“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项组织实施进展情况

“十三五”期间是确保我国粮食安全、实施“转方式-调结构”,提升农业可持续发展能力的关键时期,科技在其中的支撑作用也更加重要。按照国家科技计划管理改革的整体部署,国家重点研发计划启动了“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项,为粮食丰产增效可持续发展提供科技支撑。概述了专项自2016年启动实施以来在基础理论、共性关键技术、区域集成示范三大层次上取得的实施进展、各项目阶段性成果,以及组织管理经验,以期为有关科研人员和行业部门提供参考。     

通过引入参与式绩效评估体系，充分发挥以工代赈的社会效益

参与式绩效评估是在绩效评估中引入参与式的理念,使用参与式的方法和工具,实现最大限度的公众参与。在以工代赈项目中实施参与式绩效评价,通过农户的参与,可以真实地评价项目是否达到了建设和赈济的双重目的,并对政府提供的公共服务做出评估。在参与的过程中,可以充分调动农户的积极性和主动性,提高农户自我发展的意识和能力,同时对政府部门工作绩效做出客观的评估,使政府和农户间形成良好的互动。     

Management System of the Tender and Bidding for Power Projects with a Valuation Based on the Bill of Quantities

Valuation based on the bill of quantifies will change the existing valuation mode of tender and bidding. For the standardized management of tender and bidding for power projects and the inteUigentized information management of power enterprises, it is an inevitable trend of reform to apply the valuation mode based on the bill of quantifies. According to the characteristics of power projects, this paper expounds the working process of the valuation mode based on the bill of quantities and analyzes the goal and function need of the tender and bidding management system. Considering the calculation procedure of the valuation and the quote strategy of quantities bill, the composition of fees for the valuation is settled and the calculation method is designed. To establish the management system of tender and bidding with a valuation based on the bill of quantities is beneficial for the costing reform of power projects and the perfection of the tender and bidding market. Therefore it is of great significance to spread the new management mode of project costing with a valuation based on the bill of quantities.     

Analysis of Clustering Algorithm in Behavior Mode of Customers in China Telecom

China telecom industry are facing a series of changes caused from the business circumstances and the market composition.Under this new situation,they must pay attention to develop their core competence.CRM of customer as the center is suitable for China telecom industry.Only through CRM the companies know the behavior mode of customers' and supply the statisfactory products/service.Thus,the companies can exist and develop well.So,using CRM to rebuild their managerial mode is a necessity trend for China telecom industry to develop their information management.     

Application of the Pattern of Construction Management Contract in Large-scale Project in Shanghai

This article states systematically the fundamental conception of the mode of construction management general contract, the contract structure and the organization structure through the analysis of the construction characteristics of Shanghai large-scale projects, considering the situation of China and the characteristics of this line. It also summarizes the characteristics of the mode of construction management general contract through the example of the Pudong International Airport Construction. The mode of construction management general contract not only meets the needs of construction technique in bettering the design of construction project building, but also releases the pressure in middle and later management of construction project building and overcomes the deficiency of the long-term building period, hard-to-control investigation brought by the problem of design, purchase, construction divided from and restricted by each other existed in the traditional contract mode. It also helps the contractor to provide socialized, specialized, commoditized service for the contractor. Helps to overall arrangement, economized investment, management level improve ment can be given. So it has the superiority in super large-scale projects construction compared with the traditional construction management.     

政府扶持农民专业合作社的模式研究

为推动我国农民专业合作社的发展,我国各级政府部门采取了各种各样的扶持方式,这些具体的扶持方式可以概括为三种模式：政府直接扶持模式、政府间接扶持模式、政府“直接+间接”扶持模式。虽然这三种模式在推动我国农民专业合作社发展的过程发挥了重要作用,但是其在实施过程中仍旧存在一些不容忽视的问题,因此,需要对这些具体模式的实施情况及优化方案进行研究。     

安康富硒特色农业区域品牌发展对策研究

区域品牌建设与维护是提升安康富硒特色农产品竞争力的必由之路。在对"产业聚集"品牌及区域品牌管理"一村一品"地理标志"理论分析的基础上,提出安康富硒特色农产品区域品牌化发展对策,包括:"政府为主导、商会协会为中介、企业参与者角色"的区域品牌运行管理模式;实施"一村一品"工程,夯实区域品牌发展与延伸的基础;以"地理标志"申报与保护为切入点,推进区域品牌化经营管理。     

The Evaluation System of Agent of Government Investment Project Based on AFD

According to analyses of the existing problems in the evaluation of agent of government investment project, combining with the characters of the substituted construction system of the government invested project and the project management, a performance evaluation index system of the agent of government invested project was constructed, fdlowing the basic principles of the index settlement. It introduces the AHP, the fuzzy evaluation mode, and the ADF comprehensive evaluation mode based on DEA, and gives some practical examples.     

