Study on Sustainability Assessment of Construction Project and Its Application Mode

The sustainability assessment of construction project will play an important role in promoting the implementation of sustainable development strategy. The indicator system and standards for sustainability assessment of construction project are discussed in this paper, and then the application mode of sustainability assessment in China is analyzed. A proposal is also put forward in this paper that the sustainability assessment of construction project should be implemented in stages and combined with the feasibility study and environmental impact assessment system.     

低碳型新农村建设初探

低碳经济成为全球意志和中国的现实选择。如何推进现代农业建设的顺利进行,提高农民收入和改善农村生态环境,实现农业的可持续发展,这是新农村建设中面临的根本问题。本文阐述了低碳型新农村建设的重要意义和关键举措。     

Research on the System and Models of Society-Economy-Environment Appraisal for Construction Project

The society-economy-environment appraisal for construction project can help our government to control macro-economy, make correlation policy and formulate laws and draw up city plan.It has great influence on the sustainable development of our society and it is the demand of the law for the environment evaluation in China.This paper introduced the basic structure of society-economy-environment appraisal system for construction project and the thought of elements transaction.Using the method of AHP, the model of project analyzing and optimizing selection is designed.For the more, the methods of the optimizing models on the selected schemes are put forward.Finally, the integrative analysis has been made on the system design and appliance of this appraisal system.     

中国西部地区生态农业工程的开发与建设

生态农业既代表全球现代农业发展的新途径,又代表可持续农业发展的一种具体形式。加强中国西部地区生态农业的开发建设,必将有利于西部地区农业的全面开发,并推动该地区农村经济的发展。西部地区生态农业建设可重点开发以下四大工程：农田生态建设工程、林业建设工程、绿色食品开发工程和旅游农业开发工程。     

京郊山地旱作区持续高效农业发展对策

以延庆县为典型研究区域，针对京郊山地旱作区粮食产量低而不稳，农业生产水平低，高效种植养殖开始起步的现状，以及区域内存在的生态环境脆弱，生产结构不合理，农产品加工发展不足和产业化要素配置不完整等主要问题，提出该地区农业持续高效发展的方向是：充分利用当地生态资源优势，通过创建绿色安全农产品品牌，建设一批蔬菜、果品、养殖基地，大力发展绿色种植业、养殖业。具体对策主要是重视资源合理高效利用和生态环境保护；促进特色主导产业的形成和发展，调整农业生产结构；按现代农业产业化经营体系要求配置其要素组合，同时启动主导产业工程和可持续能力建设工程两类工程建设。     

Elastic-plastic Analytical Solution for an Eccentric Crack Loaded by Shear Forces in a Finite Rock Plate

As a product of work division and cooperation in construction industry,the construction supervision has contributed actively to China's construction.As the international and home situations have changed,a higher requirement has been put for China's construction supervision sector.Based on the principles of generalization and comparison this paper studies and discusses the existed problems on sustainable development of construction supervision sector in the ideological recognition,the theoretical study,the administrative system,the code building and the practical manipulation,etc.and corresponding suggestions are given on this basis.     

Fuzzy Analysis Method for Evaluating the Qualityof Project General Supervision Engineer

Since the implementation of the new construction system in 1988 in China, this system has gone through three phases: trial phase(1988-1993),development phase(1993-1995),and comprehensive application phase from 1996.Construction supervision as a new management system has profound effects to the whole process of a construction project, in particular, to the three conventional objectives, that is quality, cost and construction time. The new management system has to a large extent brought the traditional problems of extended construction time, uncontrollable cost and unsecured quality to a normal practice. Construction supervision is a management activity with request of high intelligence. The performance of this activity is closely related to the quality of project general supervision engineer. This paper identifies the basic elements that a proper project general supervision must have. By applying the fuzzy analysis principle, this paper presents a quantitative model for evaluating the quality of project general supervision engineer.It provides an applicable approach for project clients when general supervision engineers are to be chosen.     

