基于村民参与式的乡村人居环境评价研究

乡村人居环境改善是城乡统筹发展的重要内容,也是美丽乡村建设的关键所在。笔者着眼于“以人为本”的视角,以重庆市铜梁区南城街道鱼溅村为例,通过村民参与式与数学模型定量的研究方法,研究乡村人居环境村民的满意度和优化方向。研究结果显示：鱼溅村人居环境的整体满意度水平一般,人居软环境系统的社会环境与经济环境满意度为一般和不满意,硬环境系统的设施环境和生态环境对整体满意度贡献率较高,结论表明鱼溅村亟需加强对人居软环境系统的优化;同时,研究还显示鱼溅村人居环境满意度的空间分布差异较大,这说明人居环境的优化需要合理布局、整体筹划。笔者最后提出了优化的对策,对山地丘陵地区的乡村人居环境建设具有普遍借鉴意义。     

On the Pattern of Rural Human Settlement Environment Construction in Yunnan''s Mountain Region

The laggard status of rural human settlement environment of mountain region in Yunnan Province affected the balanced development between city and countryside, so accelerating its construction is the urgent need of rural development. In this paper, the characteristics and realistic influence of traditional pattern of rural human settlement environment construction in Yunnan mountain region are expounded. Moreover, it puts forward the construction pattern, which depends on the development of small towns by analyzing the connection among natural environment characteristics, society and economy innovation and the pattern of human settlement environment construction. At last, several advices are brought forward for the actual action of rural human settlement environment construction in future.     

Seasonal Characteristics of Thermal Environment in Urban Public Space of the Urban in Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region

Thermal environment in urban public space is considered as an important factor affecting thermal comfort of human beings. In the whole year, thermal environment in public space of the city in hot-summer and cold-winter zone changes dramatically, which has an effect on human thermal comfort. In this study, three typical public spaces including street, park and square of Changsha were selected for a long-term experiment of thermal environment. Based on the analysis of four significant thermal environment parameters-air temperature, relative humidity, global temperature and wind speed, seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in urban public space were obtained. The results show that the characteristics of urban thermal environment are determined by natural climate, while the physical structure of a city has essential impact on the changes of local outdoor thermal environment. Affected by plants (trees) and water (Xiangjiang river) air temperature of the street along the street is much lower, relative humidity is higher and solar radiation is weaker in most of the year. Compared to the street along the river, air temperature of the square is higher and solar radiation is stronger.     

Design of the Virtual Instrument of Frequency/Amplitude Sweep

In this paper the inevitable trend of constructing open ecosystem in modern settlement environment was discussed through the history of the settlement environment and the characters of modern settlement environment.The ecological crisis,change of the modern life and the citizens' needs and the ecological system character show,that it is important for sustainable development of the settlement environment to construct open ecosystem.The construction of modern habitation and the city room embodies the concept of open ecosystem.Then,in construction and research of modern settlement,the ecological viewpoint and method should be applied.     

Embodiment of Health in the Residence Design

According to the research on the health of the living environment and the social condition during the construction of a residence, this paper summarizes the key points that should be noticed, then puts forward the points of view that healthy residence is a developing tendency of residence.     

宁夏新型城镇化与人居环境发展时空耦合关系分析

为研究新型城镇化背景下宁夏城镇化发展水平与人居环境的协调关系问题,利用协调度与耦合度评价模型,测算宁夏5个地级市2005—2015年新型城镇化与人居环境协调度指数与耦合度指数,并分析5 个地级市耦合协调度的时空演化特征。结果表明：（1）从整体发展态势看,2005—2015 年研究区除固原市和中卫市外,各市新型城镇化与人居环境协调度指数、耦合度指数均呈现良好上升趋势;（2）从时间序列看,研究区新型城镇化与人居环境协调关系大部分处于高度协调阶段,耦合度除中卫市和固原市外,基本处于磨合阶段与高水平耦合阶段;（3）从空间格局看,研究区新型城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度差异不大,各市均有较高的耦合度。通过分析研究,针对研究区新型城镇化建设与人居环境发展现状提出建议,包括优化城镇空间格局,加强城镇综合承载力;加强户籍改革,推动农民市民化进程;提高居民环境意识,选择合理的城市发展速度与规模。本研究对城乡规划与城镇化发展具有一定的参考价值。     