A Model of Tax Increment Financing Adoption Incentives

With tax increment financing (TIF) a municipality pays for economic development expenditures out of future increases in tax collections. If the development expenditures are the sole cause of the increased tax collections, TIF is a fair and reasonable policy. If not, TIF can distort choices and redistribute resources. This paper develops an economic model of TIF as a choice by the sponsoring municipality with an impact on an overlying government. The analytic framework isolates the impact of key variables, permits analysis of the payoff from TIF to each government, and helps inform discussions about equity. The model clearly shows that while the special nature of TIF causes it to favor projects that generate significant tax revenue, that revenue need not be truly incremental with respect to the project alone, and projects therefore need not be efficient to be financially viable to municipalities. In fact, the projects that best fit the goals of TIF legislation may be impossible to finance through TIF. Alternative government programs may be required to help towns develop areas most in need.     

Exploration on the Crowdfunding Mode of Rural Memory Project

In the past decades of industrialization and urbanization,a plenty of Chinese villages have passed out of existence.The amount of the existing ancient villages in China only accounts for 1.9% of the amount of Chinese administrative villages.Chinese traditional villages include tangible cultural heritage like traditional residential architecture and cultural relics,as well as intangible cultural heritage like folk customs and handcraft,which are of extremely important values and demand proper conservation immediately."Rural Memory Project" is not only a carrier project of "memorizing nostalgia" and "retaining passion for home",but also the original protection project of tangible cultural heritage like rural historic streets and traditional resident courtyard,as well as intangible cultural heritage like production and living customs.At present,"Rural Memory" Project launched by Shandong province was primarily funded by the government sectors whose investment was far from sufficient for the great appetite of the project,thus massive social capital has to be absorbed to ensure a sustainable implementation of the project.Featured with low threshold,strong inclusivity and stable mass basis,crowdfunding which could adapt to the characteristics of the current "Rural Memory" Project is regarded as a feasible fund-raising channel.In the exploration of crowdfunding mode,the authorities could focus on establishing a specialized crowdfunding platform for Rural Memory Project,select proper crowdfunding mode according to the characteristics of the project,adhere to the macro orientation and policy of the government,and commit themselves to dissolving the institutional constraints in crowdfunding.     

Study on Application of ''Design and Build'' Contract Mode

The 'Design and Build' contract mode is a new contract and managerial approach, to which more and more attention has been paid. Now it becomes the contracting tendency in the international construction market. In this paper, the basic theories and method of the 'Design and Build' mode are widely and systematically studied. It specifies the intention of the 'Design and Build'contract mode, existing problems and corresponding countermeasures as well as its developing direction.     

On Government Purchasing Behavior to Public Construction Project

With China's joining the WTO, the demands for globalization of economy make it necessary to bring public construction projects into government purchasing domain. In this paper, starting with the features of government purchasing for the project, its necessity is analyzed and some countermeasures are put forward from the government position. It is meaningful undoubtedly for China to join WTO and open the government purchasing market.     

Evaluation of Management Patterns of Public Projects

Due to the particularity of public projects, the evaluation of management patterns of public projects is an important aspect of performance evaluations of public sectors, and is the premise and foundation for improvement of decision - making management of projects. The objectives and contents of evaluation and selection rules of evaluation indexes were discussed briefly. The evaluation indexes system of management patterns of public projects is proposed. Applicable evaluation methods and the application bounds of the evaluation indexes system are put forward.     

Ecological Restoration Planning and Design of Campus River:a Case study of the Qiusuo Brook in China Three Gorges University

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University,this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results,i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution—restore sediment microorganism—build intensified plant filter strip—build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes—maintain ecological river course".In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode,this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement,restoration of sediment microorganism,restoration of water plants,ecological restoration of embankment etc.,and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects,in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Gorges University and other similar projects.     

