乳酸菌液体发酵饲料对育肥猪养分表观消化率、粪样菌群、血液生化指标和生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究乳酸菌液体发酵饲料对育肥猪养分表观消化率、粪样菌群、血液生化指标和生产性能的影响。选择200头体重60 kg左右的三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加10%、30%、50%的乳酸菌液体发酵饲料替代基础日粮中相应比例的全价配合饲料。结果表明,在育肥猪的饲料中添加乳酸菌液体发酵饲料,粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、钙、总磷、氮的养分表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);鲜粪中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量显著降低,乳酸菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);显著提高了血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、葡萄糖的含量(P<0.05),显著降低了血液中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),总胆固醇、三酰甘油、免疫球蛋白M无显著影响;平均日增重和平均日采食量明显增加(P<0.05),料肉比显示添加10%乳酸菌液体发酵饲料饲料报酬为最佳;显著降低了育肥猪发病率(P<0.05)。     

日粮中不同比例膨化玉米对保育猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究在日粮中添加不同比例膨化玉米对保育猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响.选用体重(9.50±1.05) kg的"杜×长×大"保育猪200头,随机分为对照组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组保育猪饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、2组、3组保育猪饲喂不同比例膨化玉...     

复合乳酸菌发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究复合乳酸菌发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能、粪便菌群、血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响.选取平均体重(40.69±1.16)kg的健康"长×大"二元生长猪90头,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1％和3％复合乳酸菌发酵饲料的试验饲粮,试验期3...     

益生菌对育肥猪育肥后期生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响

本试验旨在探讨益生菌对育肥猪育肥后期生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的影响。选取平均体重为(92.01±0.91) kg的“长×大”育肥猪100头,随机分为对照组和益生菌组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,益生菌组在基础饲粮中添加益生菌制剂(每千克饲粮含干酪乳杆菌2.0×10⁹CFU、酿酒酵母2.0×10⁸CFU)。饲喂期为31 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,益生菌组育肥猪的平均日增重提高了9.42%(P<0.05),料重比降低了6.90%(P>0.05);益生菌组育肥猪的钙和总磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);益生菌组粪便低丰度菌群中普氏菌属、Alloprevotella、考拉杆菌属、粪球菌属、脱硫弧菌属、粪杆菌属、丁酸球菌属和琥珀酸弧菌属的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),未标记颤螺菌科、惰性真杆菌群、Anaeroplasma和短优杆菌群的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);益生菌组育肥猪粪便中总短链脂肪酸、丙酸和戊酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),总短链脂肪...     

中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨夏季在育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂对其生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取200头体重约60 kg的杜长大(杜洛克×长白×大白)育肥猪,随机分为4个组(处理),每个组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素(50%)的对照日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%中草药添加剂的日粮。试验结果表明,与抗生素对照组相比,日粮中添加1.5%中草药添加剂显著提高育肥猪平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05),各试验组均有改善料重比的趋势,但差异不显著;日粮中添加中草药添加剂与抗生素对照组相比,干物质、总能、粗蛋白质、钙、磷等表观消化率均有提高的趋势;育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂与抗生素对照相比,血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM及补体C3、C4的浓度均显著提高(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,日粮中添加中草药添加剂明显改善了育肥猪的生产性能、养分消化、免疫功能。     

固态发酵醋糟饲料对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究固态发酵醋糟饲料(SFVD)对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。选择体况相近[(59.04±0.33)kg]的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长育肥猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%的SFVD。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪平均日采食量(ADFI)具有一定的促进趋势(P=0.056);显著降低了育肥猪饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.05),对粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率有一定的促进趋势(P=0.052);显著提高了育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.055和P=0.077);显著提高了育肥猪粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.05),粪便中甲酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.071和P=0.054)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪生长性能、肠道健康及免疫性能的提高具有潜在的促进作用。     

饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化、粪便特征及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对9～24周龄育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化及粪便特征的影响。将600头9周龄平均初始体重为（22.96±0.09）kg的商品猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复40头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1和T2组肥猪分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）,试验共进行15周。结果：与对照组相比,T2组15?w育肥猪体重显著提高4.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组1～15?w育肥猪的平均日增重较对照组分别显著提高3.81%和5.35%（P＜0.05）,饲料报酬分别显著提高4.44%和4.44%（P＜0.05）。T1和T2组育肥猪干物质表观消化率分别较对照组显著提高8.75%和9.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1组育肥猪有机物表观消化率较对照组显著提高了6.13%（P＜0.05）。日粮添加100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌可以显著降低6和15?w育肥猪粪便中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组15?w育肥猪粪便中乳酸杆菌数量也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加100～200?mg/kg饲用枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）可改善9～24周龄育肥猪的饲料报酬,改善干物质表观消化率,降低粪中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量。 [关键词]育肥猪|枯草芽孢杆菌|生长性能|养分消化|粪便特征     

日粮添加牛至提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及胴体性状的影响

试验研究日粮中添加牛至提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、胴体性状的影响.试验选取200头体重接近、健康状态良好的育肥猪,随机分成4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组的育肥猪饲喂额外添加200、400、600 mg/kg牛至提取物的基础日粮.试验期90 d.结果显示,40...     

无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响。选择18 kg左右断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂含抗生素基础饲粮(每千克含黄霉素5 mg),试验组饲喂80%基础饲粮和20%的无抗发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮。试验期154 d。结果表明:1)试验组的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量都显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料重比则显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)试验组中期和后期的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05),而试验组中期和后期的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量的对数值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道食糜中的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组肠道每克黏膜的大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在空肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。5)试验组的粗蛋白质和粗纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,无抗发酵饲料能提高生长育肥猪的生长性能,改善肠道微生物平衡,增强消化能力。     

果寡糖和益生菌及其组合对65～124日龄猪生长性能、养分消化率和直肠微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加果寡糖、复合益生菌制剂及两者组合对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率、直肠微生物区系的影响。选取560头65日龄健康的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复28头猪(公、母各半)。5组分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、金霉素组(基础日粮+0.1%金霉素)、果寡糖组(基础日粮+0.1%的果寡糖)、复合益生菌组(基础日粮+0.02%的复合益生菌)和合生元组(基础日粮+0.1%果寡糖+0.02%复合益生菌)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,果寡糖组、复合益生菌组和合生元组的粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗灰分、有机物和干物质的表观消化率均显著提高;果寡糖组、复合益生菌组和合生元组的直肠细菌多样性高于对照组和金霉素组;在属水平上Streptococcus、Ruminococcaceae和Lactobacillus是育肥猪直肠的主要优势细菌群;Blautia、Ruminococcus gauvreauii group、Catenibacterium和Coprococcus 3与粗蛋白质表观消化率、粗纤维表观消化率、粗灰分表观消化率、有机物表观消化率和干物质表观消化率均为显著负相关;Ruminococcaceae UCG-002、Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group、Ruminococcaceae UCG-010、Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group与粗蛋白质表观消化率、粗纤维表观消化率、粗灰分表观消化率、有机物表观消化率和干物质表观消化率均为显著正相关。综上,果寡糖组和合生元组能改善生长育肥猪的生长性能、提高养分表观消化率。     

日粮中添加发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率和饲料通过消化道时长的影响。选取480头80日龄左右、体况相近的杜花二元杂交育肥猪(♂杜洛克猪×♀广东小耳花猪),随机分为试验组和对照组,每组24个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮的同时,按照猪生长阶段额外添加5%～20%的发酵果渣,饲养试验全期共5个月。结果显示,小猪阶段(25～60 kg阶段,添加5%～10%的发酵果渣),平均日增重无影响,试验组全价料采食量降低6.12%(P>0.05),料重比降低5.57%(P>0.05);中猪阶段(60～80 kg阶段,添加15%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高6.52%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.55%(P>0.05,料重比降低12.90%(P<0.05);大猪阶段(80～100 kg阶段,添加20%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高4.69%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低9.50%(P>0.05),料重比降低12.20%(P<0.05);试验全期,试验组平均日增重提高2.08%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.47%(P>0.05),料重比降低8.62%(P<0.05)。额外添加发酵果渣能不同程度显著性提高杜花二元杂交育肥猪中后期对粗蛋白质的表观消化率,但对钙和磷的吸收具有降低的趋势。额外添加发酵果渣能缩短杜花二元杂交育肥猪前期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05),但能不同程度延长中后期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,在杜花二元杂交育肥猪日粮中额外添加适量的发酵果渣能提高生长性能,降低料重比,且可一定程度上延长饲料在育肥中后期猪消化道内的停留时间,促进猪对日粮中粗蛋白质等营养物质的消化吸收。     

