青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

氟对小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及锌的保护作用

为观察氟对成年雄性小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及锌的保护作用,通过腹腔注射氟化钠建立氟中毒动物模型及锌保护实验。采用石蜡切片、苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)、末端原位标记(TUNEL)及琼脂糖凝胶电泳的方法检测小鼠生精细胞的凋亡情况。结果显示:(1)氟感染组无论是低剂量组(NaF10 mg/kg)或是高剂量组(NaF 20 mg/kg)生精细胞都发生了明显的凋亡。生精细胞凋亡主要发生在精母细胞和精原细胞,凋亡指数与对照组差异极显著(P<0.05)。(2)无论是高剂量锌(ZnSO430 mg/kg)和低剂量锌(ZnSO415 mg/kg)都可以使凋亡指数明显降低,高剂量锌组的凋亡指数与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

荔枝种子结构的扫描电镜观察

荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。     

三门峡水库库岸坍塌成因分析与防治措施研究

三门峡水库自1960年9月蓄水运行以来,库岸坍塌现象频繁发生,平均每年塌岸0.5～0.7亿m3.指出了造成库岸坍塌的原因主要是地质环境的影响以及水力条件的变化;不同的地形、地貌、地质结构和岩性特征,表现了不同的塌岸强度,其中黄土塬区为极强塌岸段,黄河Ⅱ级阶地为强烈塌岸段,黄河Ⅰ级阶地为中等强烈塌岸段;分析了引起库岸坍塌的主要水力条件有大气降水、地表水和地下水,并且不同水力条件及其变化特征,对库岸坍塌影响的方式和程度也不同;最后给出了防治库岸坍塌应采用标本兼治的原则,治标是指对塌岸进行必要的加固、支挡、衬砌等;治本就是根据引起塌岸的原因以及不同地质环境条件下的塌岸特征和水力条件,因地制宜,因害设防,从根本上进行综合治理.     

Towards bioremediation of toxic unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons: identification of bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins

Background, aim and scope  Unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread, but often overlooked, environmental contaminants. Since UCMs are generally rather resistant to bacterial degradation, bioremediation of UCM-contaminated sites by bacteria is a challenging goal. Branched chain alkyltetralins are amongst the individual classes of components of aromatic UCMs which have been identified in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and a number of synthetic alkyltetralins have proved toxic in laboratory studies. Thus, alkyltetralins should perhaps be amongst the targets for UCM bioremediation strategies. The slow degradation of several alkyltetralins by a microbial consortium has been reported previously; however, the bacteria involved remain unidentified and no single strain capable of alkyltetralin biodegradation has been isolated. The present project therefore aimed to enrich and identify bacterial consortia and single strains of bacteria from a naturally hydrocarbon-contaminated site (Whitley Bay, UK), which were capable of the degradation of two synthetic alkyltetralins (6-cyclohexyltetralin (CHT) and 1-(3’-methylbutyl)-7-cyclohexyltetralin (MBCHT)). Materials and methods  Bacteria were enriched from sediment collected from Whitley Bay, UK by culturing with CHT and MBCHT for a period of 4 months. Biodegradation experiments were then established and degradation of model compounds monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Internal standards allowed the generation of quantitative data. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from individual enrichments to allow assessment of microbial community structure. Selective media containing MBCHT were used to isolate single bacterial strains. These strains were then tested in liquid culture for their ability to degrade MBCHT. Results  The consortia obtained through enrichment culture were able to degrade 87% of CHT and 76% of MBCHT after only 46 days compared with abiotic controls. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries of these bacteria were dominated by sequences of Rhodococcus spp. Using selective media, a strain of Rhodococcus was then isolated that was also able to biodegrade 63% of MBCHT in only 21 days. Discussion  The present report describes the isolation of a single bacterial strain able to degrade the resistant MBCHT. Although significant losses of MBCHT were observed, putative metabolites were not detectable. Rhodococcus sp. have been reported previously to be able to biodegrade a range of hydrocarbon compounds. Recommendations and perspectives  Due to their environmental persistence and toxicity, aromatic UCMs require bioremediation. The culturing and identification of such bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins may be an important step toward the development of bioremediation strategies for sites contaminated with toxic UCMs.     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

物联网安全及解决措施

物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。     

重庆市北碚区景观生态图的编制

景观生态图是以图形的方式客观而概括地反映自然景观生态类型的空间特征。以重庆市北碚区为研究区域,在对北碚区图件及其它资料的研究基础上,加上进一步的野外调查,借鉴前人研究景观生态制图的经验,以遥感影像和一些专题图件为基础数据源,以ArcGIS为平台,将两者有机结合起来,综合制成景观生态图。     

