盐胁迫对牧草型菊苣种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度的盐溶液处理牧草型菊苣品种“欧洲”“将军”“玲珑”“普那”“哈哈草”和“斯巴达”种子,测定发芽率和发芽势等指标,探讨6个菊苣品种种子的耐盐特性。结果表明,种子萌发阶段耐盐性为：“将军”>“哈哈草”>“普那”>“玲珑”>“斯巴达”>“欧洲”;而幼苗期耐盐性为：“将军”>“玲珑”>“普那”>“欧洲”>“哈哈草”>“斯巴达”。综合耐盐性依次为“将军”>“普那”>“玲珑”>“哈哈草”>“欧洲”>“斯巴达”。本研究可为菊苣在盐碱地区的种植与利用提供理论依据。     

盐胁迫对松果菊生长及其菊苣酸含量的影响

为了探讨盐胁迫对松果菊生长及其药用成分菊苣酸含量的影响,分别以0、30、60、90、120和150 mmol?L-1的NaCl处理土培的松果菊植株,并测定处理后的松果菊盐害指数、鲜重、干重以及菊苣酸含量。结果表明：盐害指数随着盐浓度的升高而升高;120 mmol?L-1及以下浓度的NaCl处理对松果菊鲜重影响并不明显,而150 mmol?L-1时则使鲜重显著降低;随着盐浓度的升高,松果菊干重呈逐渐减小的趋势;菊苣酸含量随盐浓度的升高呈先升高再下降的趋势,在90 mmol?L-1时达到最大值;菊苣酸的单株产量在盐浓度为0~60 mmol?L-1时无显著变化,在90 mmol?L-1时显著升高,之后显著降低。盐胁迫虽然对松果菊生长产生了一定的盐害作用,但在一定的盐浓度范围内（0~90 mmol?L-1）也同时提高了菊苣酸的含量水平。     

盐胁迫对台湾海桐幼苗光合生理及离子吸收的影响

为了解台湾海桐在盐胁迫下生长减弱的光合机理,通过温室盆栽的方法,设置0、6、9、12、15 g/kg 5个盐浓度,处理1年生台湾海桐实生苗,胁迫2个月后,对其主要光合参数、含水率变化及离子吸收与运输等指标进行测定。结果表明：随着盐浓度的升高,台湾海桐叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均显著下降,胞间CO₂浓度则缓慢升高,气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)均缓慢降低;随着盐浓度的升高,台湾海桐根部含水率降低,地上部分含水率升高;盐胁迫下,台湾海桐受Na⁺和Cl^-毒害严重,对K⁺和Ca²⁺的吸收受到抑制,其根部选择性吸收限制有害离子进入体内的能力有限。综合以上分析,盐胁迫下导致台湾海桐Pn下降的主要因素是非气孔限制因素,即叶肉细胞光合能力下降,这也许与其受到严重的离子毒害有关。     

盐胁迫对盐生野大豆生长和离子分布的影响

以一年生栽培大豆品种(Lee68,耐盐性较强)和野生大豆品系(N23232,耐盐性较弱)为参照,以水培结合盐土种植的方法,从生长速率、电解质渗漏率和离子分布等方面,研究了盐生野大豆品系(BB52)的耐盐机理.结果表明,盐胁迫下,该品系幼苗生长受抑程度最轻,电解质渗漏率升幅最小.根系吸收的Na+、Cl-向地上部(尤其是叶片)的运输较少,而对     

外源氯化钙对盐胁迫下西兰花抗氧化酶系统及离子吸收的影响

摘要：以美国“格福”与日本“山水”两种耐盐性不同的西兰花为试验材料,采用基质营养液栽培,研究了外源氯化钙对盐胁迫下西兰花鲜重、干重、MDA、抗氧化酶活性及离子吸收的影响。结果表明：外源钙的添加,可显著促进西兰花的生长,减轻盐胁迫,增加地上部、地下部干重及鲜重。外源钙处理明显降低了西兰花叶片MDA含量,减轻盐胁迫对叶片膜脂过氧化程度。外源钙处理对西兰花SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响因品种耐盐性不同表现不一。外源钙处理可减少西兰花地上部、地下部Na+的积累,增加K+、Ca2+　的浓度。外源钙处理对盐敏感品种的效果要好于耐盐品种。最佳的钙浓度为10mmol/L。     

盐胁迫下不同基因型棉花萌发生长和离子吸收特性

在 0、1 0 0、2 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl处理下 ,对棉花耐盐性差异较大的两个基因型枝棉 3号和泗棉 2号的萌发特性、盐分吸收以及棉花幼苗性状进行了研究。结果表明 ,在 2 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl胁迫 7d后 ,两基因型种子的含水量和子叶 K+含量没有显著差异 ,但耐盐较强品种枝棉 3号 Na+、Cl- 含量和电导率明显低于耐盐较弱品种泗棉 2号。盐胁迫下枝棉 3号幼苗性状显著好于泗棉2号     

不同盐度胁迫对芦荟生长和离子吸收分配的影响

为探索芦荟对微咸水灌溉栽培的适应性,研究了不同盐浓度对其生长和离子吸收分配的影响。结果表明,长期（120天）以含盐溶液灌溉栽培,盐浓度达200 mmol/L NaCl显著抑制芦荟生长,100 mmol/L NaCl对芦荟生长的抑制作用显著减轻,50 mmol/L NaCl不抑制芦荟生长。同时,以50 mmol/L NaCl溶液灌溉对芦荟盐分离子吸收分配影响轻微,但盐浓度达100 mmol/L NaCl对芦荟影响显著：根、茎、叶中K+含量显著下降,Na+ 、Cl-含量显著增大,K+/Na+大幅减小。X-射线能谱分析结果进一步表明,叶片贮水组织是芦荟积累盐分离子的重要部位,但100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下芦荟根尖和叶片细胞中的离子平衡受到显著干扰。结果说明,芦荟适于用微咸水灌溉栽培,叶片贮水组织在缓解其盐胁迫中可起重要作用。     

盐胁迫对植物生长的影响及耐盐生理机制研究进展

盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育及产量的主要非生物胁迫,目前,中国盐渍土面积不断增大,培育耐盐作物、开发利用耐盐植物资源,是抵御盐胁迫的一种可行途径。盐胁迫对植物具有多方面的影响,盐胁迫下植物自身也会产生一系列生理生化的改变以调节离子及水分平衡,维持植物正常的光合作用。本综述从植物生长发育、光合作用、离子平衡等方面概括总结了盐胁迫对植物的影响,系统地介绍了植物自身通过离子区室化、清除活性氧、增强保护酶活性等来抵御盐害的生理机制。旨在培育耐盐作物、研究植物耐盐机理、开发利用耐盐植物资源、有效利用盐碱地等方面提供帮助,为农业发展、粮食安全以及生态环境安全提供参考依据。     

盐胁迫对花生幼苗离子动态及耐盐基因表达的影响

不同花生品种的耐盐能力各有差异,本研究以耐盐花生品种花育25 (Huayu 25,HY25)和盐敏感品种花育20(Huayu 20,HY20)为材料,利用非损伤微测技术,测定盐胁迫下花生幼苗根尖中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、NH₄⁺、NO₃^–、Cl^–的流速;并同期检测了幼苗的生长性状、主要耐盐基因的表达及渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、脯氨酸)含量的变化,以明确花生的耐盐能力与离子吸收、转运及抗逆调控的关系。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫下Na⁺内流减弱,外排速率增加,K⁺内流提高,但是相对而言,HY25的Na⁺外排速率及K⁺内流速率均高于HY20,表明HY25通过排Na⁺保K⁺提高耐盐性;(2)盐胁迫促进Ca²⁺迅速内流,并且耐盐品种比盐敏感品种Ca²⁺内流...     

盐胁迫对刚毛柽柳生长的影响

通过对刚毛柽柳盆栽苗不同浓度盐(NaC l)处理,分析盐胁迫对生长的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度升高,刚毛柽柳盐胁迫症状明显,成活率下降,高增长受到抑制;耐盐能力为2.5%;根系活力随着盐浓度增大有一个先升高再降低的过程。     

甜菜碱缓解盐胁迫菊苣种子萌发和芽苗生长的作用

为了研究外源甜菜碱(glycine betaine, GB)对盐胁迫菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)种子萌发和芽苗生长的影响,以不同浓度(0~280 mmol/L)的NaCl结合外源GB(0~10.0 mmol/L)处理菊苣种子并进行发芽试验,测定了种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等指标。结果表明盐溶液抑制了种子的萌发。其中,280 mmol/L NaCl能完全抑制种子的萌发。外源GB可以不同程度的缓解盐胁迫的抑制作用,且具有浓度依赖效应,其中2.5 mmol/L GB的缓解作用最好,能显著提高210 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下菊苣种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数(P<0.05)。但外源GB对盐胁迫下芽苗的鲜重和干重无明显的缓解作用。外源GB能缓解盐胁迫对菊苣种子萌发的抑制作用。     

Construction of a genetic linkage map for witloof (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi)

A genetic linkage map based on an intraspecific cross between two inbred lines of witloof‐chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi) has been constructed. In total, 129 RAPD markers were scored in 565 F₂ plants. Grouping of these markers at a LOD of threshold 4.0 resulted in nine linkage groups, which is equal to the chicory haploid genome. The nine linkage groups covered 609.6 cM. All 129 RAPD markers were linked to one of the nine groups. Three RAPD markers could not be mapped. Out of the 126 remaining RAPD markers, 18 showed segregation distortion with significance value of P < 0.01.     

The incompatibility system in Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

As a result of an incompatibility mechanism which prevents both self-fertilization and intermating between plants with identical genotypes, inbreeding does not occur in Cichorium intybus. This self-incompatibility system complicates the production of inbred lines and the generation of F₁ hybrids in Italian red chicory. Histological observations on pollinated stigmas show that the incompatibility reaction in chicory is very rapid and either prevents pollen adhering to the stigmatic papillae or determines the arrest of pollen-tube growth on the stigmatic surface; incompatible pollen cannot reach the transmitting tissue of the style. Both histological and genetic analyses of F₁ progeny from a reciprocal cross between two unrelated plants suggest the occurrence of a sporophytic incompatibility system in Italian red chicory.     

Breeding Potential of Root Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum)

The objective of this study was to investigate the breeding potential of the inulin-containing root chicory which has potential as a new industrial crop. Polycross families and reference varieties were grown in field experiments at 3 locations to assess their performance and the amount of variation available for breeding. Significant variation between polycross families for all characters except for glucose content and the ratio total sugar/dry matter content was observed. Compared to ‘Fredonia’, 12 out of 72 polycross families gave between 15 % and 24 % more total sugar yield. Preliminary estimates for the heritability of two yield components were calculated by means of the parent-offspring regression analysis. Additive genetic variance seems to determine the inheritance of fructose and total sugar content. All findings suggest that the total sugar yield of root chicory can be considerably increased by breeding.     

Regeneration of dihaploid chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi) via microspore culture

In order to develop fully inbred chicory plants, dihaploid plants were raised from callus derived from microspores of three selected Witloof, Robin and Treviso types. Microspores were isolated from florets containing pollen at the uninuclear state and cultured in a modified MS medium plus 0.5mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5mg/l IAA and 2.0mg/l zeatin. During culture periods of up to 6 months, gametoplasts emerged from pollen grains, divided and started to form colonies and calli. These were subcultured on the same basal medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l BA and 0.5mg/l IAA. Shoot growth was enhanced on a low salt-containing medium supplemented with 0.4mg/l kinetin and 0.2mg/l IAA. Shoots were rooted on a half-strength Lepoivre medium plus 0.2mg/l IBA and finally transferred to soil. Florets were excised from 34 capitula, but only microspores from four of them developed into plants via callus. More than 450 plants were raised in the greenhouse and the field. Leaves from these plants were subjected to DNA fluorescence analysis via flow cytometry: a range of ploidy levels was detected. The cell composition of 44 of these plants was predominantly haploid, with a diploid background. Regenerant plant phenotypes were compared with the parent genotypes. The value of such haploids in commercial chicory breeding is discussed.     

