 62 samples). L. innocua was isolated from 19% and 39% of broilers sampled pre-chilling in plants A and B, respectively. Post-chilling, L. innocua was isolated from 3% and 6% of samples from plants A and B, respectively.     

食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据产单核细胞李斯特菌hlyA基因设计引物,进行PCR扩增,检测该方法的特异性和灵敏度。人工污染样品经Half-fraser和Fraser增菌后进行PCR检测。结果表明,产单核细胞李斯特菌扩增出234bp的条带,对照菌未扩增出目的条带。该方法的灵敏度为104cfu/mL。人工污染样品的检出限为8cfu/25g,说明PCR方法检测食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌具有快速、特异、敏感等特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

哈尔滨市鲜肉中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解哈尔滨市单核细胞增生性李斯特茵(Lm)的污染状况及耐药状况.在哈尔滨市市场随机采集158份鲜肉样品,采用显色培养基分离,API试剂条和PCR鉴定等方法对样品中的Lm进行分离鉴定,并通过Kirby-Barer法测定分离菌株对24种抗生素的耐药性.结果从鲜肉中共分离到Lm 23株,检出率为14.56%,其中鲜猪肉检出率最高,达20.00%(14/70);23株分离菌株中耐药菌株为22株,耐药率高达95.65%.这表明哈尔滨市鲜肉中存在一定程度的Lm污染,并且分离菌株存在较严重的耐药现象.应加强控制动物饲料亚治疗抗生素的使用并严格遵守休药期,防止耐药菌株产生进而控制食源性疾病的发生.     

产单核细胞李斯特菌毒力因子及免疫预防研究进展

产单核细胞李斯特茵在病原学上已被公认为一种人兽共患病和食源性疾病的致病菌,在各国已引起食品加工部门、公共卫生部门的高度重视和研究者的兴趣.文章就该菌的毒力因子及免疫预防研究做一简述.     

单核细胞增生症李斯特菌的分子亚分型法及其应用

细菌亚分型方法的建立不仅能检测人群李斯特菌病的暴发流行 ,还能追踪食物链中单核细胞增生症李斯特菌 (L M)的污染情况。亚分型法对更好的了解 LM的群体遗传学、流行病学及生态学有重要意义。过去的 5年内 ,在建立对 LM敏感、快速、自动化、简便易用的分子亚分型方面起得了重大的进展。文章对 L M不同的亚分型方法及其应用作了概述     

Listeria Monocytogenes Excretion and Humoral Immunity in Goats in a Herd with Outbreaks of Listeriosis and in a Healthy Herd

In a herd of 65 goats with outbreaks of listeriosis (Herd A) blood, faeces and milk were collected just after the outbreaks, about 1 month later and at delivery about 4 months thereafter. Faeces and milk were examined bacteriologically and blood and milk serologically for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and the results were compared with those of 2 similar samplings in a healthy herd (Herd B).In Herd A Lm was isolated from faeces in 5 of 14 septicaemic does and in 6 of 48 other animals on the first sampling, and in 4 and 1 animals respectively, on the subsequent 2 samplings. In milk Lm was demonstrated just after the outbreaks only, viz. in 3 of 12 septicaemic does and in 16 of the other 32 examined. Four does excreted Lm in both faeces and milk on this date. In Herd B Lm was demonstrated only at delivery, i.e. from 10 of 43 animals. Most of the isolates belonged to serotype 1.Reciprocal geometrical mean titres (GMT) of antibodies in sera from the septicaemic group decreased from 236 to 140 and 136 respectively on the subsequent samplings, whereas GMT of the encephalitic animals and of the remainder of Herd A increased from about 20 to about 100 at delivery. GMT of Herd B increased toward delivery from 23 to 39, with largest increase for the does. GMT in whey were ≤ 18 for all groups.     