非表层剖面层次土壤生产力评价研究

研究了盆栽条件下4个非表层土壤剖面层次(AB,Ab,Bk,Bg)土壤在3种肥料处理下对“京绿2号”小白菜根系发育和养分水分吸收的影响,并评价了其生长障碍因子。结果表明,各处理出苗无明显差异;施加尿素和磷二铵有利于干物质积累量增加,且磷二铵的效应更显著;施磷二铵处理的根冠比明显低于不施肥处理和施尿素处理;施加尿素和磷二铵后作物含N量增加;施加磷二铵后各土壤剖面层次土壤中的植株P浓度明显提高。综合分析表明,正常情况下只要补充N肥和P肥,作物耕层以下的各土壤剖面层次对作物生长并无明显的阻碍作用,且通过适当的耕作和灌溉,可使非耕层土壤生产力状况得到改善。     

西南某泥石流沟泥石流发生率的研究

泥石流的发生与否是一个极其复杂的问题,而且是由多种因素共同作用的结果,这也给泥石流活动发展趋势的分析预测带来了困难.主要是在前人研究的基础上,对西南地区某泥石流地区的降雨条件加以分析、研究,从降雨方面,给出该泥石流发生的概率.对该泥石流沟的物源及该泥石流发生后的残留物质做颗粒试验,通过实验结果并结合前人的研究成果,从颗粒级配方面,给出了该泥石流的发生概率.并在最后给出了该论文的主要结论.     

Mechanism of manganese toxicity and tolerance of plants VI. Effect of silicon on alleviation of manganese toxicity of barley

Effect of Si on alleviation of Mn toxicity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings was investigated with special reference to the effect on Mn microdistribution and peroxidase activity. Manganese treatment was conducted by growing the seedlings in nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of Mn. Silicon treatment was conducted by growing the seedlings in the solutions with or without Si supply. Silicon supply alleviated the necrotic browning in the leaves but did not affect the chlorosis caused by Mn toxicity. Silicon treatment did not appreciably alter the uptake of Mn by the plants. Electron probe X‐ray microanalysis revealed that Mn accumulated in high concentration around the necrotic brown spots and that Si supply prevented the uneven distribution of Mn in the tissues. Increase in the level of Mn supply caused an increase in peroxidase activity in the tissues, and Si supply prvented the increase in peroxidase activity.     

沪蓉西高速公路弃土场渣体侵蚀特征——以宜(昌)至长(阳)段为例

随着我国高速公路的迅速发展，由此形成的水土流失已成为突出的环境问题。为探讨高速公路建设期间弃土场渣体侵蚀规律，在沪蓉西高速公路宜长段Ⅰ标区弃土场布设观测小区进行定位观测和分析研究。结果表明：（1）降雨量与弃土场渣体侵蚀量呈显著的正相关关系。在不考虑影响坡面渣体侵蚀其它因素前提下，随降雨量的增大，渣体侵蚀量逐渐加大。（2）研究区堆渣体沟蚀发生严重，局部坡面渣体侵蚀量高达92848t／km^2。调查发现沟深下切深度基本在40cm以内，受坡面汇水面积影响，从坡上到坡脚，堆渣侵蚀量逐渐加大。     

烘焙对生物质热解产物特性的影响

烘焙可有效地降低生物质中的水分和氧,对其热解过程有显著的影响。该文主要研究了烘焙温度（200,230,260,290℃）对生物质热解过程及产物特性的影响行为及影响机制;研究发现烘焙能改善热解产物的品质,随着烘焙温度的升高,热解合成气中CO含量由48%逐渐减少到34%,CH4和H2增加,其中H2含量最大增加了77.4%,而液体产物中,乙酸和水分含量逐渐减小,水分含量最大减少了42.8%,而酚类产物的含量明显增加,有利于生物油品质的提高。该研究为烘焙技术的发展和生物质高效热化学转化提供科学参考。     

坡面薄层水流流速测量的比较研究

在室内模拟水槽中分别用质心运动学原理、电解质脉冲法和流量法3种方法测量不同坡度、不同泥沙含量条件下的薄层水流流速。比较以上3种测量结果发现在下垫面无渗透时，即加入的盐液没有损失时，电解质脉冲法测量坡面薄层水流流速与质心运动速度及流量法测量结果基本是一致的。在泥沙含量较大时，电解质脉冲法测量结果的误差较大，流量对测量结果影响不显著；随着测量距离的延长，测量误差变小，这可能是随着测量距离的增加，加入电解质的时间与测量时间之比减小，从而使假设加入的电解质为电解质脉冲更加合理。总的来说，电解质脉冲法在实验条件下测量坡面薄层水流流速是可行的。     

