家兔初乳溶菌酶含量测定

采用琼脂平板法测定家兔初乳溶菌酶含量。结果表明,初乳溶菌酶含量为（７．９６±２．０１） μｇ／ｍ Ｌ,常乳溶菌酶含量（５．０１±１．３２）μｇ／ｍ Ｌ,两者比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

家兔初乳免疫球蛋白和补体含量测定

用琼脂单项免疫扩散法测定家兔初乳免疫球蛋白和补体含量。结果表明,初乳中免疫球蛋白和补体Ｃ３的含量极显著高于常乳（Ｐ＜０．０１）,补体Ｃ４的含量显著高于常乳（Ｐ＜０．０５）;初乳中免疫球蛋白和补体含量于产后２天达到高峰。     

初乳凝集效价的测定

我的“新生骡溶血病治验”一文,在《贵州畜牧兽医》,1995年第4期发表后,收到不少读者来信,询问初乳凝集效价测定的有关问题.现借贵刊一角,将我临床所用方法,予以介绍.也算是与同行志士商榷,对测定初乳凝集效价方法的抛砖引玉吧!     

实验性脾虚证大鼠血浆胃泌素和胃动素含量变化及四君子汤对其调整作用

通过大鼠肌肉注射利血平的方法复制了脾虚证动物模型，并应用四君子汤治疗反证，研究了脾虚证大鼠血浆胃泌素（GAS）和胃动素（MOT）的含量变化。结果表明，脾虚证大鼠血浆GAS和MOT含量显著降低，与对照组和四君子汤治疗组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01），对照组与四君子汤治疗组之间GAS和MOT的变化无明显差异（P＜0．05）；脾虚时的消化吸收机能障碍和胃肠动力学的改变与GAS和MOT的分泌减少密切相关；四君子汤能够提高血浆GAS和MOT含量，有效地改善脾虚证的胃肠功能。     

重视生产性能测定提高家兔选育质量——关于开展家兔测定工作的一点思考

１开展家兔测定势在必行家兔测定是现代家兔育种的重要标志之一,是家兔育种中一项不可缺少的基础性工作,也是兔种质量监督的基本手段。家兔测定结果是制定品种标准、确定选育方案、建立良种繁育体系的定性定量依据。在测定的基础上,进行系统的选育,并改进饲养方法,尤...     

家兔脾虚证模型血浆胃泌素和胰高血糖素研究

家兔脾虚证模型血浆胃泌素和胰高血糖素研究魏彦明（甘肃农业大学兽医系，兰州７３００７０）翟自明（中国农科院中兽医研究所）胃肠道激素是近年来内分泌学中发展迅速的领域之一，在调节某些全身性的生理病理变化中起着重要作用。为了探讨脾虚证与胃肠道激素的关系，本实...     

荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量特征及影响因素分析

为探究荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量特征及其影响因素,本研究收集了北京地区某牛场2016年6月—2018年6月共1 257头荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量数据及对应的奶牛生产性能测定数据,利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析胎次、产犊季节和产犊年份对初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量的影响。结果表明:北京地区荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值为24.25%,初乳产量为6.52 kg,该试验场初乳品质较好;不同胎次、产犊季节和产犊年份对初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量均有显著影响;初乳白利糖度值随胎次增加总体呈逐渐增加的趋势,5胎及以上的初乳白利糖度值最高;初乳产量随胎次增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,4胎时初乳产量最高。综上,荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值对分娩母牛的胎次和产犊年份、季节等生理和环境因素的变化较为敏感。     

牛初乳免疫球蛋白(IgG)的测定

实验用两种方法测定了牛初乳中IgG的含量 ,并对结果进行了比较。结果表明 :第 1天初乳中IgG含量最高 ,为43 2 7mg/ml,之后迅速递减 ,到第 6天基本降至常乳水平。两种方法测定的结果之间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但免疫比浊测定法稳定 ,重复性好 ,精确度高。     

Evaluation of Brix Refractometry for the Estimation of Colostrum Quality in Jennies

Donkey placenta does not allow the passage of immunoglobulins; thus, foals are born hypogammaglobulinemic and an adequate intake of high-quality colostrum in the first 24 hours of life is crucial for the surviving. The study aims to assess the relation between colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration evaluated by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) test and the Brix refractometer in donkeys to establish a cutoff value for high quality of colostrum based on Brix refractometry. Colostrum was collected at foaling, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after foaling from the left and the right half of nine Amiata jennies. A total of 72 colostrum samples were analyzed. A Friedman test with a Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons was used for assessing the differences between the left and right half at each sampling time. No differences were found between the left and right halves; the average value was used to analyze the effect of sampling time on the IgG concentrations and Brix values. The relationship between colostrum IgG concentrations (SRID test) versus Brix value and Brix value versus time was analyzed using two different mixed linear models. A strong statistically significant relation has been found between IgG concentrations and Brix values (R² = 0.84). The relation between IgG concentrations and Brix refractometer showed a cutoff point of 17% Brix score for the identification of high-quality colostrum. The Brix value (%) decreased continuously from 16.29 by 0.29 × hour. Jennies’ and donkey foals’ management may be greatly improved using this simple and cheap device.     