应用环介导等温扩增技术快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌的研究

目的建立环介导等温扩增技术快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌。方法根据单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)hlyA基因序列中的保守区域,采用在线引物设计软件Primer Explorer4.0进行设计,获得一套特异性的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,对单核细胞增生李斯特菌hlyA基因进行LAMP扩增,并与常规PCR方法进行比较。结果建立的LAMP方法能成功扩增出梯形条带,LAMP检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌纯培养物和人工染菌的灵敏度为5.44×102cfu/mL,而对照PCR检测的灵敏度为5.44×104cfu/mL。对10株细菌进行LAMP扩增,仅单核细胞增生李斯特菌得到阳性结果。从DNA提取到报告结果,耗时仅1h。结论 LAMP检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌灵敏度高,特异性强,耗时短,方法简便,有望发展成为快速检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的有效手段。     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from grass silage.

Two hundred and ninety-one grass silage samples from 113 farms with recent outbreaks of listeriosis were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). The frequency of Lm isolations increased with increasing pH. Lm was isolated from 22 % of the samples with pH < 4, from 37 % with pH 4–5 and from 56 % with pH > 5. Formic acid had been used as additive.A similar investigation was carried out on 32 samples from a farm with no outbreak of listeriosis during the investigation period. Lm was isolated from 9 samples.     

1株跨种裂解李氏杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定

本研究旨在获得天然李氏杆菌噬菌体,提供防治李氏杆菌病新型生物制剂,减少抗微生物药物的使用,抑制病原菌耐药性的产生。利用产单核细胞李氏杆菌作为宿主菌对屠宰场污水进行双层琼脂平板法筛选,获得噬菌体,并对其进行透射电镜观察、生长特性检测(温度、pH、一步生长曲线、最佳感染复数、有机溶剂影响)、基因组酶切鉴定和全基因组测序分析。分离出的产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体中,选取1株裂解性强,遗传稳定的噬菌体进行后续试验,并命名为LP8;经电镜观察为肌尾科噬菌体,可以跨种裂解18株产单核细胞李氏杆菌和5株威尔斯李氏杆菌,确定LP8的最佳感染复数为1、最适生长温度为45 ℃、最适pH为7;在6种有机溶剂中,仅异戊醇可导致LP8活性丧失;对提取的基因组进行酶切鉴定,确定为双链DNA;LP8全基因组测序结果表明,基因组大小为87 038 bp、含有120个编码基因、编码基因的累计长度为76 326 bp、编码基因的平均长度为636 bp、编码区域长度占基因组的比例为87.69%。本试验分离出产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体,并对其噬菌能力和应用价值进行鉴定。分离出的LP8噬菌体相较于李氏杆菌的噬菌体,细菌裂解能力更强,适应环境范围更广。本研究为实验室后续建立产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体库和产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体的其他应用提供了良好的基础。     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的主要毒力因子及其致病机理

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是重要的食源性人兽共患病原菌,LM的致病性与毒力因子密切相关,研究其毒力因子对于充分了解李斯特菌病的致病机制及有效防制该病有重要意义。作者对LM的毒力因子(如李斯特溶血素、肌动蛋白聚合蛋白、C型磷脂酶、内化素、细胞壁水解酶、酰胺酶及毒力调节因子如转录活化因子和应答调控因子等)和致病机理进行了综述。     

李氏杆菌溶血素基因的表达及活性分析

根据LMO溶血素基因hlyA设计引物,PCR扩增hlyA,将扩增产物与pMD18-T连接,重组质粒经酶切鉴定、PCR分析以及确证性测序。将由重组质粒pMD18-hlyA上扩增的缺失信号肽序列的目的片段与表达载体DGEX-4T-1分别酶切连接后,转化BL21细胞。筛选阳性克隆,用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,纯化重组融合蛋白进行溶血试验、小鼠致病力试验和间接ELISA分析。结果表明hlyA基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达分子量82Ku的融合蛋白,能裂解红细胞,且能被LMO阳性血清所识别。一定剂量腹腔注射能将小鼠致死。以此为包被抗原的间接ELISA可以将LMO阴、阳性血清分开。这表明GST-LLO融合蛋白具有良好的生物活性,可用于李氏杆菌病的间接ELISA诊断。     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from organs of slaughtered animals and dead animals submitted for post-mortem examination

The udders from 13 culled ewes and liver, spleen, kidney, lung and brain from 15 lambs, 11 months old, were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) at slaughter. Lm was isolated from 1 of 13 udders, from 6 of the 15 brains and from 0–4 of the other organs from each of the 15 lambs.Internal organs from 68 sheep submitted for post-mortem examination were examined in the same way. Lm was isolated from 25 of these animals. Lm was isolated from the brain of 7 of 9 animals with encephalitis, and from 0–3 of the other 4 organs examined. Lm was also isolated from 10–20 % of the organs from animals with other diagnoses. Altogether 9 of 10 animals with encephalitis and 16 of 58 with other diagnoses (28 %) were found to harbour this organism.     