不同颗粒日粮对滩羊育肥羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

旨在探究不同颗粒日粮对育肥羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响.选取体重相近、(70±10)日龄的滩羊羯羔羊60只,随机分为4组:对照组(n=15)、试验Ⅰ组(n=15)、试验Ⅱ组(n=15)、试验Ⅲ组(n=15).对照组饲喂自配全混合日粮(40％自配精饲料+60％自配粗饲料),试验Ⅰ组饲喂50％自配全混合日...     

肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响

本研究目的在于评价在玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肥育猪的利用价值。选取体重约５０ｋｇ的杜×长×大三元杂交猪４０头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为５个组,每组４个重复,分别在饲粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉,依次为：０（对照组）,１０％（试验Ｉ组）,１５％（试验ＩＩ组）,２０％（试验ＩＩＩ组）,２０％＋０．１％纤维素酶（试验ＩＶ 组）,各组主要营养指标相同。测定肥育猪饲喂含不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮后主要生产性能、消化率及血清中主要生化指标的变化。结果表明,１）试验ＩＩ、ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组平均日增重、采食量较对照组明显提高,而试验ＩＩ、ＩＶ 组的料肉比明显降低,因此,添加１５％的苜蓿草粉或２０％的苜蓿草粉＋０．１％ 纤维素酶有利于提高肥育猪的体重及饲料转化率。２）试验Ｉ、ＩＩ组和对照组相比,其干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均不同程度提高;虽然试验ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组上述４项指标的表观消化率和对照组相近或稍高,但试验ＩＶ 组各主要指标优于试验ＩＩＩ组,说明添加１０％和１５％的苜蓿草粉有利于提高营养物质的表观消化率,苜蓿草粉添加至２０％时加纤维素酶对各项指标消化率有改进。３）肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉,降低了其血液甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,升高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。试验证明,在肥育猪饲粮中添加１５％紫花苜蓿草粉对肥育猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的改善有利,苜蓿草粉降低血液胆固醇的功能可能是其中皂苷的作用。     

Effect of fermentation of cereals on the degradation of polysaccharides and other macronutrients in the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs

The main objective of the present investigation was to study the impact of fermentation of cereals on the degradation of polysaccharides and other macronutrients in the small intestine and total tract of growing pigs. Eight pigs (initial BW, 34.5 ± 0.9 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Pigs were cannulated and housed individually in metabolism pens during sample collection. The 4 cereal-based diets were nonfermented liquid barley (NFLB), nonfermented liquid wheat (NFLW), fermented liquid barley (FLB), and fermented liquid wheat (FLW). The fermented feeds were prepared by storing the dietary cereals (barley and wheat) and water [1:2.75 (wt/wt)] in a closed tank at 25 °C for 2 d, after which 50% of the volume was removed and replaced with an equal amount of fresh cereals and water after each afternoon meal. At the time of feeding (0730 and 1430 h), the remaining dietary ingredients were added. Water was added to the dry nonfermented feeds [1:1 (wt/wt)] immediately before feeding. The fermentation process reduced the amount of DM in both cereals (P<0.001), whereas the amount of DM was similar (P=0.626) between the fermented cereals. There was an interaction of cereal and treatment for ileal flow of DM (P=0.014), OM (P=0.013), and protein (P=0.006), which were less in pigs fed the NFLB than the FLB diets, but unchanged in pigs fed the NFLW and FLW diets. Conversely, the ileal flow of protein was similar (P=0.605) in pigs fed the barley diets (average, 47.5 ± 1.7 g/kg of DMI) and increased with the FLW diet compared with the NFLW diet (43 vs. 35 g/kg of DMI, respectively). Ileal fat and CH(2)O digestibilities were 7.6 (P=0.002) and 8.9% (P<0.001) greater, respectively, when pigs were fed wheat compared with the barley-based diets, and the ileal digestibility of CH(2)O was greater when pigs were fed the fermented than nonfermented diets (86.5 vs. 84.5%, respectively; P<0.001). Fermentation reduced (P<0.0001) the fecal excretion of DM, OM, and protein in pigs fed the barley diet, but not when fed the wheat-based diet (P=0.305). Fermentation had no effect (P=0.243) on the fecal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides in either of the cereals but their digestibility was 10.0% greater (P<0.001) in pigs fed wheat than the barley-based diets. In conclusion, fermentation of cereal before feeding altered the dietary composition and influenced flow and composition of polysaccharides and other macronutrients at the ileum and in feces to a larger extent for barley than wheat.     