Design of Rural Residence Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Chengdu Area

With the improvement of living standards, peasants have attached increasing attention to quality of living environment, indoor thermal comfort of rural residence has become a functional need of new countryside residence. Chengdu is a foggy area with shorter sunshine hours, humid air, more foggy but fewer windy days, so local residence is likely to be muggy, which influences comfort of residents seriously. According to relevant researches, most rural residences in Chengdu use only natural ventilation, and the indoor thermal comfort is poor. In view of this, this paper tried to improve indoor thermal comfort and quality of living environment from the perspective of residence functional design.     

制度约束下的乡村人居环境建设模式研究——以湖南省衡南县工联村为例

优化乡村人居环境,改善农户生活质量,统筹城乡发展是社会主义新农村建设的一项重要内容。以实地调研为基础资料,以湖南省新农村示范点——工联村为例,探索制度约束下乡村人居环境建设的特征、困境与优化路径。在集体合作经营体制下,工联村人居环境建设在筹集资金、约束农户人居行为、改善基础设施、推进社会事业等方面具有一定的制度优势,但也存在诸多困境。从4个方面提出了优化路径,即鼓励制度创新,完善人居环境建设模式;优化村庄布局,规范农户居住行为;加快村庄整治,引导农户生活行为;整体营销村庄,扩大人居环境示范效应。     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

Human Settlement Environment --The Essence and Edifications of New Urbanism

Human settlement environment is the basis of people existence and development, and currently Chinese urban construction is being faced with many problems on human settlement environment. Through contrasting the concepts of the American Edged Urbanism with the New Urbanism in the later half of the 20th century theoretically, this paper indicated the change in concept of urban design from the technological rationality to the nature and humanity. It expounds that the essence of New Urbanism is the idea of human settlement environment, and enlightens that people should promote urban construction and human settlement environment by way of humanism, and maintain harmonious development of human, nature and human settlement environment, thus the urban environment should walk up a correct way, and the idea has academic and extensive practical value for new development zones.     

An Aggregate Demand Forecasting Model on the Residence of Chongqing Main City Zone

Developing of real estate industry is one of the important ways to optimize Chongqing's industry structure and develop Chongqing's economy based on the relative theory. This paper brings forward an aggregate demand forecasting model on the residence of Chongqing main city zone according as data of the level of residence and relative factors in a certain period of Chongqing main city zone,by the way of gradually regressing and compounding forecasting. The model indicates that, according with the characteristic of residence,the aggregate demand of the residence is positive correlation to the polulation of Chongqing main city zone.     

The Research on the Construction of Concentrative Residence and Ecological Human Habitat Environment in the Rural Area of Rapidly Urbanizing Region

Under the background of the new rural construction in China, it is an important scientific question and an urgent social task to construct the harmonious society and to achieve the sustainable regional development on how to construct concentrative residence and manage the human habitat environment in the fast industrializing and typically urbanizing area. This paper analyzed the problems in the construction of the human habitat envi- ronment in the rural area of southern Jiangsu, discussed the methodologies of planning and design for rural con- centrative residence, researched the human habitat environment improvement technologies, and put forward the resolution of the recycling community for the rural inhabitation, which aimed at demonstrating the practicing in rapidly urbanizing regions.     

Improvement of Outdoor Microclimate Comfort of Rural Residence in Southwest Mountainous Area through Plant Application

Improvement of microclimate comfort is good to save energy,and create and improve communication space,and promote sustainable development of countryside.Wind is an important factor that influences outdoor microclimate and plant is an economic,high-efficiency and healthy choice to improve wind environment.This article discussed technical strategies of improving the microclimate comfort of rural residence in southwest mountainous areas,by taking use of native vegetations.The strategy is to set up the wind-guide or wind-break plant landscape system through site planting,courtyard planting and residence planting.     