单增李斯特氏菌溶血素基因的克隆及原核表达

参考GenBank收录的单增李斯特菌Hly基因序列,设计1对引物,采用PCR技术扩增出单增李斯特氏菌的溶血素基因Hly(不含有信号肽部分),得到一条1590bp的条带。将其连入pMD18-T载体,经酶切、PCR鉴定和序列测定法进行鉴定。测序正确后,将该基因插入到pET-28a中构建原核表达载体pET-28a-sHly,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,将诱导产物用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot鉴定。结果显示,Hly基因可以在大肠杆菌中获得表达,表达产物分子质量约为65kU,与预期蛋白质分子质量大小一致。经Western-blotting鉴定可知,诱导表达产物以可溶形式存在,可被兔抗LM阳性血清特异识别,具有较好的抗原活性,为进一步研制基于溶解素蛋白的诊断抗原和特异性单克隆抗体,开展LM的致病与免疫机理研究奠定基础。     

李斯特氏菌因子血清的制备及食品检测的免疫磁性分离-PCR(MIPA)方法的建立

首先进行了李斯特氏菌因子血清的研制,制备出了可对所有李斯特氏菌分型的 １５ 个 Ｏ 抗原因子和４ 个 Ｈ 抗原因子的因子血清。利用复合因子血清的多克隆抗体包被磁性球,对食品中的单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌进行免疫磁性分离,并与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法相结合,建立了检测食品中单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌的 Ｍ Ｉ Ｐ Ａ方法（免疫磁性分离—聚合酶链反应方法,ｍ ａｇｎ ｅｔｉｃ ｉｍ ｍ ｕｎｏｐｏｌｙｍ ｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ ａｓｓａｙ）。对菌液、模拟样品的检测表明,本方法能够有效地克服食品基质、培养基成分和杂菌对 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 检验的干扰作用。食品样品在 Ｅ Ｂ增菌液中增菌 １２ ｈ 后,检测的敏感度达 ５ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ Ｌ,可以在 ２０ ｈ 内完成检测。本方法对实际食品样品的检测结果,与国家标准检验方法检测的结果一致。     

单增李斯特菌llsB基因克隆及序列分析

试验旨在对新疆绵羊脑炎临床分离株LM90SB2单增李斯特菌llsB基因进行克隆及生物信息学分析,以期进一步完善单增李斯特菌溶血素S的功能研究。根据GenBank中单增李斯特菌F2365基因全长序列（登录号为：AE017262）设计其特异性引物,利用PCR方法对新疆分离株LM90SB2的llsB基因进行扩增,回收目的基因与pMD19-T载体连接,采用PCR、双酶切鉴定筛选阳性菌并进行测序,对所获序列进行同源性比对及遗传变异分析。结果显示,新疆分离株LM90SB2的llsB基因序列全长为876 bp,共编码291个氨基酸;LM90SB2分离株llsB基因核苷酸序列与10-0809、81-0592、81-0558、02-1792、NTSN、02-1289不同分离株同源性均为100%,与CⅡMS-PH-1、NRRLB-57603株的同源性均为99.9%,与J1816、R2-502株的同源性为44.7%~45.0%。分子进化树显示,LM90SB2菌株llsB基因与血清型为4b的菌株亲缘关系较近,聚类为同一分支。蛋白质二级结构预测表明,LM90SB2 llsB蛋白为亲水性蛋白,无信号肽,不形成跨膜结构。本试验成功克隆了LM90SB2株llsB基因,为深入探讨该基因功能提供全面的理论依据。     

Occurrence,Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in the Beef Chain in the Republic of Ireland

