番茄环斑病毒单克隆抗体的制备及检测

将纯化的番茄环斑病毒(Tomato ringspot virus,ToRSV)制剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,末次免疫后第3天取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,采用选择性培养基、有限稀释法克隆和间接ELISA方法进行筛选,成功获得了2株分泌ToRSV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株并分别命名为1H8、1D4.用间接ELISA方法对所获得的2个杂交瘤细胞株进行亚型鉴定均为IgG1亚类.间接ELISA效价测定结果1H8为1:105,1D4为1:106.TAS-ELISA实验结果表明此2株杂交瘤细胞所分泌的单克隆抗体均能与本研究室保存的从德国引进的番茄环斑病毒分离物、从美国ATCC引进的番茄环斑病毒分离物PV-100、PV-174、PV-239发生特异性反应,而不与同属其它3种病毒:烟草环斑病毒(Tobacco ringspot virus,TRSV)、南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic virus,ArMV)、马铃薯黑环斑病毒(Potato black ringspot virus,PBRSV)发生反应.     

抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

为对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)建立更加有效的临床检测方法.用纯化的猪瘟兔化弱毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与Sp2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合.经ELISA方法筛选和3次亚克隆,最终获得了5株能稳定传代并分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为:C7,C9,G9,G10和4E8,其分泌的单克隆抗体(McAb)为IgG1(G9,4E8)和IgG2a(C7.C9,G10)亚类.经鉴定,5株单抗细胞培养上清效价为1:1 600～1:3200,腹水效价为1:51200～1:102400.交叉试验及特异性抗原阻断试验表明,所制备的McAb与其他抗原无交叉反应性,均完全针对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗原决定簇,具有高度特异性.稳定性试验表明,制备的杂交瘤细胞株经连续传代25代和经3次冻存复苏后,仍能稳定分泌特异性抗体.抗CSFV McAb的成功制备,为进一步研究CSFV的生物学特性及其快速诊断方法的建立奠定了基础.     

分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

采用单克隆抗体制备技术,建立了分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,液氮保存4年后复苏,细胞在HAT选择培养基中生长旺盛,分泌抗体稳定,分别命名为YNF1,YNF2,YNF3,YNF4,杂交瘤细胞染色体数介于96~115条。细胞培养上清和腹水的单抗间接ELISA效价分别为1∶80~1∶160和1∶5 000~1∶10 000。在间接ELISA和夹心ELISA检测中单抗与猪瘟病毒呈特异性反应,与正常的猪、兔肾组织提取液及其血清Ig无交叉。抗体蛋白属IgG类,亚类及轻链分别为IgG1/λ,IgG2a/κ,IgG2a/λ,IgG1/λ。结果表明,4株杂交瘤是分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的细胞株,可长期传代无限分泌单抗,是进一步研究猪瘟病毒和开发敏感、特异、快速诊断猪瘟试剂盒和试纸探针的免疫学特异性试剂来源。     

IPMA筛选猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒单克隆抗体方法研究

为了得到一种能够高通量检测细胞培养物的方法,并将其用于筛选特异性强、敏感度高的抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)单克隆抗体。用每孔能感染约100个细胞的病毒量接种单层覆盖96孔板的Marc-145细胞,12 h后用含3%H_2O_2的甲醇固定细胞,以制备免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验(IPMA)反应板。以100μL/孔的量将融合后继续培养10 d的杂交瘤细胞的培养上清加入至IPMA反应板,以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠IgG-HRP作为二抗,以3-氨基-9-乙基咔唑(AEC)作为显色底物,于倒置显微镜下进行观察。结果表明,共筛选出1D1、7G8等39份PRRSV单克隆抗体,这39份单抗能够使PRRSV中高致病毒株HN07-1和经典毒株BJ-4感染的Marc-145细胞被特异性染色,而对猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒感染的Marc-145细胞无交叉染色。因此,构建的IPMA方法能够敏感、准确地捕捉到PRRSV单克隆抗体。     

抗犬I型腺病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

摘要：目的　制备抗犬I型腺病毒单克隆抗体。方法　犬I型腺病毒(CAV-I)细胞培养液经饱和硫酸铵沉淀,差速离心浓缩,氯化铯密度梯度离心纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,三免后效价过1：10000即可取脾细胞与SP2/0细胞在聚乙二醇（PEG）作用下融合,通过间接ELISA方法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,有限稀释法亚克隆,制备单克隆抗体,并对制备完成的单克隆抗体进行生物学特性鉴定。结果　获得2株能稳定分泌抗CAV-I的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞,命名为C8、E9,经鉴定其亚型分别为IgG1和IgG2a。经ELISA检测,2株单抗的细胞上清液效价为1∶1600~1∶3200,其腹水效价为1∶25600~1∶51200。该单克隆抗体与CDV、FPV、FCV病毒均无交叉反应。结论　成功制备了抗CAV-I单克隆抗体,为进一步建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

