Histomorphometry investigation and mechanism exploration of postmenopausal osteoporosis

AIM: To explore the pathophysiological mechanism of postmenopausal osteoporosis, we established an animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis and investigated the loss of bone mass.METHODS: Thirty-one female SD rats (three months old) were randomly divided into two groups: sixteen ovariectomized (OVX) and fifteen sham-operated group as control. At post-operated day 28, seven rats of either OVX group or sham-operated group were sacrificed. At post-operated day 56, the rest of either were sacrificed. The wet weight of the uteruses were measured and the changes of bone micro-architecture were studied by bone mineral density (BMD) and the data of bone histomorphometry. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the mean wet weight and the bone density of proximal tibia 1/3 section of the OVX group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05); Data of bone histomorphormetry showed that the trabecular percentage area of metaphysis of both distal femur and proximal tibia was significantly decreased (P＜0.01) both at post-operated day 28 and day 56, so were the number of trabecular bone and the thickness of trabecular bone; but no significance was observed in epiphysis.CONCLUSION: BMD and the data of bone histomorphometry at distal femur decreased steadily while those of at proximal tibia did sharply and unsteadily; the early loss of bone mass after ovariectomy was found in metaphysis of long bones.     

Effect of Siduqing decoction,a Chinese medicine,on survival rate and multiple organ dysfunction in mice challenged with LPS

AIM: To investigate the effect of siduqing decoction, a Chinese medicine, on survival rate and multiple organ dysfunction in mice challenged with LPS. METHODS: Mice were administered intragastrically with Siduqing decoction or distilled water (0.2 ml/10 g) twice a day for 3 days, two hours after Chinese herbal medicine treatment on day 3, LPS or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally, and survival rates in each group were recorded at 12-h intervals. In another experiment, mice were sacrificed at 12 h after LPS, lung, liver, kidney and small intestine were collected and processed for the H & E staining. In addition, Blood was collected at 10 h after LPS injection for determining alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) contents. RESULTS: At 96 h after LPS injection, the survival rate (27%, n=34) was lower in LPS group than Siduqing treatment group (65%, n=31, P<0.05). ALT activity, BUN and Cr contents in serum were higher in LPS group than control group, Siduqing treatment significantly attenuated a increase in ALT activity, BUN and Cr content in serum induced by LPS. Histological examination showed inflammatory injury in the lung and intestine, hemorrhage in the lung and kidney, degeneration, necrosis in the liver and kidney, while Siduqing treatment attenuated pathological changes induced by LPS. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that Siduqing has a protective effect against LPS-induced multiple organ injury and increases survival rate in mice challenged with LPS.     

Effects of component of some Chinese herbs on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

AIM: To observe the effects of some component of Chinese herbs for external use on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and investigate the mechanism of promoting tissue repair. METHODS: The method of MTT was used to examine the effects of Rg1, Rh1, perlolyrine, cinnamyl aldehyde, muscone, astragaluspolysaccharin (APS), velver antler polypeptide (VAP) and soluble extract of boswellia carterii birdw (BCB) on proliferation of HUVEC. RESULTS: APS did not promote proliferation of HUVEC at 9.75 mg/L-2.5 g/L; Rh1 promoted proliferation of HUVEC at 1.94 mg/L-0.5 g/L (P<0.05 or P＜0.01), and Rg1 inhibited proliferation of HUVEC at 31 mg/L (P<0.05); VAP promoted proliferation of HUVEC at 1 mg/L-0.5 g/L with optimal dose of 10 mg/L (P<0.01), Cinnamyl aldehyde promoted proliferation of HUVEC at 2 g/L(P＜0. 05); Muscone and soluble extract of BCB inhibited proliferation of HUVEC at 1 g/L, 0.5-2.5 kg/L(P＜0. 01), respectively; Perlolyrine inhibited proliferation of HUVEC at 0.125 g/L-0.5 g/L(P＜0. 01). CONCLUSION: The external herbs for supplementing Qi and warming Yang can promote HUVEC proliferation and improve angiogenesis during tissue repair. The external herbs for promoting blood circulation and accelerating capillary movement may have influence upon other stages of tissue repair.     

