Probing into Error in Calculating the Volume of Large Earthmoving Work and Recommended Algorithm for It

This paper analyzes theoretically the error in calculating the volume of earthmoving work by simplified algorithm in practice and a correct simplified formula is recommended.     

Relations between Urban Design and City Planning in the Work of Plan-making

In this paper, three fundamental principles of city planning under the present system are brought forward: the integration of urban design and city planning, the double attributes and position of the urban design and the correspondence between the urban design and the city planning in levels. Therefore, according to the different circumstances, three functioning ways for the urban design in the practice of plan making are put forward: to put the urban design into the system of city planning, to work out the urban design as a research work and then make use of its achievement in the work of plan making, and to regard the urban design as a specialized work of city planning.     

The Optimal Method of Calculation of Earthwork Volume of Transformer Substation

With the development of electric power industry, more and more projects of building transformer substation need a great deal of fund. More exact evalution of projects becomes more important.In evalution of projects, calculation of earthwork volume may be a very important part.According to the requirement of most projects and on the basis of traditional method , we have created a new method of optimal calculating earthwork and auto-balance. Minute-dividing technology and interpolating way are used to enhance the simulation of Grids.The new method can better simulate the landform and more effectively promote the precision and speed of calculation of earthwork .Auto-Balance can do what can't be reached by manual work.     

Key Technologies and Application Study on Networked Roadway Design Project Management

Aiming at the urgent requirements of project management from roadway design enterprises, key technologies and application of networked roadway design project management are studied. First, requirements analysis and a general technology scheme are proposed for networked roadway design project management. Next, key technologies are studied systematically, including workflow analysis and improvement, networked and dynamic project monitoring and coordinating, and integrated project information management. Based on the key technologies, an application system of networked roadway design project management is developed and applied in some real projects of roadway engineering design. A case study is presented to illustrate the management process based on the networked project management system. The engineering applications show that the system can effectively improve the management efficiency, reasonably configure and optimize design resource, monitor and coordinate project plan and schedule, and accurately evaluate the performance of design team members.     

不同海拔野生金露梅叶的成分分析

金露梅灌木林是青海最大的灌木林区之一。目前对金露梅叶片的研究仅限于解剖结构、灌丛地上部分生物量和黄酮类物质的研究,对青海野生金露梅叶成分整体研究少。2005年7月在海拔2840m和2510m处采野生金露梅叶作为样品进行成分分析,结果表明：样品在海拔2840m处黄酮的含量高于样品在海拔2510m处的含量;单宁的含量相当;样品在海拔2840m处还原糖的含量高于样品在海拔2510m处的含量,粗蛋白的含量低于样品2510m处的含量。     

Development and Application of Computer Aided Roll Design System for Thread-steel-bar

Roll pass design is one of the important content of making the rolling technology of section steel.The traditional pass design relies mainly on artificial experience,which brings some tedious calculation and great consumption of raw materials.In order to improve production efficiency,the constitute and the design methods of the roll system for thread-steel-bar are analyzed during stretching,further rolling and finished rolling.The mathematical models and the(experience) formulas used for the roll design in the past are revised.The computer aided roll design system is developed for thread-steelbar based on the structural means of compiling program.The authors adopt Visual Basic6.0 as a visual program tool,and combine the basic design theory of the thread-steel-bar's roll and the practical experience.The system can shorten the design cycle of the new product development,and reduce the energy consumption of the rolling mill and the distribution of production.     

Research on Design Methods for Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall with Cohesive Backfill

For the stability analysis of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill, this paper assumes that the state of failure surface is circular sliding surface and the bearing capacity is straight line relation with capacity and length of the reinforcement strip. These formulas agree with actual state of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill and result in saving reinforcement material in the design.     

基于聚类分析与岭估计模型的森林蓄积量遥感估测

为提高森林蓄积量遥感估测的可靠性及解决自变量间相关性问题,本研究拟采用基于聚类分析与岭估计模型对密云县森林蓄积量进行估测。选取对森林蓄积量有影响的遥感、地形因子作为分类刻画因子进行聚类分析。根据聚类结果选取建模样本,采用岭估计模型对森林蓄积量进行估测,并对其进行适用性评价与精度验证。用离差平方和进行聚集得到3种分类结果,按个数权重抽取建模样本,用30个独立预留样本对模型进行验证。结果表明,预留样本实测值与估测值的R2为0.5311,均方根误差为1.4553,相对偏差为8.9%,实测值为90.942 m3,估测值为82.842 m3。模型适用性一般,估测精度达到91.1%,总体估测精度高。     

Optimize Design on Pitch Radius of Metal V-belt Type Continuously Variable Transmission

Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is the ideal transmission for automobile, it is also one of the most important research items of researchers and automobile companies all over the world. By studying the force relationship of metal V-belt type continuously variable transmission, an optimum pitch radius is derived to maximize torque capacity, also a design procedure for optimum pitch radius is listed. The design procedure is applied for the true application, the calculation result shows that the torque capacity of belt transmission can be improved by optimization of the pitch radius. The research results provide the theory analysis method and design base for CVT vehicle.     

Primary Comparison of Orthogonal and Homogenous Designs on Experimental Design and Optimization

Systematic studies are made on experimental design and optimization.The orthogonal array design(OAD) is equal to or better than the homogeneous/uniform design (HUD) in some principlal respects and that the homogeneous design (HUD) has its advantages,especially on the case with few experiments done.     