基于产地型冷链物流市场的冷库布局规划

由于西北地区物流行业滞后,农产品冷链运输设施匮乏,冷链物流制约着农产品产业在该地区的持续发展。以西北地区为例进行具体分析,首先运用灰色预测模型对未来西北地区冷链物流产品产量进行预测,并利用层次分析(AHP)综合评估法确认冷链物流中转节点冷库位置;在此基础上构建线性规划模型,并在基于冷库建设成本和运输成本最小化的约束条件下,运用LINGO软件求解,得到西北地区冷库建设布局最优解。最后通过上述分析,提出西北地区未来冷链物流发展方向和建议,即区域发展和依托发展更有益于我国西北地区冷链发展。     

Exploring Harmonious Protection of Land Resources in City Construction

Urbanization in China is at an essential point in its transformation from the initial stage to accelerating stage. With quick expansion of city scale and large occupation of land for urban construction, the contradiction between land resource shortage and people's living needs becomes more and more prominent. It has great affection on the grand plan of China's sustainable development of economy and society. How to adjust the relations between the development of urban construction and protect the land resource, promote the rational use of urban land, perfect and complete the protection system of land resource for improving the efficiency of urban land use. In order to conserve land resource and find a sustainable way for development of people's living and environment construction, the above mentioned problems are the most important issue for urban construction and important subject of this paper.     

绿色农畜产品清洁生产模式的研究

摘要 环境污染与食品污染,已成为当今世界关注的严重问题。虽然各国自然资源条件和经济发达程度的差异,使得农业生产模式各不相同。但以防止环境污染和生产绿色─有机食品为主要内容的可持续发展农业,及其相应的技术研究,在全世界已形成一个大趋势。我国在这一工作上起步较晚,理论研究和应用技术都不及发达国家。目前许多农业科技工作者,根据我国自然资源条件及经济技术现状,将研究目标定格在可持续发展的绿色农畜产品清洁生产水平上,是非常现实和客观的,且具较强的可操作性。本文采用文献分析,理论与实践相结合的研究方法,针对农区种草养畜的生产趋势,用构建食物链的技术措施,建立绿色农畜产品清洁生产模式,达到既生产符合人们希望的绿色农畜产品,又不污染农业环境的目的。     

河南省黄河滩区绿色草业工程建设的现状与展望

笔者根据河南省黄河滩区自然条件的特点和畜牧业发展中存在的问题,依据生态学原理探讨了在滩区建设绿色草业工程的必要性和可行性。文章的重点在于提出建立以发展“三元”农业生产结构、发展绿色草业工程、发展绿色畜禽产品小区以及加强生物多样性保护为核心的绿色综合建设措施,其目的是为了改善黄河滩地的生态环境,保护滩地的生物多样性,促进滩区湿地以及周边地区农田和草地的科学化利用,促进滩区农牧业经济的良性循环和可持续发展。     

Analysis of Environmental Quality and Its Problems in Construction Engineering

The environmental quality problems of construction engineering are endangering the existence and sustainable development of human beings, so their treatment is becoming common understanding of all levels of governments and the public. In this paper, the forming course and affecting factors of environmental quality and main symptoms of its problems are analyzed from the definition of environmental quality in construction engineering. Then, the essence of the problem is revealed, that is comprehensive abilities for quality activities and their results can't meet the regulated requirements. Finally, it expounds five basic characteristics of the problems to enhance people's understanding.     

山东省主要野生观赏草资源及其评价

观赏草作为一类新型景观植物,在城市绿地建设和生态景观建设中有很大的应用价值,目前尚未引起足够的重视,相应的研究也较少。笔者就观赏草的概念、应用价值、应用前景等方面进行了简要介绍,并根据多年调查对山东地区主要野生观赏草的种类、景观特点、分布进行了初步描述。调查表明,狼尾草等13种野生观赏草在山东地区极具发展潜力,并分别加以详细介绍。     

法国乡村景观环境建设对中国的启示

随着中国农村社会经济的发展,乡村作为最大的聚居地,对其景观环境开展深入的研究是可持续发展的需要、更是社会发展的需求。通过对中国乡村景观环境建设的现状分析,借鉴法国乡村景观环境建设的实践操作模式,提出启示性的参考建议。     

Innovation of Construction Projects Management Based on the Five-dimension Modeling

Nowadays,the computer technology is applied more and more widely in the architecture,engineering and construction industries(AEC).This paper introduces a methodology of construction project management based on the five-dimension modeling which integrates three-dimension building models,resources and schedules by the development of virtual construction technology.The application of this method also influences several aspects of project management such as range,time,cost,resource,communication and information management.Finally,the process of 5D modeling and the management practice are presented through a real life case in Beijing which proves to be a more efficient,productive and economy project.     

