野生狍粪便寄生虫虫卵的检测

正狍是欧亚大陆常见的一种中小型鹿科反刍动物~([1])。目前,狍已经被列入黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省重点保护野生动物名录,濒危等级易危~([2]),其主要分布在我国的东北、内蒙古、青海、河北向南至浙江和新疆等地区。凉水国家级自然保护区(东经128°53'20″,北纬47°10'50″)位于黑龙江省伊春市带岭区,保护区内存在着野生狍,由于该保护区内自然生态环境较为恶劣,野生狍栖息生境一旦遭受破坏,很难恢复到原有状态,因此凉水国家级自然保护区野生狍种群资源亟     

影响东北地区野猪(Sus scrofa)生境选择的主要生态因子

野猪(Sus scrofa)是我国重要的野生经济动物之一。近年来,由于生境破坏严重,造成野猪与人类发生冲突。文中以国内外相关资料作为参考,从食物丰富度、隐蔽度、坡度与坡位、水源和海拔6类主要生态因子综述了影响东北地区野猪生境选择的生态机制。     

狍实验性瘤胃瘘管手术

狍是哺乳纲、真兽亚纲、偶蹄目、反刍亚目、鹿科、狍属动物，在我国主要分布于东北、西北地区，是国家二级保护的野生动物。由于狍肉、狍茸、狍鞭、狍心及狍血等产品具有极高的营养和药用价值，因此这些产品一直供不应求。长期以来，人们主要以猎捕野生狍的方式获取狍产品，导致野生狍濒临灭绝的厄运。     

野狍的人工科学饲养技术

1 野狍的特点 野狍俗称狍子，学名矮鹿，属双蹄目鹿科动物，现为国家野生保护动物。近年来产区不法分子过度偷猎，使野生资源非常稀少。野狍家养的成功，不仅有利于保持野生资源，也为我国广大城乡探索出一条新的致富之路。 野狍素有“草上飞”之称。它反应敏捷，行动迅速，性情活泼，胆小易惊，喜欢群居。野狍体形匀称，体质健壮，适应性和抗病力极强，且易驯化、好管理，食物来源广泛，各种阔叶树叶、野生杂草、农作物秸秆、水果皮、蔬菜等都是野狍喜食的饲料。2 饲养管理 饲养野狍要做好以下三方面工作： （1）建圈舍。狍圈一般建在庭院…     

野狍的人工科学饲养技术

1　野狍的特点野狍俗称狍子 ,学名矮鹿 ,属双蹄目鹿科动物 ,现为国家野生保护动物。因其肉质纯瘦、味道鲜美、营养丰富、为高级宾馆野味佳肴 ,同时也是高效创汇产品 ,因此近年来产区不法分子过度偷猎 ,使野生资源非常稀少。野狍家养的成功 ,不仅有利于保护野生资源 ,也为我国广大城乡探索出一条新的致富之路。野狍素有“草上飞”之称。它反应敏捷 ,行动迅速 ,性情活泼 ,胆小易惊 ,喜欢群居。野狍体形匀称 ,体质健壮 ,适应性和抗病力极强 ,且易驯化、好管理 ,食物来源广泛 ,各种阔叶树叶、野生杂草、农作物秸杆、水果皮、蔬菜等都是野狍喜食…     

野狍的人工饲养技术

1　野狍的特点野狍俗称狍子 ,学名矮鹿 ,属双蹄目鹿科动物 ,现为国家野生保护动物。因其肉质纯瘦、味道鲜美、营养丰富为高级野味佳肴 ,同时也是高效创汇产品。因为近年来产区不法分子过度偷猎 ,使野生资源遭受严重的破坏。野狍家养的成功 ,不仅有利于保护野生资源 ,也为我国广大养殖户探索出一条新的致富之路。野狍素有“草上飞”之称。它反应敏捷 ,行动迅速 ,性情活泼 ,胆小易惊 ,喜欢群居。野狍体形匀称 ,体格健壮 ,适应性和抗病力极强 ,且易驯化、好管理 ,食源广泛 ,各种阔叶树叶、野生杂草、农作物秸秆、水果皮、蔬菜等都是野狍喜食的…     

野狍圈养技术探讨

狍,别名野狍,狍子,野羊;学名矮鹿,偶蹄兽、鹿科。其茸、血、肉具有很高的经济价值和药用价值,为国家省级重点野生保护动物。据考证,我国河北、内蒙古东部以及东北等省、自治区分布数量为最多。但是目前在其主要分布地区狍有逐年减少的趋势,为了有效利用和保护宝贵的自然资源,使狍变野生为家养,逐渐转为集约化圈养,是充分利用野狍资源行之有效的途径。下面就我校野狍驯养基地及他人驯狍经验做一简要的总结。     

狍的生物学特性

作者根据教学和实践，利用学校野生动物教学实习基地，对野生狍进行研究和观察，同时查阅国内外有关狍的技术资料，分析、综合、归纳，阐述了狍的生物学分类地位和亚种特征、被毛的变化、茸角的生长规律、野生状态的栖息环境和采食的饲料、群体的结构、繁殖生理特点和繁殖周期及嗅觉和视觉特征等生物学特性。科学掌握狍的生物学特性，为进一步开展狍的科学驯化和饲养奠定基础。     

狍的生物学特性

作者根据教学和实践,利用学校野生动物教学实习基地,对野生狍进行研究和观察,同时查阅国内外有关狍的技术资料,分析、综合、归纳,阐述了狍的生物学分类地位和亚种特征、被毛的变化、茸角的生长规律、野生状态的栖息环境和采食的饲料、群体的结构、繁殖生理特点和繁殖周期及嗅觉和视觉特征等生物学特性.科学掌握狍的生物学特性,为进一步开展狍的科学驯化和饲养奠定基础.     

狍Sry基因PCR扩增的初步研究

为研究狍性别决定机制,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对野生狍(Capreoluscapreolus)(n♀=2,n♂=2)Sry基因(哺乳动物Y染色体DNA雄性特异区)进行扩增。根据人的SRY基因核心序列设计合成了1对引物1,2。结果在野生狍雄性个体中扩增出1条带,大小约为220bp,而在雌性个体中未见扩增带,表明了Sry基因的性别特异性,为探讨野生狍的性别决定机制提供了分子资料。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …