Occurrence of Listeria Species in an Abattoir for Cattle and Pigs in Bosnia and Hercegovina

Altogether 496 samples of meat, lymph nodes, process water and swabs from different places in the abattoir were examined for the presence of Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 31 (6%) and other Listeria spp. from 65 (13%) samples. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 2 of 10 beef meat samples, 4 of 50 pig meat samples and 1 of 21 lymph nodes of pigs. No Listeria bacteria were isolated from lymph nodes of cattle. The highest percentage of Listeria was recovered from the unclean sections (cattle 22% and pigs 27% ) and the highest frequency was observed during the winter months.     

植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉鸡的治疗效果及机制

本试验研究了植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉仔鸡的生产性能、氧化反应及促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路的影响,旨在探讨植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉鸡的治疗效果及机制。选择1日龄AA公雏480只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组和感染组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组、乳杆菌培养物组在基础日粮中分别添加40 mg/kg盐酸恩诺沙星和1.6 g/kg灭活植物乳杆菌培养物。5日龄时,感染组、抗生素组和乳杆菌培养物组每只鸡灌服1 mL（10⁵ CFU）单增李斯特菌感染液,对照组灌服无菌株培养液,全程试验期28 d。结果显示,与感染组相比,植物乳杆菌培养物可以显著提高7和28 d肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和始末体重（P<0.05）,显著降低肉仔鸡料重比（P<0.05）;显著降低14和28 d肉仔鸡血清和十二指肠黏膜中的二胺氧化酶、丙二醛、蛋白羰基（除14 d十二指肠黏膜外）的含量（P<0.05）;显著降低7和28 d肉仔鸡MAPK3、MAPK10和DUSP6（7 d除外）基因mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。综上,日粮中添加植物乳杆菌发酵培养物可以提高肉鸡抗氧化性,抑制单增李斯特菌的感染,提高抗菌能力,通过MAPK信号提高抗炎能力。植物乳杆菌发酵培养物对单增李斯特菌感染肉鸡有较好的治疗效果,可以作为替代抗生素的添加剂。     

产单核细胞李斯特菌毒力因子及免疫预防研究进展

产单核细胞李斯特茵在病原学上已被公认为一种人兽共患病和食源性疾病的致病菌,在各国已引起食品加工部门、公共卫生部门的高度重视和研究者的兴趣.文章就该菌的毒力因子及免疫预防研究做一简述.     

食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据产单核细胞李斯特菌hlyA基因设计引物,进行PCR扩增,检测该方法的特异性和灵敏度。人工污染样品经Half-fraser和Fraser增菌后进行PCR检测。结果表明,产单核细胞李斯特菌扩增出234bp的条带,对照菌未扩增出目的条带。该方法的灵敏度为104cfu/mL。人工污染样品的检出限为8cfu/25g,说明PCR方法检测食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌具有快速、特异、敏感等特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

单核细胞增生症李斯特菌的分子亚分型法及其应用

细菌亚分型方法的建立不仅能检测人群李斯特菌病的暴发流行 ,还能追踪食物链中单核细胞增生症李斯特菌 (L M)的污染情况。亚分型法对更好的了解 LM的群体遗传学、流行病学及生态学有重要意义。过去的 5年内 ,在建立对 LM敏感、快速、自动化、简便易用的分子亚分型方面起得了重大的进展。文章对 L M不同的亚分型方法及其应用作了概述     

Listeria Monocytogenes Excretion and Humoral Immunity in Goats in a Herd with Outbreaks of Listeriosis and in a Healthy Herd

In a herd of 65 goats with outbreaks of listeriosis (Herd A) blood, faeces and milk were collected just after the outbreaks, about 1 month later and at delivery about 4 months thereafter. Faeces and milk were examined bacteriologically and blood and milk serologically for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and the results were compared with those of 2 similar samplings in a healthy herd (Herd B).In Herd A Lm was isolated from faeces in 5 of 14 septicaemic does and in 6 of 48 other animals on the first sampling, and in 4 and 1 animals respectively, on the subsequent 2 samplings. In milk Lm was demonstrated just after the outbreaks only, viz. in 3 of 12 septicaemic does and in 16 of the other 32 examined. Four does excreted Lm in both faeces and milk on this date. In Herd B Lm was demonstrated only at delivery, i.e. from 10 of 43 animals. Most of the isolates belonged to serotype 1.Reciprocal geometrical mean titres (GMT) of antibodies in sera from the septicaemic group decreased from 236 to 140 and 136 respectively on the subsequent samplings, whereas GMT of the encephalitic animals and of the remainder of Herd A increased from about 20 to about 100 at delivery. GMT of Herd B increased toward delivery from 23 to 39, with largest increase for the does. GMT in whey were ≤ 18 for all groups.     

Natural Occurrence of Campylobacter Species,Salmonella Serovars,and Other Bacteria in Unabsorbed Yolks of Market-Age Commercial Broilers

In the developing avian embryo, the main energy source is the yolk. Toward the end of the incubation period, the remaining yolk sac is internalized into the abdominal cavity. At hatch, the remaining yolk comprises 20% of the chick's BW and provides the nutrients needed for maintenance. Posthatch, chicks rapidly initiate the transition from yolk dependence to the utilization of exogenous feed. However, at present, it is not known what types of bacteria are found to be associated with unabsorbed yolk sacs from market-age broilers. For Experiment 1, one hundred 6-wk-old defeathered broiler carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing facility during each of 3 visits. In the second experiment, one hundred 8-wk-old defeathered broiler carcasses were obtained from a different commercial processing plant on 4 separate occasions. For both experiments, each carcass was aseptically opened and inspected for the presence of an unabsorbed yolk sac. Three to 5 carcasses containing a free-floating yolk sac (within the abdominal cavity) and the yolk stalk (without a yolk sac) and 3 to 5 carcasses containing an attached yolk and yolk stalk from each repetition were randomly selected and analyzed for levels and types of total aerobic bacteria (APC), Enterobacteriaceae (ENT), and for the presence of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella serovars. The APC ranged from log 3.3 to >log 6.0, and the ENT ranged from log 2.8 to >log 6.0. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were the predominant organisms in APC, whereas Escherichia coli and Hafnia alvei were found to comprise the ENT. Campylobacter spp. was found in 29% of the yolk stalks, 32% of the attached yolk sacs, and 13% of the free-floating yolk sacs. All Campylobacter isolates were determined to be Campylobacter jejuni, except for 1 attached yolk and yolk stalk, which was Campylobacter coli. Salmonella serovars were found in 26% of the yolk stalks, 48% of the attached yolk sacs, and 23% of the free-floating yolk sacs, and the majority of Salmonella isolates were Salmonella Typhimurium. The significance of these bacterial reservoirs and carcass contamination during processing is yet to be determined.     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from grass silage.

Two hundred and ninety-one grass silage samples from 113 farms with recent outbreaks of listeriosis were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). The frequency of Lm isolations increased with increasing pH. Lm was isolated from 22 % of the samples with pH < 4, from 37 % with pH 4–5 and from 56 % with pH > 5. Formic acid had been used as additive.A similar investigation was carried out on 32 samples from a farm with no outbreak of listeriosis during the investigation period. Lm was isolated from 9 samples.     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的主要毒力因子及其致病机理

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是重要的食源性人兽共患病原菌,LM的致病性与毒力因子密切相关,研究其毒力因子对于充分了解李斯特菌病的致病机制及有效防制该病有重要意义。作者对LM的毒力因子(如李斯特溶血素、肌动蛋白聚合蛋白、C型磷脂酶、内化素、细胞壁水解酶、酰胺酶及毒力调节因子如转录活化因子和应答调控因子等)和致病机理进行了综述。     

李氏杆菌溶血素基因的表达及活性分析

根据LMO溶血素基因hlyA设计引物,PCR扩增hlyA,将扩增产物与pMD18-T连接,重组质粒经酶切鉴定、PCR分析以及确证性测序。将由重组质粒pMD18-hlyA上扩增的缺失信号肽序列的目的片段与表达载体DGEX-4T-1分别酶切连接后,转化BL21细胞。筛选阳性克隆,用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,纯化重组融合蛋白进行溶血试验、小鼠致病力试验和间接ELISA分析。结果表明hlyA基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达分子量82Ku的融合蛋白,能裂解红细胞,且能被LMO阳性血清所识别。一定剂量腹腔注射能将小鼠致死。以此为包被抗原的间接ELISA可以将LMO阴、阳性血清分开。这表明GST-LLO融合蛋白具有良好的生物活性,可用于李氏杆菌病的间接ELISA诊断。     

1株跨种裂解李氏杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定

本研究旨在获得天然李氏杆菌噬菌体,提供防治李氏杆菌病新型生物制剂,减少抗微生物药物的使用,抑制病原菌耐药性的产生。利用产单核细胞李氏杆菌作为宿主菌对屠宰场污水进行双层琼脂平板法筛选,获得噬菌体,并对其进行透射电镜观察、生长特性检测(温度、pH、一步生长曲线、最佳感染复数、有机溶剂影响)、基因组酶切鉴定和全基因组测序分析。分离出的产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体中,选取1株裂解性强,遗传稳定的噬菌体进行后续试验,并命名为LP8;经电镜观察为肌尾科噬菌体,可以跨种裂解18株产单核细胞李氏杆菌和5株威尔斯李氏杆菌,确定LP8的最佳感染复数为1、最适生长温度为45 ℃、最适pH为7;在6种有机溶剂中,仅异戊醇可导致LP8活性丧失;对提取的基因组进行酶切鉴定,确定为双链DNA;LP8全基因组测序结果表明,基因组大小为87 038 bp、含有120个编码基因、编码基因的累计长度为76 326 bp、编码基因的平均长度为636 bp、编码区域长度占基因组的比例为87.69%。本试验分离出产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体,并对其噬菌能力和应用价值进行鉴定。分离出的LP8噬菌体相较于李氏杆菌的噬菌体,细菌裂解能力更强,适应环境范围更广。本研究为实验室后续建立产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体库和产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体的其他应用提供了良好的基础。     

单增李斯特氏菌溶血素基因的克隆及原核表达

参考GenBank收录的单增李斯特菌Hly基因序列,设计1对引物,采用PCR技术扩增出单增李斯特氏菌的溶血素基因Hly(不含有信号肽部分),得到一条1590bp的条带。将其连入pMD18-T载体,经酶切、PCR鉴定和序列测定法进行鉴定。测序正确后,将该基因插入到pET-28a中构建原核表达载体pET-28a-sHly,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,将诱导产物用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot鉴定。结果显示,Hly基因可以在大肠杆菌中获得表达,表达产物分子质量约为65kU,与预期蛋白质分子质量大小一致。经Western-blotting鉴定可知,诱导表达产物以可溶形式存在,可被兔抗LM阳性血清特异识别,具有较好的抗原活性,为进一步研制基于溶解素蛋白的诊断抗原和特异性单克隆抗体,开展LM的致病与免疫机理研究奠定基础。     

单增李斯特菌llsB基因克隆及序列分析

试验旨在对新疆绵羊脑炎临床分离株LM90SB2单增李斯特菌llsB基因进行克隆及生物信息学分析,以期进一步完善单增李斯特菌溶血素S的功能研究。根据GenBank中单增李斯特菌F2365基因全长序列（登录号为：AE017262）设计其特异性引物,利用PCR方法对新疆分离株LM90SB2的llsB基因进行扩增,回收目的基因与pMD19-T载体连接,采用PCR、双酶切鉴定筛选阳性菌并进行测序,对所获序列进行同源性比对及遗传变异分析。结果显示,新疆分离株LM90SB2的llsB基因序列全长为876 bp,共编码291个氨基酸;LM90SB2分离株llsB基因核苷酸序列与10-0809、81-0592、81-0558、02-1792、NTSN、02-1289不同分离株同源性均为100%,与CⅡMS-PH-1、NRRLB-57603株的同源性均为99.9%,与J1816、R2-502株的同源性为44.7%~45.0%。分子进化树显示,LM90SB2菌株llsB基因与血清型为4b的菌株亲缘关系较近,聚类为同一分支。蛋白质二级结构预测表明,LM90SB2 llsB蛋白为亲水性蛋白,无信号肽,不形成跨膜结构。本试验成功克隆了LM90SB2株llsB基因,为深入探讨该基因功能提供全面的理论依据。     