西部城市竞争力与西部城市化进程

西部地区城市化进程缓慢,一个重要的原因就是西部城市竞争力偏弱,因此培育西部城市竞争力,充分发挥中心城市的带动和辐射作用就成为推动西部城市化的一个重要手段。培育西部城市竞争力应注意从树立符合发展需要的新观念,加强对重点城市竞争力的培育,提高城市产业、企业的竞争力,加强人力资源的开发与管理,抓住机遇勇于创新、筑巢引凤招商引资,治理城市区域生态环境、建设生态城市等几个方面着手。     

植物环境对人体健康影响的研究进展

植物环境对人体健康具有非常重要的作用,无论是康复花园还是园艺疗法,其根本都是以植物环境促进人体健康,即是通过观赏植物或者利用植物的生理生态作用等来改善人体的身心健康。文章叙述了康复花园、园艺疗法和健康的概念;分析了园艺疗法与康复花园之间的关系;回顾了近年来国内外在植物环境与人体健康之间关系方面做的一些研究。笔者针对中国在这方面的研究现状提出了以下建议：（1）重视植物环境对人体健康影响的研究;（2）积极建设康复花园;（3）勇于创新,建设具有中国特色的康复花园。     

基于CiteSpace的改善中国农村人居环境研究综述

为梳理改善农村人居环境的研究状况及未来发展趋势,以中国学术期刊网络出版总库为研究平台,收集了2010—2021年围绕“改善农村人居环境”为中心点的中文样本文献1617篇,借助Citespace软件,运用科学知识图谱相关理论和科学计量学的方法,对文献进行了聚类分析、关键词突现分析以及研究热点趋势分析,结果表明：（1）在改善农村人居环境过程中,国内的学者聚焦于农村养老、农村公路、厕所改造、农村垃圾处理及农村污水处理等5个方面的研究,目前各方面都已取得阶段性的进展,结合关键词突现分析和研究热点趋势分析,在未来一段时间,5个方面依然是研究的热门主题。（2）现有关于改善农村人居环境的研究多以定性为主,剖析较为浅显,定量分析的文章较少,未来的研究宜将2种方法结合。     

Environment Principle in the City Illumination

Through the analysis on components of the environment,the essential factors affecting the city illumination,such as human beings,light and objects,are discussed in this paper with the help of environment psychology.On the basis of people's visual characteristics and psychological needs,the characters of illumination of the city in whole,city square,buildings and garden landscape are summarized and the laws of city illumination are revealed.It is found that designing the city illumination should create not only a visual environment but coordination with city spatial elements and physiological sense of human beings,offering a psychological environment in harmony with function atmosphere.The author finally puts forward his thinking on city illumination which combines the natural condition,object form,people's visual characteristics and environmental features based on the environment principle.     

Quality Construction of Public Space from the Perspective of Human Settlement: A Case Study of Public Space in the Downtown Area of Mianyang City,Sichuan Province

Concept, connotation and property of urban public space were interpreted, guidance of human settlement science for the construction of urban public space analyzed. Taking quality construction of public space in the downtown area of Mianyang City for example, this paper proposed that urban public space should be constructed from the perspective of human settlement to create positive spaces that satisfy human needs, ensure sustainable development of urban public spaces, and drive the development of a harmonious and prosperous city.     

Characteristics and Protection Approaches of Human Settlement in Ancient Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village

Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated human settlement characteristics of ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village, Jinxi County from the perspectives of village environment, history evolution, village layout and village building, and explored the substantial content of village human settlement protection, and proposed specifi c approaches of protecting the human settlement, such as ancient village layout, history and culture, and provided references for protecting human settlement of the ancient villages.     

On the Design of Roof Garden

Building roof garden can widen the green area and expand the green space effectively.It has the ecological function for improving the environment, beautification function for molding a person's sentiment and colorful practical function. It can promote the ecological balance of the city and optimize the environment for human residence to meet the needs of people to approach the nature and return to the nature. In designing roof garden, the favorite factors, such as wide field of vision, good illumination, large temperature difference, little pollution, small people flow as well as adverse factors concerning the field, bearing capacity, soil and wind power should be taken into account. In the meantime, to create an outer ecological space with abundant cultural connotation, it is necessary to take safety as prerequisite, ecology as basis,artistic quality as its core, function as its purpose and economy as its guarantee.