1961-2018年全球青豌豆生产时空变化及发展趋势

我国是全球最重要的青豌豆生产国和出口国,然而全球尺度的主要生产国青豌豆种植面积和产量的历史变化规律和发展趋势并不清楚,制约了我国青豌豆生产的可持续发展。基于1961-2018年全球青豌豆逐年的收获面积、总产量和单产等数据,利用一元线性回归模型以及优势指数等分析了1961-2018年全球青豌豆生产的时空变化特征。结果表明,全球青豌豆生产在1990年前后出现明显的时空变化规律,1961-1990年全球青豌豆生产集中在欧洲,其收获面积和总产量分别占全球的42.5%和41.5%。1990年之后,全球青豌豆生产重心逐步转移到亚洲,其收获面积和总产量分别占全球的71.1%和77.9%。与美国、英国和印度等主产国相比,我国在1990年之前优势指数较弱,但1990年后生产规模优势显著高于其他主产国,效率优势指数逐步缩小。尽管近年来我国青豌豆种植面积的增加带动全球青豌豆生产重心逐渐向亚洲转移,但相较于其他主产国,我国的生产效率并未呈现显著优势。因此,优化和调整我国的青豌豆种植布局,提高单产水平,对提升我国青豌豆的国际竞争力和可持续发展具有重要意义。     

Utility Model of Technical Innovation in Construction Industry under Moderate Monopoly

Due to lacking driving force to promote the technology innovation in China construction industry,it may be a better choice to encourage the willing of construction enterprise to undergo the technology innovation by moderate monopoly.So,firstly it is supposed that the super construction enterprise can participate in the industry competition comprehensively,then,this paper proves the possibility to determine the number of monopoly construction enterprises in terms of moderate monopoly by the output mode of enterprise.Secondly,taking the state-owned building enterprise as the main body,it is further supposed that the construction enterprise could improve the productivity by raising the R&D in terms of moderate monopoly and the R&D should be invested in each period of manufacturing,then,this paper has established the utility mode of construction technology innovation by the Lagrange function in terms of moderate monopoly.At last,the finding shows that the technology innovation utility of China construction enterprise is not significant and this conclusion is supported by the growth trend of China construction industry in 1991-2004 and the investigation of the resistance factor to China construction technology innovation.     

稻田综合种养结合模式及生态效应

常规稻作生产以大量化肥、农药投入为主要手段,虽然确保了水稻稳产高产,满足了人们的温饱需求,但给稻田生态安全、环境健康和农产品食用品质带来一定的污染,从而影响了农业可持续发展。近年来,为了改善农业生态环境、实施绿色发展,减轻常规稻作对环境的影响,确保稻米食用安全,特别是随着经济持续增长和社会生活水平的不断提高,人们越来越重视安全性高、无污染的农产品生产和消费,我国适时提出和实施减肥减药和绿色优质农产品供给的重大举措,深受全社会的肯定。稻田种养作为一项可持续发展的生态循环农业模式,具有明显的减肥减药、稳产增效、资源节约、环境友好的综合效应,是实现农业绿色发展、乡村振兴和精准扶贫的重要途径,也是促进农业现代化的重要措施。笔者概述了稻田种养的生态原理和生态功能,指出了目前我国稻田种养发展过程中存在的实际问题和解决路径,以期为我国稻田综合种养的健康发展和现代化农业进程的加速发展提供参考。     

我国预制菜标准体系研究进展、问题和建议

我国预制菜产品标准体系建设存在政府部门参与度低、产品种类繁多、产品成分复杂、标准制定有局限性、产品标准缺失、标准化人才匮乏、与国际标准接轨不足等问题,预制菜标准体系空白亟需完善和填补。综述了我国预制菜标准体系的研究现状及研究进展,并基于工标网、食品伙伴网、广东省农业标准化协会发布的标准统计数据,分析了目前所面临的问题并提出了对策建议,以期为我国预制菜标准化体系建设提供参考依据。     

Exploration and Practice of Underground Space Design Guided by Green Idea in China

With the continuous deterioration of living environment, green building has become the development trend of architecture, however, usage of urban land is saturated with the development of the city. Thus, the development of underground space has attracted more and more attention, and it is of great significance to introduce green idea into the design of underground space in China. This paper is dedicated to research the exploration and development of green idea in design of underground space in China which can be divided into three stages: budding stage, exploration stage and rapid development stage. To realize ecological green space and sustainable development, diversifi ed and systematic development of green idea in design of underground space is an inevitable trend in China.