Isolation of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in faeces of wild animals in captivity

The isolation of pathogenic Listeria spp. in faecal samples of captive wild animals was studied. Isolation of the pathogen was attempted from the samples by selective enrichment in University of Vermont Medium and plating onto Dominguez-Rodriguez isolation agar, PALCAM agar and modified McBride Listeria agar. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by Christie, Atkins, Munch Petersen test, phosphotidylinositol-specific phospholipase C assay, mice inoculation test and chick embryo bioassay. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from eight (16%) of 50 faecal samples from six different mammals and one bird. Out of eight isolates, one isolate from jackal proved to be pathogenic by all the pathogenicity testing assays. PCR amplification of virulence genes suggested that the isolate was potentially pathogenic.     

单增李斯特菌lmo2193基因克隆与原核表达

为了对单增李斯特菌新疆绵羊脑炎临床分离株LM90SB2的lmo2193基因进行克隆及其原核表达,采用PCR方法扩增lmo2193基因,连接pMD19-T载体进行克隆,筛选阳性菌进行测序比对。将目的基因克隆至原核表达质粒p ET32a中,构建重组质粒pET32a-2193,并转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,经诱导表达后,利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定重组蛋白。结果显示:扩增得到的lmo2193基因序列长度为1 077 bp,与预期一致;该基因在大肠杆菌中大量表达,经SDS-PAGE检测和Western blot鉴定分析表明该产物为1个60 ku左右的融合重组蛋白。本研究成功克隆lmo2193基因,并获得大量表达,为进一步研究lmo2193基因功能奠定基础。     

一株单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株的分子分型鉴定及其生物学特性

从上海某羊养殖场获得了一株单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株CMG47。为了确定该单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株的分子分型,了解其生物学特性,本研究通过多重PCR对该菌株进行谱系和血清型分析,利用多位点序列分型（MLST）方法鉴定其分子分型。采用PCR方法对主要毒力基因进行检测,并通过体外观察和荧光定量PCR对菌株溶脂溶血特性进行分析。将菌株通过腹腔注射ICR小鼠和静脉注射斑马鱼,测定其毒力。研究结果表明该分离株属于谱系Ⅰ,1/2b血清型;序列分型为ST619;携带prfA、inlA、inlB、plcA、plcB、mpl、actA、hly等主要毒力因子;体外无明显溶脂活性,溶血活性较弱;小鼠和斑马鱼试验均显示,该分离株属于强毒株,与强毒参考株EGDe的毒力相当（P>0.05）。该分离株的谱系/血清型为引起李斯特菌病的主要型别,拥有整套主要毒力因子,为单增李斯特菌强毒株。本研究为李斯特菌病散发病例的流行和传播特征分析提供了分子生物学基础,对建立健全李斯特菌监测体系和风险评估意义重大。     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from organs of slaughtered animals and dead animals submitted for post-mortem examination

The udders from 13 culled ewes and liver, spleen, kidney, lung and brain from 15 lambs, 11 months old, were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) at slaughter. Lm was isolated from 1 of 13 udders, from 6 of the 15 brains and from 0–4 of the other organs from each of the 15 lambs.Internal organs from 68 sheep submitted for post-mortem examination were examined in the same way. Lm was isolated from 25 of these animals. Lm was isolated from the brain of 7 of 9 animals with encephalitis, and from 0–3 of the other 4 organs examined. Lm was also isolated from 10–20 % of the organs from animals with other diagnoses. Altogether 9 of 10 animals with encephalitis and 16 of 58 with other diagnoses (28 %) were found to harbour this organism.     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌SigB调控GadD3的抗酸应激作用

单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌)是一种重要的食源性人兽共患病病原菌,其拥有一系列抗酸应激系统以抵抗酸应激的伤害作用。谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)系统是该菌抗酸应激系统重要成员之一,酸应激存活试验表明,GAD系统3个谷氨酸脱羧酶基因对单增李斯特菌抗酸应激能力的贡献依次为gadD2、gadD3和gadD1。为阐明GAD系统抗酸作用调控机制,通过荧光定量PCR、GFP报告基因和免疫印迹结合酸应激存活试验,证实了应激调控因子SigB参与正调控gadD3的转录与表达,但是不影响gadD1和gadD2的表达,进而通过gadD3参与单增李斯特菌的抗酸应激作用。研究结果丰富了单增李斯特菌抗酸应激系统的调控网络,并可为李斯特菌病的防控提供理论依据。     