IBDV单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其应用

用经硫酸铵沉淀、高速离心并用蔗糖密度梯度离心提纯的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)免疫BALB/C小鼠.取免疫鼠脾细胞与NS—1小鼠骨髓瘤细胞触合,共获11株阳性杂交瘤细胞.经3次克隆化和ELISA检测,筛选出3个(1B_1、5D_6、6D_8)能持续分泌抗IBDV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.细胞上清液的ELISA效价为1B_1,3.2×10~(-2);5D_6,6.4×10~(-2);6D_8,3.2×10~(-2).腹水效价为1B_1,1.6×10~(-5);5D_6,8×10~(-4);6D_8,4×10~(-3).3株杂交瘤细胞的染色体数分别为105(1B_1),97(5D_6),85(6D_8).它们所产生的单抗皆为IgG1,所对抗的抗原决定簇不相同.3株McAb皆有沉淀特性.利用间接ELISA抑制试验,在诊断中进行了应用.     

RHDV VLPs单克隆抗体的制备及其识别表位的初步定位

为了筛选兔出血症病毒(RHDV)衣壳蛋白(VP60)的特异性单抗,并进一步分析单抗识别表位的分布情况,将重组杆状病毒r Ac V-Bac-VP60接种Sf9昆虫细胞,收获细胞培养物,电镜观察显示重组VP60蛋白获得有效表达,并可组装成病毒样粒子(VLPs)。将RHDV VLPs作为免疫原与等量弗氏佐剂乳化,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经3次亚克隆后,获得11株能稳定分泌抗RHDV VLPs抗体的阳性杂交瘤细胞株。间接ELISA、IFA和Western Blot鉴定结果表明,这11株单克隆抗体均能够特异地识别RHDV VLPs和天然RHDV。11株单抗均为Ig G1,其中1D4和3F7的轻链为Lambda型,其余均为Kappa型。截短表达结果显示,单抗5A3针对RHDV VP60的NTA区,5F3针对RHDV VP60的S区,单抗1B8、1D4、3D11、3F7、4C2、4G2、5G2、5H3和6B2针对RHDV VP60的P区。研究为RHDV VLPs抗原表位的鉴定和RHDV结构功能的研究奠定了基础,同时为RHDV的检测和新型疫苗研究提供物质基础。     

抗谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

以纯化的谷胱甘肽转移酶标签蛋白(GST)免疫Balb/C小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与NSO骨髓瘤细胞按常规方法融合,用纯化的GST经间接ELISA筛选,阳性孔经3次有限稀释法亚克隆,最终获得2株抗GST的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4B7-F4和4B7-F4.间接ELISA检测4B7-E4、4B7-F4细胞培养上清的效价分...     

鸭肝炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备

本实验利用弗式完全佐剂和弗式不完全佐剂,乳化病毒,制备免疫抗原,对BALB/c小鼠进行三次免疫。将免疫效价达到1：10000以上的免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞进行融合,通过间接ELISA方法对阳性杂交瘤细胞株进行筛选,并通过有限稀释法将呈强阳性的杂交瘤细胞亚克隆3～4次,直到杂交瘤细胞阳性率达到100%。得到阳性株命名为2E3,对阳性株细胞进行扩大培养,并将细胞注入腹腔,提取腹水,测定细胞上清及腹水的效价,分别为10×25,10×26。利用亚类鉴定试剂盒测定单抗的亚类。鉴定结果为IgG1型。     

新霉素单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性鉴定

用碳二亚胺(EDC)法将新霉素(NEO)偶联于载体蛋白BSA和OVA,合成免疫原BSA-NEO和包被原OVA-NEO,用红外扫描(IR)、SDS-PAGE进行鉴定;用BSA-NEO免疫BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选择细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术建立分泌NEOmAb细胞株,用体内诱生腹水法制备NEOmAb;对NEOmAb的效价、亲和性、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定.结果表明,成功制备了BSA-NEO人工抗原;筛选出1E9、4E8、1G1共3株敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞,间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清分别为1:2.56×103、1:1.28×103、1:5.12×103,腹水效价分别为1:5.12×105、1:2.56×105、1:1.02×106,1G1亲和常数(Ka)为3.75×1010(L/mol);1G1株对NEO的IC50为2.57 ng/mL,NEO mAb对庆大霉素、链霉素、土霉素、环丙沙星、二氟沙星等无交叉反应.试验获得了抗NEO高价、敏感、特异的mAb,可用于NEO残留检测的免疫学试验.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.