Microbial and nutritional aspects of feeding fermented feed (poultry by‐products) to pigs

Summary

Broiler by‐products (heads, feet, and viscera) mixed with 4% dextrose were pasteurized for 4 min at 90°C core temperature, cooled to 20°C, and fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum as starter culture. These fermented poultry by‐products were fed to 12 individually housed fattening pigs as part (17.6% of the dry matter) of their fattening ration, the remainder composed of compound pig feed. Control pigs received a compound pig feed only. Both groups of pigs were fed restrictively on the basis of body weight. The technical results of the pigs fed the experimental diet showed a significantly improved feed:gain ratio (2.46 vs 2.57), a significantly higher carcass weight (86.1 vs 81.8 kg), a lower meat percentage (50.9 vs 52.5%) and an increased backfat thickness (21.5 vs 18.7%). The bacterial flora in the intestinal tract of the pigs fed the experimental diet differed significantly from the control animals. Decreased colony counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and lactobacilli were found in the rectal content and the prevalence of salmonella was lower.

It is suggested that the improved feed:gain ratio and the reduced bacterial activity of the measured groups of bacteria is a result of 1) the higher energy content of the diet, and(or) 2) an assumed enhanced digestibility of nutritional components in the diet, and(or) 3) the lower incidence of diarrhea in the pigs fed with fermented poultry by‐products. This resulted in a lower contamination level of enteropathogenic bacteria like, salmonella and Escherichia coli, in the gastro‐intestinal tract of the pigs fed fermented poultry by‐products.     

发酵构树饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同比例发酵构树饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响.试验选取35日龄、体重为(7.4±1.1)kg的健康断奶仔猪216头,随机分为Ⅰ(对照)、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,每组3个重复,每个重复18头仔猪.其中,Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组饲喂3％发酵构树饲料+97％基础饲粮;Ⅲ组饲喂6％发酵构树...     

饲喂模式对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物组成的影响

本试验旨在探究不同饲喂模式对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物组成的影响。选择120头平均初始体重(26.0±0.4)kg的生长猪(公、母各半),按体重和性别随机分为自由采食组(FA)和限制饲喂频率组(每天饲喂3次,M3),每个处理10个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验期共28 d。结果表明:M3组平均日采食量和耗料增重比均显著低于FA组(P<0.05);饲喂模式的改变对养分表观全肠道消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);M3组血浆尿素氮和游离脂肪酸水平显著低于FA组(P<0.05),而胰岛素水平显著高于FA组(P<0.05);饲喂模式对猪粪便微生物组成有一定影响,在门水平上,M3组拟杆菌门丰度显著低于FA组(P<0.05),柔膜菌门和疣微菌门丰度显著高于FA组(P<0.05);在属水平上,M3组Prevotellaceae_UCG-003、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010、Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Coprostanoligenes_group的丰度显著高于FA组(P <0.05),而Selenomonas、Roseburia、Prevotella_2、Prevotella_7、Prevotella_9、Anaerovibrio和Alloprevotella的丰度显著低于FA组(P<0.05)。综上,饲喂模式对生长猪养分消化率无显著影响,限制饲喂频率可改变肠道微生物组成并改善生长猪饲料报酬。     