姬松茸多糖提取工艺的优化

对姬松茸子实体多糖提取的工艺条件中的多糖提取温度、提取时间、浸提液pH值3因子的最优化组合问题进行了定量研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的姬松茸多糖提取条件的模型,并利用回归模型对工艺条件的最优化组合,对各单因子要素的多糖得率及其交互作用进行了探讨。试验表明,当浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为3h、浸提液pH值为6.3时多糖得率处于较高水平     

稀释介质种类对豆乳蛋白胶体粒子zeta电位测定效果的影响

蛋白粒子zeta电位是衡量豆乳体系稳定性的一个重要指标,而在电位分析前常采用稀释介质对豆乳进行预处理。为了确保zeta电位测定的准确性和科学性,必须选择合适的稀释介质。因此,该研究采用去离子水、豆乳超滤液两种稀释介质分别对豆乳进行稀释,并比较了这2种稀释介质对zeta电位、粒径分布、pH值以及电导率的影响。结果表明,若以去离子水为稀释介质,zeta电位的绝对值会随着稀释倍数的升高而显著增加（*P<0.05）,这主要是由于豆乳蛋白胶体粒子发生解聚导致粒径减小,而pH值的升高和电导率的降低则说明豆乳的离子强度显著降低。相比之下,选用豆乳超滤液稀释豆乳时,体系的 zeta 电位、粒径分布、pH值以及电导率都未随稀释倍数的增加而改变（*P>0.05）,说明此法能够较好地维持豆乳蛋白粒子的荷电稳定性。由此可知,豆乳超滤液可做为豆乳zeta电位测定的理想稀释介质。     

铰接车辆转向系统液压管路动态特性

对于铰接车辆转向系统,管路特性对转向系统性能影响较大,其影响因素不能被忽略。基于功率键合图－方块图方法及SIMULINK控制仿真软件,建立了铰接车辆转向系统液压管路至油缸及负载的通用数学模型。定量地研究分析了铰接车辆转向系统液压管路的动态特性以及液压管路参数对转向系统动态特性的影响。研究结果表明：对于小管径管路,液阻和液感较大,液容较小,系统振荡幅度小,响应速度快;随着管路长度的增加,液阻、液感和液容皆逐渐增大,系统振荡次数逐渐减少,振荡幅度逐渐减小,但是系统动态响应较慢;提高油液的等效体积弹性模量有利于改善系统的动态响应速度和稳定性。     

昆明市植烟土壤养分状况分区评价

对昆明市各县区主要植烟土壤养分状况进行普查。结果表明:各县区植烟土壤pH总体适宜,而有机质含量和氮、磷、镁、硫和锌的平均有效含量普遍过高;钾、锰、钼和氯除个别县区外,总体不缺,但所有县区均普遍缺硼。各县区内各植烟土壤间养分状况有较大差异,均有相当比例的土壤其pH、有机质、磷、钾、镁、锰、钼和氯等一种或多种指标同时存在偏低或过高的现象。在烤烟施肥及土壤酸碱性改良等方面,各县区应强调因地制宜、分类指导,避免"一刀切",以尽可能提高植烟土壤的养分均衡供应能力。     

Confirmation of bioactivities of active ingredients of nemarioc-AL and nemafric-BL phytonematicides

Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides consistently reduced populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. The contribution of juvenile hatch inhibition to the overall reduction of the nematode numbers by the two phytonematicides, with cucurbitacin A and B as active ingredients, respectively, remains undocumented. The objectives of this study were to examine (i) the response of Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) hatch to increasing concentration of cucurbitacins A and B, (ii) the potential saturation of J2 hatch when exposed to cucurbitacins for extended incubation periods, (iii) the minimum inhibition concentration for J2 hatch and (iv) the reversibility of J2 hatch inhibition.. Eggs of M. incognita were exposed to a series of purified cucurbitacin A and B concentrations over five incubation periods of 24, 48, 72?h and extended incubation periods of 7 and 10 days. Methanol-dissolved cucurbitacin A and B were each diluted and pipetted into well-plates making 11 concentrations, ranging from 0.0 to 2.5 µg.ml^?1 water solvent. Juvenile counts were made after 24, 48 and 72?h, with those for saturation assessed at 7 and 10 days. Thereafter, treatments were diluted five times, incubated again for 5 days and counted to establish reversibility of J2 hatch inhibition. In all incubation periods, treatment effects were highly significant (P?≤?0.01), with J2 hatch and cucurbitacin concentrations exhibiting quadratic relations. Minimum inhibition concentrations of the two cucurbitacins were between 1.13 and 1.40?µg.ml^?1. Treatment effects for reversibility to J2 hatch inhibition were not significant (P?>?0.05). In conclusion, J2 hatch inhibition could be one of the waysthrough which the two phytonematicides reduced population densities of Meloidogyne species.