东营某规模猪场仔猪的初乳管理试验

在现代规模化猪场中,高产母猪每胎所产仔猪数往往超过其有效哺乳头数目,而初乳对于新生仔猪来说又非常重要,仔猪能否及时吃上初乳决定着仔猪能否健康生长,因此做好仔猪的初乳管理尤为重要。文章做了人工灌服初乳和仔猪随机获取初乳的对比试验。试验结果表明进行初乳管理对于提高仔猪的断奶重,降低仔猪死亡率以及增加仔猪体内的抗体等方面都具有实际意义。初乳管理可使所有新生仔猪均可得到足够的初乳,增加仔猪断奶重量,提高仔猪福利水平。     

Colostrum production by primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows and its usefulness as an estimator of full lactation milk yield

This study determined colostrum production of lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, as well as the predictability of full lactation milk yield based upon this colostrum production. Holstein cows that calved between December 18, 2006 and December 24, 2007 (n = 134) had their first two post-partum milkings weighed and assayed for density. Cows then entered normal production groups and were assessed for milk yield and milk components every 4 or 5 weeks for the duration of their lactation. Primiparous cows produced less colostrum (10.6 versus 13.6 kg; P = 0.02) and density adjusted (DA) colostrum (5.2 versus 8.5 kg; P < 0.01), but there were no differences in estimated 305 day mature equivalent (305ME) milk production (mean = 13,654 kg) or lactation lengths (mean = 301 days) between parities. Colostrum and DA colostrum were poor estimators of subsequent 305ME milk production within primiparous cows (r² = 0.20 and 0.01 respectively) and multiparous cows (r² = 0.18 and 0.12 respectively). Colostrum production of these high producing cows was somewhat lower than expected, highly variable among cows within parity, higher for multiparous versus primiparous cows, and was not a good estimator of subsequent 305ME milk production.     

胚胎及新生期蛋鸡和肉鸡垂体生长激素基因表达的比较研究

本文采用Northern杂交分析法研究了14胚龄、18胚龄、1日龄、5日龄及10日龄肉鸡和蛋鸡垂体生长激素的基因表达，同时采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定了垂体内生长激素的含量。结果表明：14胚龄时在肉鸡和蛋鸡垂体总RNA中均未出生长激素mRNA(GH mRNA)。从18胚龄开始可检测出一条0.8kb的GHmRNA，并且垂体GHmRNA水平的发育性变化在品种间呈现不同的规律：蛋鸡从18胚龄到10日龄垂体GHmRNA水平不断升高，日龄间差异显著（P＜0.05）。肉鸡从18胚龄到出壳1日龄，GHmRNA水平有较大幅度的升高，但从1日龄至10日龄维持在1日龄时的水平。18胚龄肉鸡垂体GH mRNA水平显著高于蛋鸡（P＜0.05），并在1日龄和5日龄均维持在较高水平，与生长速度呈正相关；而10日龄时垂体HGmRNA水平的品种差异发生逆转，蛋鸡GHmRNA水平反而高于肉鸡。垂体HG含量的发育性变化趋势与垂体HGmRNA水平相一致，10日龄时蛋鸡垂体GH含量显著高于肉鸡（P＜0.05），与生长速度呈相反的趋。     

A Field Study of Serum,Colostrum, Milk Iodine,and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Postpartum Draft Mares and Foals

Iodine, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are required for normal fetal growth, maturation, and neonatal survival. There is a lack of robust information on iodine levels found in colostrum, milk, and serum of mares and foals after a healthy pregnancy. Our objective was to characterize colostrum, milk, and serum iodine levels in healthy postpartum mares and foals (n = 10) and explore relationships with thyroid hormone concentrations. Colostrum, milk, and jugular blood samples from draft breed mares and foals with an estimated average iodine daily intake of 39 mg per mare during pregnancy were obtained at Day 0 (foaling date) and/or 10 days later. Parameters studied were (1) mare basal concentrations of serum: TT3, TT4, and iodine; (2) iodine in colostrum at Day 0 and milk iodine (Day 10); and (3) foal basal: TT3, TT4, and serum iodine (Days 0 and 10). Median ± median error colostrum iodine levels (165 ± 15.1 μg/L) were higher than milk (48 ± 5.6 μg/L; P = .007) levels. Median ± median error foal serum iodine (268.5 ± 7.6 μg/L), TT4 (1,225 ± 47.8 nmol/L), and TT3 (14.2 ± 1.1 nmol/L) at foaling date were higher than at 10 days (serum iodine: 70 ± 3.6 μg/L; TT4: 69.6. ± 20.4 nmol/L; and TT3: 5.4 ± 0.3 nmol/L). In conclusion, equine mammary tissue concentrates iodine beyond plasma levels, making colostrum and milk a significant source of iodine. Foal serum iodine levels are high in the neonatal period and are positively correlated with TT4, which is important for neonatal adaptation.     

中国家兔超数排卵问题的研究

为探讨我国有关家兔超数排卵问题的相关研究现状和研究成果,利用回顾性研究方法,对我国1989～2007年11月间发表的有关家兔超数排卵问题相关论文的分布、内容进行研究分析。包括：20年来我国发表相关论文的年代分布;主要研究单位分布的地区和省份;论文相对集中发表的杂志分布。超排影响因素涉及家兔体重、品种、年龄、及不同的超排程序、超排试剂、试剂剂量和不同超排试剂组合等。结果显示：我国有关家兔超数排卵研究论文,近10年比上世纪90年代有成倍增加,集中在2003年和2005年;研究单位主要分布在四川、重庆、江苏、黑龙江等省;养兔专业杂志发表论文占17．8％,全国性畜牧兽医和实验动物等相关杂志占31．1％,其余51．1％论文散在发表于各省级相关科研杂志和地区性大学的学报。研究表明：母兔的体重、品种和年龄均影响超排：不同发情阶段和不同季节也有一定影响;重复超排差异不显著：众多家兔超排方案中,建议条件许可时优选FSH×2×3＋hCG（100IU）方案和FSH＋PVP方案。