多营养源饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究多营养源饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响,探索使用非常规饲料原料配制饲粮的可能性。试验选取日龄相近、体重在(41.06±1.43)kg的"杜长大"生长猪48头,随机分配到2个组,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(对照组)和多营养源饲粮(试验组),每组12个重复,每个重复2头猪。生长阶段试验期为42 d,育肥阶段待猪体重达120 kg时,每个组选择5头猪进行屠宰并测定肉品质。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组试验猪平均日采食量提高了7.76%(P0.05),平均日增重、料重比和能量摄入量均无显著差异(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,试验组钙、磷、能量、粗蛋白质、粗灰分和干物质的表观消化率显著降低(P0.05),粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著差异(P0.05);3)与对照组相比,饲喂多营养源饲粮显著提高了试验猪血清谷丙转氨酶的活性(P0.05),但对其余血清生化指标均无显著影响(P0.05);4)与对照组相比,饲喂多营养源饲粮对猪肉品质及背最长肌肌内脂肪和蛋白质含量无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可知:在本试验条件下,饲喂以非常规饲料原料为主的多营养源饲粮降低了生长育肥猪营养物质表观消化率,但对其生长性能和肉品质无负面影响。     

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Gogu valley) protein as a novel antimicrobial agent in weanling pigs

A total of 280 weaned pigs (Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc) were used in a 28-d growth study to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of potato proteins on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response, small intestinal morphology, and bacterial populations in feces and large intestine. Pigs (initially 6.42 +/- 0.74 kg of BW and 23 +/- 3 d of age) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments on the basis of BW, each treatment composed of 4 pens, each pen having 14 pigs. Dietary treatments included positive control (PC; basal diet + 150 mg/kg apramycin and 10 mg/ kg colistin sulfate); and potato protein (PP), consisting of the basal diet with 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75% of potato protein. Diets were fed in 2 phases: phase I (d 0 to 14 postweaning) and phase 2 (d 14 to 28 postweaning). Potato protein was extracted from a value-added type of the new potato variety, Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Gogu valley, and was shown to have a minimum inhibitory concentration of 300 to 500 mug/mL. Performance of PC was compared with 0.25 to 0.75% PP, whereas linear and quadratic trends of increasing PP (0 to 0.75% PP) were tested. Over the 28-d trial, pigs fed the PC diets showed improved overall ADG (P < 0.05) and G:F (P = 0.090) compared with pigs fed PP, whereas increasing levels of PP linearly improved ADG (P < 0.05), ADFI (P = 0.052), and G:F (P = 0.098). The digestibility of DM and CP in both the phases was greater in PC than PP, and feeding of PP linearly improved the DM digestibility (P < 0.05) in phase II. The bacterial populations in the feces of pigs fed PC and PP were comparable, except for total bacteria and coliform bacteria in the feces at d 14 and 28, which were decreased in PC; and feeding of PP was effective in linearly reducing the populations of microbes in feces and contents of cecum, colon, and rectum. There was linear increase (P < 0.10) in skin-fold thickness in response to phytohemagglutinin with an increase in PP levels. Haemagglutinin titers on d 21 were greater (P = 0.054) in PC, and at d 28 the haemagglutinin titers were quadratically affected in pigs fed PP (P = 0.070). There was a trend toward a decrease in crypt depth (P = 0.068) and a greater villus height:crypt depth ratio (P = 0.082) of ileum in PC compared with PP. These results suggest that PP may be an alternative to medicated feed with antibiotics because it showed antimicrobial activity by effectively reducing the population of coliform bacteria and also improved the performance of weanling pigs.     

曲霉发酵豆粕对育成猪磷代谢的影响

选用8周龄的二元杂交育成猪15头(平均体重23.6 kg),随机分为3组,每组5头,采用全收粪法比较了饲喂曲霉(Aspergillus usami)发酵豆粕和普通豆粕对育成猪磷及其他营养成分的消化率。结果表明,发酵豆粕组育成猪磷消化率显著高于普通豆粕组,同时,粗蛋白质消化率也得到明显改善。试验结果提示,饲喂曲霉(Aspergillus usami)发酵的豆粕不仅可以提高育成猪磷和蛋白质的消化率,而且可以降低磷和氮的排泄量。