番茄品种对ToMV抗性与氧化酶活性的关系研究

测定了6个不同抗性番茄品种接种ToMV两周后POD、PPO和PAL活性,以及POD同工酶酶谱的变化。结果表明：抗、感病品种接种ToMV后POD、PPO和PAL活性均比相应未接种株高,而且POD、PPO和PAL的酶活增长率与抗病性成负相关;感病品种接种株的POD同工酶谱带数都比相应未接种株多出2条酶带,而抗病品种只增加了1条酶带。     

冬小麦不同发育时期过氧化物酶同工酶研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对 18个冬小麦品种 4个发育期的POD同工酶进行了研究 ,发现在不同发育时期冬小麦根和叶POD同工酶酶谱均有不同程度的变化。返青期根POD同工酶谱变化较明显 ,在A区增加 1条RA1酶带 ,在C区增加 1条RC1酶带 ,而其他发育期无这 2条酶带或只有痕迹带 ;拔节期叶POD同工酶谱C区酶带比其他发育期多 1条LC1酶带 ;同时发现根RC4 酶带、叶LC5酶带在 4个发育期均较为稳定 ,表现为一级带 ;A区的RA2 酶带也较为稳定 ,在不同发育期均表现为二级带 ;冬小麦 18个品种间POD同工酶谱无明显差异     

不同抗性小麦品种受白粉菌侵染前后PPO、POD活性变化

采用比色法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法,对3个不同抗性小麦品种感染白粉菌后,其过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及其同工酶的变化进行了比较研究.结果表明,接种前免疫品种POD活性明显高于中抗和感病品种,接种后三者POD活性均有先升高后下降的趋势.不同抗性品种接种前PPO活性无明显差异,接种后PPO活性峰值出现时间有明显差异,免疫、中抗、高感品种分别在接种1、2、3 d达最高峰.叶片同工酶电泳分析结果表明:免疫品种接菌后,POD条带的数目没有变化,只是出现酶活性的差异;而中抗和感病品种在接菌前后的同工酶谱带出现增减;不同抗性品种PPO条带数目和相对活性均表现出明显差异.表明,POD、PPO与植物的抗病性密切相关.     

利用POX同工酶测定谷子(粟)品种对黑穗病的抗性

采用箱栽方法种植 12个抗病性不同的谷子品种 ,分析了芽苗过氧化物酶 (POX)活性及同工酶的变化。结果证明 ,对黑穗病免疫的品种接菌后POX活性平均提高 2 2 8%。越是易感病的品种接菌后POX活性提高得越多。感病品种平均提高 71 6 % ,高感品种平均提高 95 0 %。同工酶酶谱 ,免疫品种接菌后不变 ,越是易感病的品种接菌后酶谱变化越大。二维排序 ,免疫品种接菌与不接菌的两个点落在同一点上或附近 ,d值平均为 3 1。易感病品种的两点相去甚远 ,其中 ,感病品种平均d值 12 2 ;高感品种平均d值 13 2。采用芽苗POX同工酶测定谷子品种抗黑穗病性 ,简便快速     

酯酶同工酶标记鉴定加拿大披碱草和老芒麦的杂种后代纯度研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳对加拿大披碱草和老芒麦及其杂种F1、F2的酯酶同工酶(EST)做了比较分析,结果表明,亲本加拿大披碱草和老芒麦的同工酶可明显区分为A、B两个区,共有4条相同位点的酶带,为亲本的基带。从酶蛋白分子水平验证出亲缘关系相对较近;杂种F1主要表现为互补双亲的酶带类型,同时还丢失了部分双亲的酶带,证明F1是真正的杂种,杂种F1的同工酶谱有偏向母本遗传的倾向;亲本与杂种F1的酶谱表型均有一定的差异;杂种F2代的同工酶谱条带主要表现为它的大多数条带与亲本F1的相同,其他部分条带表现出了一定的差异,但差异较小,同时还丢失了部分亲本F1的酶带,结合表型性状,证明F2是F1自交产生的后代。F2代的EST同工酶谱既继承了亲本部分的性状,又表现出了一定的变异性。同工酶具有多态性,可作为遗传标记用于杂种鉴定和目标性状植物的检测。     