1999—2018年国家自然科学基金耕地利用管理项目资助情况分析

分析旨在理清耕地利用管理项目在自然科学基金的资助情况,以期为相关领域的科研人员申请耕地利用管理方面的自然科学基金项目提供借鉴与参考。基于1999—2018年国家自然科学基金资助的关于耕地利用管理项目的官方数据,采用数量分析、分类统计、定性与定量结合的方法,对耕地利用项目的年度情况、项目类型、立项学部、立项单位和研究方向进行了较为全面的分析。结果表明：1999—2018年的20年间,在国家政策的引导下,耕地利用管理立项数量和金额呈增长趋势;项目的类型主要是青年科学基金项目、面上项目和地区科学基金项目;青年科研队伍壮大,项目立项单位范围广泛,但项目多数集中在科研实力较强的机构;立项学部与研究方向分别以地球科学部和土壤学为主,又趋于多元化,在对传统主流方向深度探索的同时,扩大了研究主题,创新了研究思路,把握了研究新热点。研究得出耕地利用管理的基金项目研究内容日趋丰富,研究体系逐渐系统化,但研究的深度和实时性需要加强,耕地保护、耕地可持续利用和耕地评价是近年的热点,相关研究亟待完善。     

The Share of Southeastern Black Counties in the Southern Rural Renaissance

Some authors have suggested that a leading problem associated with US factory employment for blacks may be that the nonfarm jobs--specifically manufacturing--have tended to go to heavily white counties rather than to the mainly black counties of the Deep South. This study is limited to the 1959-1977 period, the time of the most vigorous nonmetropolitan employment growth. To test the hypothesis that factory jobs have bypassed heavily black counties, a 100% sample of nonmetropolitan counties was used from 13 Southern states for the 2 time periods, 1959-1969 and 1969-1977. Results show that the minority counties were not bypassed by Southern rural factory job growth either in the 1960s or the 1970s, but their gains were not as sizeable as those of more heavily white counties. Both the neoclassical economics of discrimination--with its individualistic "taste for discrimination"--and the stinging critique by Marshall in 1974 that such analysis ignores the important role of institutionalized racism--can "explain the empirical conclusions of this article." Traditional "smokestack-chasing" methods are by no means hopeless. While co-ops and community development corporation strategies can be combined with traditional methods, it is important that foundations, government agencies, anti-poverty programs, and black leadership also focus on projects to competitively attract jobs in the traditional fashion.     

非正式集体决策视角下的农村公共产品供给

我国农村公共投资项目和投资规模明显增加,投资主体也日益多样化,但是,农村公共投资项目、投资规模和投资主体在村与村之间的分布都存在显著的差异。本文试从非正式的集体决策角度来解释这种差异,认为非正式的集体决策能够在提供农村公共产品服务方面发挥政府无法替代的积极作用,它可以解决农村共同体的集体行动困境问题,实现对农民的整合,从而解决农村公共产品的匮乏问题。不同的地区具有不同的集体决策形式,因此,村与村之间存在显著的差异。     

关于助推大学生村官创业的思考——以江苏省农业科学院为例

大学生村官是推进社会主义新农村建设、加快现代农业发展、带动农村脱贫致富的重要力量。以江苏省农科院为例,简述了农业科研单位实施助推大学生村官创业的现实意义,并针对帮扶村大学生村官农业知识缺乏、项目参与积极性不高、项目管理漏洞等影响大学生村官创业的主要问题,提炼了江苏省农业科学院助推模式,安排创业资金、制定创业项目、强化培训等,以及加快推进大学生村官创业工程的优化改进措施,从而为管理部门进一步加强大学生村官管理工作,构建大学生村官待得住、流得动长效机制提供实例参考。     

Conservation of Traditional Villages of the Tujia Nationality in Western Hubei Based on Interactive Technology

The philosophical thinking of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi(respectful name for Li Er and Zhuang Zhou) enables people to realize that "intangibility" and "tangibility" always exist in the course of the development of things, just as the "existence" of traditional culture and the "inheritance" of intangible cultural heritage. Traditional village of the Tujia nationality in western Hubei is regarded as the "tangible" carrier so that its conservation is valuable. This paper, based on an in-depth field investigation, used the digital interactive design platform to study traditional villages of the Tujia nationality in western Hubei and their culture and used the virtual simulation and the digital preservation method to conduct a study after combining the culture of the Tujia nationality with its carrier. This paper also put forward the development mode for other "conservation" projects in western Hubei.     

生猪屠宰监管技术系统设计与实现

为控制肉品在屠宰过程中的质量安全,加强政府监管力度。以生猪屠宰监管为研究对象,从信息技术的角度构建了一个以实现质量监管为目的的生猪分级屠宰监管技术系统。设计了系统主要功能实现的流程,探讨了关键技术,开发了基于分级管理报送数据的生猪屠宰监管技术系统。结果表明：该系统在山东省的多家屠宰企业进行了试运用,使用该系统提高了政府对屠宰企业的监管水平及企业生产管理水平,增强了消费者的肉品安全意识。通过统一使用的山东省屠宰监管技术系统,将政府监管、用户监督和企业自律有机地结合起来,建立有效的监督保证机制,从而保障食品安全。从食品安全的角度,提出了一套政府监管模式,为实现猪肉质量安全全程追溯打下基础。