This study investigated the occurrence, concentration and key characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in beef chain samples (n = 1100) over a 2‐year period (July 2007–June 2009). Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from bovine hides (27%), pre‐chill carcasses (14%) and ground beef (29%), but not from ready‐to‐eat (RTE) beef. The concentration of the pathogen in the majority (95%) of contaminated samples was low and detected by enrichment only. The highest concentrations recovered (100–200 CFU/g) were in ground beef samples. The most commonly isolated serotype group was 1/2a (58%) followed by 4b (12%), 1/2b (10%) and 1/2c (6%). A small portion (<5%) isolates had demonstrated resistance to key anti‐microbials including ampicillin, vancomycin and gentamycin which are recommended treatment options for listeriosis. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis showed indistinguishable profiles for a number of isolates recovered from the hide and carcass (after slaughter and dressing) of the same animals, highlighting the role of hides as a source of contamination. Equally, indistinguishable pulsotypes for isolates recovered at different stages and time points (up to 6 months apart) in the beef chain demonstrated the persistence of specific clones in the factory, process and distribution environments. Overall, the study demonstrated a high prevalence of clinically significant L. monocytogenes entering and progressing along the beef chain and highlights the needs to control cross‐contamination during beef processing and distribution and the need for thorough cooking of raw beef products.     

单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌实时荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立

为建立单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)的快速检测方法,本研究以LM iap基因为靶基因设计合成引物及TaqMan探针,建立实时荧光定量PCR快速检测LM的方法。结果显示,对15株试验菌株进行实时荧光定量PCR检测,只有LM菌株检测为阳性,表明该检测方法特异性强;该方法的灵敏度为6.5 CFU/mL;稳定性和重复性试验结果表明,同一样品重复检测4次Ct值的变异系数均小于2%;利用该检测方法对采集的139份样品进行检测,共计检出3份LM阳性样品,与国标法(GB 478930-2010)检测结果一致。该检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,具有良好的实用性。     

Development of A Dual Real-time PCR for the Rapid Detection of Listeria monocytogenes

To establish a rapid assay for Listeria monocytogenes(LM) detection,a Real-time PCR method was developed targeting iap gene of LM.The results showed that the test for 15 bacteria strains,only LM was positive,indicated that the method had high specificity.In addition,the sensitivity of Real-time PCR was 6.5 CFU/mL.Stability and reproducibility of the test showed that the coefficient of variation for the same sample repeat the Ct values were less than 2%.Furthermore,a total of 3 positive samples for LM were detected from 139 clinical samples by the method,which was in accordance with the testing result by GB 478930-2010 standard detection protocol.Therefore,the Real-time PCR method provides a novel rapid,sensitive and good repeatability detection method for LM infection.     

单增李斯特菌lmo2193基因克隆与原核表达

为了对单增李斯特菌新疆绵羊脑炎临床分离株LM90SB2的lmo2193基因进行克隆及其原核表达,采用PCR方法扩增lmo2193基因,连接pMD19-T载体进行克隆,筛选阳性菌进行测序比对。将目的基因克隆至原核表达质粒p ET32a中,构建重组质粒pET32a-2193,并转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,经诱导表达后,利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定重组蛋白。结果显示:扩增得到的lmo2193基因序列长度为1 077 bp,与预期一致;该基因在大肠杆菌中大量表达,经SDS-PAGE检测和Western blot鉴定分析表明该产物为1个60 ku左右的融合重组蛋白。本研究成功克隆lmo2193基因,并获得大量表达,为进一步研究lmo2193基因功能奠定基础。     

Isolation of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in faeces of wild animals in captivity

The isolation of pathogenic Listeria spp. in faecal samples of captive wild animals was studied. Isolation of the pathogen was attempted from the samples by selective enrichment in University of Vermont Medium and plating onto Dominguez-Rodriguez isolation agar, PALCAM agar and modified McBride Listeria agar. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by Christie, Atkins, Munch Petersen test, phosphotidylinositol-specific phospholipase C assay, mice inoculation test and chick embryo bioassay. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from eight (16%) of 50 faecal samples from six different mammals and one bird. Out of eight isolates, one isolate from jackal proved to be pathogenic by all the pathogenicity testing assays. PCR amplification of virulence genes suggested that the isolate was potentially pathogenic.