The inhibitory effect of Chinese medicine Jinan injectionon Lewis lung cancer in mice

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Chinese medicine Jinan injection(JA) on Lewis lung cancer (LLC) in mice.METHODS:The C₅₇BL／6J mice with Lewis lung cancer(LLC) were divided into normal saline(NS), Jinan high dose (JAH), Jinan middle dose (JAM), Jinan low dose (JAL) and cyclophosphamide(CTX) groups. The body weight changes and inhibitory rate of LLC in each group were observed. In addition, flow cytometry and TUNEL were used to detect the anticancer mechanism of Jinan.RESULTS:The body weights were increased significantly in JA-treated groups vs CTX and the resistant rate was 45.79%, 40.90%, 32.48% and 98.96%, respectively. The apoptotic rate was 24.19%, 14.95% and 13.93% in JAH, JAM and JAL, respectively, and the Jinan induced apoptosis of LIC in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION:Jinan injection inhibites the growth of LLC, and the apoptosis induction may be one of mechanisms that Jinan treates LLC in mice.     

Effect of Chinese recipe of replenishing kidney and activating blood circulation on senile osteoporosis of male rats

AIM: To evaluate efficiency of Chinese recipe of replenishing kidney and activating blood circulation (CRRKABC) to stave senile osteoporosis(OP) of male rats. METHODS: Forty male SD rats at age o12 months were randomly divided into 4 groups: ①24 months background control; ②27 months aging control; ③CRRKABC (low dose) and ④CRRKABC (high dose). General bone mineral density (GBMD), femur bending strength (FBS), serum-BGP and urine-Hyp/Cr were measured. RESULTS: GBMD and FBS in CRRKABC (H) group were significantly higher than those in 27 months aging control group, but lower than 24 months background control group (P<0.05); GBMD, FBS in CRRKABC groups were slightly higher than those in nylestriol's group (P>0.05). Furthermore, the level of serum-BGP in CRRKABC(H) group was higher and level of U-Hyp/Cr was lower than 27 months aging control group (P<0.05) but very close to that of 24 months background control group. The level of serum-BGP in CRRKABC (L) group was lower and level of U-Hyp/Cr was higher than 24 months background control group (P<0.05) but very close to that of 27 months background control group. CONCLUSION: CRRKABC could control osteoporosis in male rats induced by aging, in a dosedependant manner.     

Effects of thymopeptide and 4 polysaccharides isolated from Chinese medicine on immune functions of spleen and tumor tissues in U14 cervical cancer-bearing mice

AIM: To identify the enhancement of relatively specific immune responses by thymopeptide and 4 polysaccharides isolated from traditional Chinese medicine in the mice bearing cervical cancer. METHODS: The model of cervical cancer-bearing mice was established by implantation of cervical cancer U14 cells into the armpit of the right forelimb of the mice. Beginning from the 2nd day of tumor implantation, 4 polysaccharides Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), Ganodema lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) and Panax ginseng polysaccharide (PGP)], thymopeptide or saline solution were intragastric administered for 21 days according to the experimental design. The animals were then killed, the tumor inhibitory rate and spleen index in treatment groups were compared with those in control group. The splenic T-lymphocytes (TLC) and natural killer (NK) cells, and the content of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the tumor tissues were also determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The order of tumor inhibitory rates was: ASP < PGP < thymopeptide < LBP < GLP. The effects of GLP, LBP and thymopeptide were statistically different from that of control group. No difference of tumor inhibition between PGP/ASP groups and control group was observed. The order of spleen index was: ASP < tumor control group < thymopeptide < GLP < PGP < LBP, that of CD4/CD8 enhancement was: PGP < ASP < GLP < thymopeptide < LBP, and that of CD49b⁺ NK hyperplasia was: ASP < thymopeptide < LBP < GLP < PGP,with statistically significant differences among the groups. The changes of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the tumor tissues showed that Th1/Th2 in thymopeptide group, LBP group and GLP group shifted to Th1. No shift to Th1 in PGP group and ASP group was observed. CONCLUSION: LBP, GLP and thymopeptide show significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice and can enhance the immune functions in the animals.     