单增李斯特菌inlK基因缺失株的构建及其生物被膜与消毒剂抗力分析

【目的】 研究inlK基因对Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力的影响及其生物被膜与消毒剂抗力的关系,以期为有效防控单增李斯特菌污染提供参考。【方法】 以单增李斯特菌Lm90SB2为试验菌,根据GenBank中公布的单增李斯特菌F2365 inlK基因序列(登录号:AE017262),应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计用于扩增inlK基因上、下游同源臂片段及验证缺失株的特异性引物,以同源重组技术构建inlK基因缺失株,并通过旁外侧引物运用PCR方法进行缺失株检测。将标准菌株Lm90SB2和构建的缺失株分别培养8、12、24、48 h后进行结晶紫染色,在倒置显微镜下观察形态变化,并用酶标仪测定生物被膜形成能力;用含3 g/L卵磷脂+3 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液和含10 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液作为新洁尔灭消毒剂的中和剂,含5 g/L硫代硫酸钠+5 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液和含10 g/L硫代硫酸钠+30 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液84消毒剂的中和剂,设消毒剂+菌悬液、消毒剂+菌悬液+中和剂、中和剂+菌悬液、消毒剂+中和剂+菌悬液、稀释液+菌悬液(阳性对照)、稀释液+中和剂+培养基(阴性对照)6个试验组,进行中和剂的筛选,并检测不同浓度新洁尔灭(1∶15、1∶30)和84消毒剂(1∶50、1∶100)分别作用1、5、10、20 min时对2株菌的灭菌率。【结果】 PCR结果表明,成功构建了缺失株Lm90SB2ΔinlK,且inlK基因的缺失导致Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01);含3 g/L卵磷脂+3 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液构成的中和剂可有效中和新洁尔灭消毒剂,5 g/L硫代硫酸钠+5 g/L卵磷脂+20 g/L吐温80的PBS溶液可有效中和84消毒剂。不同比例的新洁尔灭(1∶15、1∶30)和84消毒剂(1∶50、1∶100)消毒剂在1、5、10 min对Lm90SB2ΔinlK株的灭菌率均显著或极显著高于Lm90SB2株(P<0.05;P<0.01),且在20 min时灭菌率均为100%。【结论】 inlK基因的缺失导致Lm90SB2菌株生物被膜形成能力下降,且对消毒剂抗力减弱。     

Listeriosis in sheep. Listeria monocytogenes excretion and immunological state in healthy sheep.

Listeriosis in sheep. Listeria monocytogenes excretion and immunological state in healthy sheep. Acta vet. scand. 1979, 20, 168–179. — The excretion of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in the faeces and milk, and humoral and cell mediated immunity against Lm, were examined in a sheep flock where no cases of listeriosis had occurred during the last 3 years. The investigation was carried out during the indoor season. During the first part of the season 2 of the 10 pregnant, 8 months old lambs excreted Lm in the faeces, but none of the 106 ewes, 2–10 years old. At lambing the organism was isolated from the faeces of 6 of the 10 1 year old lambs and from 64% of the ewes, and from the milk of 1 of the lambs and 41% of the ewes. Nearly all the isolates (98.5%) belonged to serotype 1.Antibody titres against Lm were found in sera and whey by an indirect haemagglutination method. The titres were higher for the ewes than for the hoggs and seemed to be influenced by the number of foetuses the animals carried.Cell mediated immunity was determined by a skin test where delayed hypersensitivity against an antigen prepared from Lm, was measured. Animals fed grass silage had a stronger reaction than animals fed hay, and a stronger reaction was found in animals with ≥ 3 foetuses than in the remainder.The investigation indicates that even in a healthy sheep flock all the animals may be exposed to Lm, and the majority may be latent carriers and excrete this organism in the faeces and milk during periods of stress.