Design of Reef- blasting Project and Analysis of Regulation Effect for Fuling to Tongluo Canyon Reach in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

After the completion of the Three Gorges project,the navigation conditions of the reservoir region will be improved evidently,which has laid the foundation for straight run of the 10,000-ton-class fleet to Chongqing Port,and is the promotion of the development of shipping in Yangtze River.But according to the standard of the 10,000-ton-class fleet,there are still some reaches of the reservoir region can not meet the requirements of the waterway on smooth and safe navigation.Therefore,some regulation measures should be adopted to eliminate these obstructions.It is one of the important parts in the reservoir region waterway regulation work for the Fuling to Tongluo canyon reach blasting project.30 reef obstacle blocks of 14 reaches in this project were removed by blasting.Based on the analysis of obstruct features of various rocks,according to the standard of the 10,000-ton-class fleet,the design parameters and blasting regulation program were put forward,and the regulation effect is analyzed and forecasted.     

均匀设计优化新疆主要葡萄品种ISSR-PCR反应体系

为了建立适用于新疆主要葡萄品种的ISSR-PCR反应体系,本研究以新疆不同葡萄品种DNA为模板,采用均匀设计法,对影响ISSR-PCR体系的Mg2+、dNTPs、引物、Taq DNA聚合酶等进行了U20(54)和U12(34)两轮优化,并在此基础上对退火温度及循环数进行了摸索.结果表明:在一定的浓度范围之内,Mg2+、...     

Fuzzy Estimation on Cost of Project

This paper discusses 18 factors which control the cost of project according to the constitution of the cost of project.The cost of project is estimated by fuzzy mathematics' method which adopts the principle of fuzzy proximity degree, principle of shortcut and the principle of expert system and which quantifies similarity of some projects finished and one planned.     

均匀设计优化棉花ISSR-PCR反应体系

为探索适宜棉花的ISSR-PCR反应体系,采用两轮均匀设计试验,对ISSR-PCR反应体系中Mg2+、dNTPs、模板DNA、引物、Taq DNA聚合酶的浓度或用量进行优化。结果表明,棉花20μL的ISSR反应体系的最佳组分包括2μL 10×PCR Buffer、0.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶、40 ng模板DNA、0.25 mmol.L-1 dNTPs、0.5μmol.L-1引物和2.0 mmol.L-1 Mg2+。利用8个棉花品种和三条不同引物验证该反应体系,结果表明,该反应体系的稳定性和重复性较好。     

烤烟喷施降碱增钾制剂的生理效应及对品质的影响

用盆栽和大田试验方法研究了烤烟打顶后喷施降碱增钾制剂的效果,结果表明,喷施降碱增钾制剂与对照相比,烟叶硝酸还原酶活性降低,转化酶活性升高,根系活力下降。烟叶的化学成分趋于协调,上部叶和中部叶烟碱含量分别降低了28．93％和10．43％,钾含量分别提高了21．5％和29．6％,致香物质较对照多。     

多品种（系）试验中简化广义格子设计的探讨

根据多品种（系）田间试验的特点，在Ｐａｔｔｅｒｓｏｎ等广义格子设计基础上提出简化广义格子设计（简称ＳＧＬ设计）。ＳＧＬ设计基于格子设计的正交性原理，对于可用区组容量整除的任何供试品种数、２－４次重复，均可构成不完全区组设计。且构成方法简便，设计效率因子高，具有可解析性，连通性，ＳＧＬ设计的参数采用修饰极大似然法估计。     

Study of Optimization Design of the Excavation and Support of the Zhuziba Material-Yard Slope

Taking Zhuziba material-yard slope as an example,it use FLAC 3D to dynamically simulate the excavation process. Numerical calculation is carried out and strength reduction method is used to identify the plastic zone and the potential sliding surface. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the influence on the the values of c and φ of the monitoring points on displacement. And combined with the measured displacements of the point, back analysis is carried out to determine the mechanical parameter of the potential slip surface. Based on analyzing the effect of anchorage on the anchoring method, 2 excavation - supporting schemes are designed. The results show that it can be accepted to identify the potential sliding surface by using strength reduction method, because the result is similar to what is drawn by using stereographic projection. The displacement of monitor point is linear to φ. The influence of φ(c) is similar on displacement at same c(φ).It also can be accepted to determine the best interval of anchor and length of anchoring section of double anchor by using numerical calculation to make the most considerable use of building materials.     

正交设计优化狭叶坡垒ISSR-PCR反应体系

以狭叶坡垒DNA为模板,利用正交试验分别对ISSR-PCR反应的MgCl2浓度、dNTPs浓度、Taq聚合酶浓度、引物浓度、模板DNA浓度进行了优化,并通过梯度PCR确定最佳退火温度和循环次数,最终确定狭叶坡垒最佳反应体系及扩增条件为：25 μL体系中1×PCR buffer,2 mmol/L MgCl2,0.25 mmol/L dNTPs,0.04 U/μL Taq聚合酶,0.2 μmol/L引物,4 ng/μL DNA模板;最佳扩增程序为：94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,53℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1.5 min,共35个循环;72℃最后延伸7 min。