芥蓝生长发育过程中生理生化指标的变化

对芥蓝生长发育过程中生理生化指标的变化结果表明,丙二醛（MDA）、游离脯氨酸（Pro）和维生素C（VC）的含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性具有明显的阶段特异性。植株体内较高的VC与可溶性蛋白质含量和CAT、POD、SOD活性以及较低的MDA含量有利于花芽分化和菜薹形成。     

枣、酸枣授粉生物学基础研究

采用离体培养技术对27个枣品种和酸枣的枣吊花蕾量、单花花粉量、花药开裂时间、花粉发芽率以及枣和酸枣单花不同开放阶段的花粉生活力和花粉贮藏特性进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)不同枣品种和酸枣的枣吊花蕾量、单花花粉量、花粉发芽率存在极大差异,利用数量性状的概率分级体系可将它们分别分为3级;(2)枣和酸枣的花药开裂时间在蕾黄或蕾裂期;(3)从蕾裂到瓣平期的花粉发芽率极显著的高于蕾黄期、雄蕊展平期和雄蕊下垂期;(4)花粉贮藏后发芽率表现为下降—上升—下降的大体趋势。对杂交育种中父母本的选择、花粉采集和去雄的适宜时期也进行了讨论。     

NaCl溶液克服萝卜自交不亲和性研究

利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液对2个萝卜自交不亲和系进行自交不亲和性研究。试验结果表明,NaCl溶液能克服萝卜自交不亲和性,但不同浓度处理之间差异显著。其中3％NaCl溶液处理后,2个材料的亲和指数分别为3．08和3．32,与其他浓度处理差异达到极其显著水平,说明3％NaCl溶液克服萝卜自交不亲和性效果最好。     

大棚青菜“1年多茬”绿色高效栽培技术

摘要：为了充分利用现代农业设施的有利条件，提高陕西关中地区大棚叶菜复种指数，增加菜农种植效益，经过连续多年的实地走访调研，总结提出了大棚青菜“1年多茬”绿色高效栽培技术。通过建造适宜设施、合理安排茬口、改良棚土、改良灌溉方式等措施，以及改善土壤的微生物菌群，提高土壤的团粒结构和有机质含量，配合优良品种的选择应用、科学的田间管理、病虫害绿色防治及适时采收等技术措施，实现了1年种植6～7茬，化肥和农药用量分别减少20%，用药次数减少30%，单茬平均667 m2产量达到1 380～1 730 kg，667 m2单茬产值0.8万～1.0万元，667 m2年产值5.7万～7.0万元。在满足当地蔬菜市场供应的同时，提高了菜农的种植效益。     

Inhibition of flower stalk elongation and abnormal flower development by short-day treatment in a Japanese variety of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel)

Chinese chive is produced year-round in Japan, therefore it is important to demonstrate the relationships of short-day (SD) conditions with flower stalk elongation and flower formation for optimizing the cropping system, e.g. the increase in harvests per year. To clarify the influence of short photoperiod on flower stalk elongation and flower formation in Chinese chive, 8 h SD treatments were applied at different developmental stages of flower stalk elongation and flower formation. When the SD treatment started from vegetative or floral-initiated stages, the earlier the SD treatment started, the fewer flower stalks appeared. Also, the earlier the SD treatment started, the less the flowers bloomed and the more the flower stalk elongation was inhibited at the end of SD treatments. Many involucres did not open and withered with death of florets in SD when the SD treatment started between the umbel or flower bud differentiation and the perianth to stamen-formation stages. Also, all or part of the florets aborted and there were no complete inflorescences in the later SD treatments. We found that, in Chinese chive, the development of flower stalk elongation and flower formation were inhibited with the earlier SD treatment, after vegetative or floral-initiated stages. Furthermore, it is considered that Chinese chive needs long-day (LD) for the flower stalk elongation and inflorescence formation after the initiation of the flower bud. The plant has a qualitative LD requirement with the same photoperiodic requirement for both flower bud initiation and flower development.     