Research on the Genetic Resources of Inulin-Containing Chicory (Cichorium intybus)

Chicory has potential as a new industrial crop. However, root chicory seems to have a limited generic basis which might hamper breeding progress. The objective of the investigation was (i) TO assess the yield potential of chicory and (ii) to ascertain whether leaf chicory might be suitable to broaden the genetic basis of root chicory breeding. Forty-nine accessions of leaf and root chicory were cultivated in field trials. Root yield/plot varied between 15.0 kg and 22.6 kg (experiment 1) and 14.8 kg and 27.0 kg (experiment 2). Total sugar content ranged between 15.2–21.8 % and 14.5–22.9 %. The corresponding values for total sugar yield are 2.32–4.12 kg and 2.38–5.45 kg. Fructose/glucose ratios ranged from 6.59 to 9.76 and 4.20 to g.22 depending on experiment and accession. Estimated on a plot oasis the highest total sugar and fructose yield was achieved by ‘Fredonia’ (10.6 t/ha and 9.5 t/ha, respectively). In addition, correlation coefficients between yield components were estimated. The correlation coefficients between total sugar content and total sugar yield ranged from, r = 0.62–0.78. The results suggest that leaf chicory may not contribute to a rapid breeding progress in root chicory within a short period.     

镉对黑麦草和菊苣幼苗生长的影响

研究了黑麦草和菊苣种子萌发以及幼苗生理指标的变化。实验结果表明,牧草种子萌发主要取决于自养条件,受镉影响不大。外源添加镉会对幼苗生物量、苗长、叶绿素和根系活力产生影响。镉浓度增加,表现出先增后降的趋势。当镉浓度为20mg/L时,两种牧草的生长受到抑制,差异极显著(p≤0.01)。     

Genomic DNA fingerprints as a tool for identifying cultivated types of radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.) from Veneto, Italy

Red or variegated chicory (Cichorium intybus L., 2n = 2 ×= 18) native to, and very extensively cultivated in north‐eastern Italy as a leafy vegetable, locally called ‘radicchio’, includes different types which represent valuable high‐quality crops. The five major types of radicchio cultivated in the Veneto region were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐derived markers. The experimental material was represented by two outbred populations (one of ‘Variegato di Castel‐franco’ (CF) and one of ‘Rosso di Verona’ (VR)) and by eight inbred lines (three of early ‘Rosso di Treviso’ (TVP), three of late ‘Rosso di Treviso’ (TVT) and two of ‘Rosso di Chioggia’ (CH)). A total of 96 individual plant DNAs and 16 bulked DNAs of six plants each were assayed. The different types were well distinguished from one another if analysed by means of bulks using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers at the population level, while they were not if analysed at the individual level using random amplified polymorphic DNA, inter‐simple sequence repeat and Arbitrarily Primed (AP)‐PCR markers. The genetic variation was shown to be much higher within types than between types. This result suggests that, in each radicchio type, populations produced by breeders through controlled intercrossing (VR and CF) or repeated selfing (TVP, TVT and CH) conserved their well‐separated gene pools over the years. The setting up of a molecular reference system seems to be feasible and suitable both for the precise identification of the single types of radicchio and for the evaluation of the extent of natural hybridization that can occur between different types.     

The phylogenetic relationship between different Cichorium intybus cultivars and cultivar groups, as revealed by RAPDs

The phylogenetic relationship between different Cichorium intybus cultivars and cultivar groups was studied. A total of 127 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers have been used to distinguish between 51 Cichorium intybus cultivars belonging to three different cultivar groups. A principal component analysis was performed on the complete data set and a clear grouping of chicory cultivar groups was observed. The three chicory groups tested (root chicory, witloof and pain de sucre) were separated from one another in the principal component plots. The first two axes accounted for 43.9% of the total variation. Although the chicory used in traditional forcing in soil and the red chicory cultivars were related more to each other and to the chicory cultivars from the witloof group, they still formed separate groups in the principal component plot.