不同品种花生接种条纹病毒后叶片内过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的变化

对３个感病程度不同的花生品种的研究表明，接种后各品种花生植株叶片内ＰＯＤ活性明显提高，随着症状的出现，ＰＯＤ表现出显著的活性高峰，并出现了４条新的同工酶带，而原有的１条迁移率为０．３８的谱带消失。接种初期，花生叶片内ＳＯＤ活性有所提高，但高感品种接种８ｄ后ＳＯＤ活性低于健康对照，而耐病品种接种后１２ｄ才略低于对照。各处理之间ＳＯＤ同工酶谱带数相同，发病株的迁移率为０．４１的谱带较弱。     

陆地棉和海岛棉的黄萎病抗性遗传研究

以3个海岛棉品种和5个陆地棉品种配制的23个正反交组合的四个分离群体(F1、F2、BC1和BC2)为材料,以中等致病力的安阳菌系接种,研究陆地棉和海岛棉黄萎病抗性的遗传规律。结果表明,海岛棉品种间杂交,F2和BC2抗病和感病单株的分离比例均符合3∶1和1∶1,其黄萎病抗性是由一个显性基因控制;陆地棉品种间F2和BC2的抗病和感病单株的分离比例也均符合3∶1和1∶1,其黄萎病抗性也是由一个显性基因控制。用海岛棉抗病品种与陆地棉抗病品种进行种间杂交,其F2和BC2的抗病株均在95%以上,而用海岛棉抗病品种与陆地棉感病品种进行杂交,其F2和BC2抗病株和感病株的分离比例符合3∶1和1∶1,表明海岛棉和陆地棉的黄萎病抗病基因可能位于同一基因位点。     

不同品种花生接种条纹病毒后叶片内过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的 …

对３个感病程度不同的花生品种的研究表明,接种后各花生植叶片内ＰＯＤ活性明显提高,随着状的出现,ＰＯＤ表现出显著的活性高峰,并出现了４条新的同工酶带,而原有１条迁移率为０．３８的谱带消失。接种在对晚疫病菌菌株的花生叶片内ＳＯＤ活性有所提高,但高感品种接各８ｄ后ＳＯＤ活性低于健康对照,而耐病品种接利后１２ｄ才略低于对照各处理之间ＳＯＤ同工酶谱带数相同,发病株的迁移率为０．４１的谱带较弱。     

用同工酶电泳快速鉴定甜瓜品种的真实性与纯度研究

以9个甜瓜品种的种子为材料,利用同工酶PAGE电泳分析技术对甜瓜品种的真实性与纯度进行鉴定。对酯酶同工酶、过氧化物同工酶、乙醇脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酯酶的电泳结果表明,甜瓜种子中酯酶同工酶的多态性较多,乙醇脱氢酶仅有一条谱带,过氧化物同工酶、酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶均无谱带,不同的同工酶图谱间均无特异性谱带,因此,种子同工酶电泳法不适于鉴定甜瓜父母本和杂交种的品种纯度。     

用同工酶电泳快速鉴定甜瓜品种的

以9个甜瓜品种的种子为材料,利用同工酶PAGE电泳分析技术对甜瓜品种的真实性与纯度进行鉴定.对酯酶同工酶、过氧化物同工酶、乙醇脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酯酶的电泳结果表明,甜瓜种子中酯酶同工酶的多态性较多,乙醇脱氢酶仅有一条谱带,过氧化物同工酶、酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶均无谱带,不同的同工酶图谱间均无特异性谱带,因此,种子同工酶电泳法不适于鉴定甜瓜父母本和杂交种的品种纯度.     

棉花黄萎病抗性与过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用等电聚焦电泳方法 ,对棉花二对抗黄萎病近等基因系以及三对色素腺体近等基因系的子叶进行过氧化物同工酶 (POD)分析。结果表明 ,色素腺体和棉酚含量与棉花抗性没有必然的联系 ;环境条件对棉花抗性表现有一定的影响 ,但对子叶中 POD同工酶谱带无显著的影响 ;4条 POD同工酶酶带 (P4、P6、P7、P10 )的表现与棉花抗黄萎病性有关 ,这些酶带的特殊表现可用于棉花抗病性辅助鉴定和辅助育种     