盐胁迫下枣叶片蛋白质组差异的分析

【目的】为了探明盐胁迫下枣蛋白表达的差异,【方法】以较耐盐碱的‘七月鲜’枣品种的扦插苗为材料,经过临界浓度(0.60%)的钠盐(NaCl)处理,取其叶片进行蛋白质双向电泳,经ImageMaster 2D分析,【结果】结果表明,处理与对照之间总蛋白的整体分布模式非常相似,在pH 3~10和MW50~90 kD内的蛋白点分布最多,处理与对照之间量变倍数大于1.5倍的差异点有26个,其中6个蛋白受胁迫上调,20个蛋白受胁迫下调。在上调的蛋白质点中,3个点受盐胁迫诱导增加了近4倍,2个蛋白质点相对丰度增加了2倍以上,表现出强烈的盐诱导特性。说明他们可能在枣的抗盐机制中发挥重要作用。在下调的蛋白质点中,2个点相对丰度降低至对照的5倍左右,表现出强烈的盐抑制特性,说明其可能是对盐胁迫比较敏感的2个蛋白质或多肽,并且在枣的抗盐性机制中也发挥比较重要的作用。【结论】在临界浓度钠盐胁迫下,枣叶片蛋白质表达有显著差异。     

萘乙酸对芥蓝根、芽生长的影响

以芥蓝种子为试材,研究不同浓度萘乙酸(NAA)营养液对芥蓝幼苗根、茎、芽生长的影响.结果表明:不同浓度的萘乙酸培养液对芥蓝的生长有不同的影响,即有不同程度的促进或抑制作用.其中0.001 mg/L NAA对侧根的生长表现出促进作用,同时对子叶生长也表现出促进作用,并且对根重和根长有促进作用;0.0001 mg/L对根重和根长有促进作用,但对侧根的生长(根数)没有促进作用;0.1～10 mg/L浓度范围内的NAA对芥蓝幼苗的生长有抑制作用,但10 mg/L对茎的加粗却表现出明显的促进作用.     

—大白菜干烧心病发生过程中心叶组织Ca^2＋定位及超微结构变化

采用电镜细胞化学技术，研究了人为诱导大白菜干烧心病发生过程中心叶组织细胞的Ｃａ２＋定位和超微结构变化。结果表明，正常植株叶片细胞内钙主要分布于液泡、细胞壁和叶绿体的膜片层结构中；试验处理植株随着缺钙天数的增加，细胞壁膜上的钙被释放沉淀到细胞间隙，叶绿体片层膜上的Ｃａ２＋释放到胞液中。缺钙后期，细胞内钙沉淀明显减少。同时细胞结构改变，质膜内陷，叶绿体膜和内膜系统破坏；随后细胞壁中胶层解体，可见症状出现时，细胞内隔消失，细菌侵入细胞间隙     

白菜和芜菁Ogura型雄性不育系与保持系的获得及其细胞学观察

 通过甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育材料与白菜、芜菁的种问杂交和连续回交，获得了不育性稳定的白菜、芜菁Ogura细胞质雄性不育系‘新选Ogu284’、‘矮脚黄Ogu33．14’和‘耐病 “18_4’及其相应的保持系。细胞形态学研究表明：虽然这3个不育系核背景不同，但花药败育时朗基本相同．均具有单核败育型的特征；小孢子到单核期后不再向前继续发育，而是迅速退化以至解体，丁F花前彻底败育；不育系的花药在减数分裂早期绒毡层细胞中已出现液泡．有肥大趋势，而正常花药绒毡 的发育在减数分裂过程中达到高峰，四分体时出现退化迹象，开花前完全解体。不同的Ogura细胞质雄性 育系，虽然核背景不同，但花药败育的时期基本相同，说明Og．ra CMS胞质互作关系稳定，受核背景影响小