陆地棉植株组织结构和生化代谢与黄萎病抗性的关系

通过对8个陆地棉品种的植株组织结构、酶活性和根系分泌物的比较分析,研究陆地棉黄萎病抗性机制。研究结果表明,陆地棉抗病品种根和茎的导管细胞壁厚、直径小、数目多,髓射线数目多、单位面积薄壁细胞数多,有助于抵御棉花黄萎病菌的侵入与扩展。过氧化物酶（POD）活性与棉花抗黄萎病的关系不明显,但苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL     

棉花不同生育期SOD同工酶与品种抗黄萎病性相关性的研究

凝胶电泳测定不同棉花品种子叶期、４叶期、蕾期、铃期、吐絮期等５个不同生育期的叶片内ＳＯＤ同工酶,结果其谱带数目相应为４、８、８、４、３,随着棉花的生育进程,ＳＯＤ同工酶活性由弱一强一弱。在棉花生长前期子叶期、４叶期,抗、感黄萎病品种之间,接菌与不接菌棉株间,ＳＯＤ同工酶谱活性差异不明显;在蕾期,虽然品种间的ＳＯＤ同工酶谱活性差异不明显,但接菌的棉株Ｅ１、Ｅ５、Ｅ６三条酶带活性强于不接菌棉株,Ｅ３活性则相反;在铃期,抗、耐品种较感病品种Ｅ２谱带活性强,接菌棉株较不接菌棉株增加一条Ｅ３ｂ谱带。感病品种泗棉２号上显症棉株叶片体内ＳＯＤ同工酶较无病症叶增加一条Ｅ４酶带;不同病级的叶片内,ＳＯＤ同工酶的活性差异不大。至吐絮期,不同品种棉株及显症叶与无病叶间的ＳＯＤ酶活性又趋相同。     

中棉所12的黄萎病抗性遗传与育种应用研究

 以2个海岛棉品种和5个陆地棉品种为材料与中棉所12进行正反交,配制14个杂交组合的F₁和F₂ 。采用纸钵育苗,撕底伤根接种方法对14个组合的F₁和F₂群体进行黄萎病抗性鉴定。结果表明,以中棉所12作父本与海岛棉抗黄萎病品种或陆地棉抗黄萎病品种进行杂交,F₂抗（耐）病株与感病株的分离符合3：1的分离规律,说明海岛棉的抗黄萎病性对于中棉所12的耐黄萎病性为显性,中棉所12的耐黄萎病性对于陆地棉的感黄萎病性为显性,控制黄萎病抗性的基因为一个显性主基因。然而,以中棉所12为母本与海岛棉品种、抗病陆地棉品种和感病陆地棉品种进行杂交,F₂群体中90%以上的个体为抗病类型,说明中棉所12的细胞质中存在着抗黄萎病的遗传成分,具有细胞质母体遗传的特点,在棉花抗黄萎病育种中具有重要的利用价值。     

小麦抗白粉病生化标记--过氧化物酶pⅠ 6.1酶带

采用等电聚焦凝胶电泳比较了抗、感白粉病小麦品种的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱,发现抗、感品种之间的叶片过氧化物酶同工酶pⅠ6.1酶带(位于过氧化物酶同工酶等电聚焦凝胶电泳酶谱pⅠ6.1)在拔节期至白粉病发生期表现水平有很大差别.抗病品种中编码pⅠ6.1酶带的基因终生正常表达,该酶带在小麦全生育期均有较强的活性,染色后着色深,多属一级酶带.而该基因的表达在感病品种拔节之后受到抑制,酶带变得模糊不清甚至消失踪迹,多为三级、零级酶带.感染白粉病之后酶活性才回升,再度表现为一、二级酶带.为了探索造成这一差异的原因,比较了119株抗病品种与感品种杂交F2代和65株抗病品种/感病品种//感病品种的BC1代植株叶片过氧化物酶同工酶IEF酶谱,证明感病品种成株的pⅠ6.1酶带活性下降是因另一隐性基因所至.     

棉花黄萎病及抗病育种研究进展

 介绍了黄萎病病菌致病机理、棉花黄萎病抗病机理及棉花抗黄萎病育种研究的现状,从不同的方面分析了制约棉花抗黄萎病育种研究的因素,提出了加快抗黄萎病育种研究进程的对策和建议。     

Mechanism of Verticillium Wilt Stress Affecting Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Cotton Seedlings

[Objective] The goal of this experiment was to study the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cotton seedlings, and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt at the seedling stage and the establishment of Verticillium wilt control techniques. [Method] Zhongzhimian 2 (Verticillium wilt resistant cultivar, ZZM-2) and Jimian 11 (Verticillium wilt susceptible cultivar, JM-11) were selected. Verticillium dahliae was inoculated at the two true leaves stage. The photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the last fully expanded young leaves were measured at 6 d after inoculation. [Result] (1) Under the stress of Verticillium wilt, the leaf area per plant, leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of cotton seedlings decreased, and the decreases in ZZM-2 were smaller than those in JM-11. (2) The decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and increased stomatal limitation value in the two test materials indicated that the decrease in Pn was mainly caused by stomatal limitation, and the decrease in chlorophyll a in ZZM-2 was smaller than the decrease in chlorophyll b, whereas the opposite trend was observed in JM-11. (3) The light response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were increased and theCO₂ response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were decreased, but all parameters in JM-11 were decreased. For ZZM-2, the potential photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y_NPQ) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (Y_NO) were increased slightly and the actual photochemical efficiency (Y_II) was decreased slightly, but the differences in these four indexes between diseased plants and healthy plants was not significant; however, the variable fluorescence yield (F_v) was significantly decreased. For JM-11, F_v, Fv/F_m, Y_II and Y_NPQ were significantly decreased, and Y_NO was significantly increased. (4) F_v/F_m in leaf lesion sites decreased, but that in non-lesion sites did not decline or even showed a slight increase. [Conclusion] Verticillium wilt resistant cultivars with higher photosynthetic capacity and carbon assimilation ability could reduce the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and reduce the impacts on cotton yield and quality.     

Creation of a New Resistant Germplasm to Verticillium Wilt by Distant Hybridization in Upland Cotton

To create new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt in upland cotton, 65 distant hybridization germplasm lines (DHGLs) in upland cotton genetic background were cultivated by interspecific hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum and wild species including G. anomalum, G. armourianum, G. aridum, G. raimondii, G. mustelinum, interspecific F₁ backcrossing with G. hirsutum for four generations, and selfing for four generations, followed by a conventional breeding program. The results of agronomic trait identification during 2011-2012 indicated that average plant heights of DHGLs were closely similar to commercial cultivars of upland cotton, while average fruit branches, fruit nodes, bolls of DHGLs individual plant were lower than those in commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Average single boll weight and lint percentage of DHGLs were lower than commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Fiber length, strength, fineness and maturity of DHGLs were reasonably collocated. Fiber of most lines was suitable for spinning extra high count yarn, but the main fiber quality indices of commercial cultivars of upland cotton were not well coordinated. Identification of resistance to Verticillium wilt in defoliation disease nursery during 2012-2013 indicated that five DHGLs resistant to Verticillium wilt . Suyuan 040, Suyuan 045 and Suyuan 061 were highly resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 8.33, 4.35 and 7.79, respectively. Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 12.35 and 13.70, respectively. The genetic relationship of new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt were traced and showed that Suyuan 040 and Suyuan 045 were DHGLs of G. raimondii, Suyuan 061 was DHGL of G.mustelinum, Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were DHGLs of G. aridum.     

棉花种间杂交渐渗系抗黄萎病性状遗传分析

利用抗黄萎病棉花种间渐渗系冀79作父本,高感病陆地棉品系1096作母本,配制杂交组合。感病对照、亲本及F1、F2在田间混生病圃鉴定。对亲本、F1及F2分离群体的抗性表现进行调查、统计,分析该抗源抗黄萎病性状的遗传方式,结果表明,该抗源抗性是由1个显性抗(耐)病基因和2个加性基因共同起作用,其中加性基因起主要作用。并且2个加性基因是独立遗传的,当2个加性基因同时存在并且纯合时,植株表现为高抗;当2个加性基因同时存在并且杂合时,植株表现为抗病;当只有1个加性基因存在时,不论纯合还是杂合,植株都表现为耐病;当2个加性基因不存在时,植株表现为感病。