β－蒎烯合成紫苏醇的研究

研究β－蒎烯制备紫苏醇过程中的各种影响因素。探讨了β－蒎烯的四醋酸铅氧化、异构、皂化等合成紫苏醇的工艺条件及产品质量分析，结果表明，投料比：β－蒎烯：四氧化三铅：冰醋酸为１：１：１６、温度为６０士２℃时氧化１ｈ；１６０～１７０℃异构１０～１２ｈ；７８℃皂化１ｈ，可得纯度为８４．５％的紫苏醇。产品质量与国外相比基本一致。为紫苏醇产品的工业化提供了依据。     

β—蒎烯合成紫苏醇的研究

研究β－蒎烯制备紫苏醇过程中的各种影响因素。探讨了β－蒎烯的四醋酸铅氧化，异构，皂化等合成紫苏醇的工艺条件及产品质量分析，结果表明，投料比：β－蒎烯：四氧化三铅：冰醋酸为１：１：１６，温度为６０±２℃时氧化１ｈ；１６０－１７０℃异构１０－１２ｈ；７８℃皂化１ｈ，可得纯度为８４．５％的紫苏醇。产品质量与国外相比基本一致。为紫苏醇产品的工业化提供了依据。     

紫苏醇酯的合成及除草活性研究

以紫苏醇为原料,酰氯为酯化试剂,三乙胺作缚酸剂,合成了10种不同结构的紫苏醇酯(2a～2j),得率为50%～90%。通过FT-IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和GC-MS表征了紫苏醇酯类化合物的结构,采用平皿法评价了其对稗草的除草活性。活性评价结果表明:紫苏醇酯对稗草根和茎的生长均有一定抑制作用,其中以紫苏醇正丁酸酯(2i)的除草活性最好,当其浓度为10 mmol/L时对稗草茎和根的生长抑制率分别为90.5%和85.3%,半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))值分别为1.53和2.48 mmol/L。     

陈山红心杉乙醇抽提物化学成分研究

采用GC-MS检测方法分别研究了20年生、30年生红心杉和普通杉木中边材及心材乙醇抽提物化学成分组成. 研究表明,醇提物中主要化学成分为:柏木脑和香紫苏醇. 醇提物中柏木脑百分含量范围:29.11%~52.54%,香紫苏醇百分含量范围:3.57%~24.77%. 红心杉和普通杉木心材中柏木脑含量均高于边材中柏木脑含量. 红心杉边材和心材中柏木脑含量均随着树龄的增加而增加,且柏木脑在木材中的横向分布,随树龄的增加呈同步增长趋势.红心杉和普通杉木,心材中香紫苏醇含量均高于边材中香紫苏醇含量.红心杉边材和心材中香紫苏醇含量均随树龄的增加而增加,且心材中香紫苏醇含量约为边材中含量5倍.     

紫苏醛合成研究进展

紫苏醛是一种重要的香料及医用有机中间体。本文主要综述了近年来紫苏醛合成的研究状况以及各种合成路线的优缺点,尤其是以α—蒎烯和β—蒎烯为起始原料的路线,并讨论和展望了未来反应和催化剂的改进和研究方向。为今后研究提供相关资料信息,以便更好地开发利用紫苏醛的价值。     

东紫苏挥发油的化学组成及其抗氧化活性研究

通过蒸馏对东紫苏挥发油进行提取，利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析其化学成分，并采用DPPH自由基清除法对其抗氧化活性进行测定。结果显示：东紫苏挥发油中检测出16种化合物，占总挥发油质量的80.32%,其中桉树醇的相对质量分数最高，占43.57%。东紫苏挥发油在1.83～8.29 mg/mL浓度范围内，与DPPH自由基清除率呈现出良好的量效关系，IC50值为12.25 mg/mL,表明东紫苏挥发油具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

合成气制低碳混合醇单管放大试验的研究

选择生物质气化制低碳混合醇作为开发对象,在实验室完成了3 mL级低碳混合醇合成催化剂的筛选工作和寿命考察,进行了催化剂的放大制备;并将选定的催化剂应用于300 mL单管低碳醇合成装置,考察反应温度和循环比等对催化剂的CO转化率、总醇合成收率和C2+醇选择性的影响,对低碳醇合成工艺进行优化,结果表明:试验在压力5 MPa、温度280℃和进塔气流量3 000 L/h(空速10 000 h-1)条件下,CO转化率达30%,总醇和C2+醇选择性分别为50%和35%,总醇时空产率达0.215 kg/(kg.h)(相对于催化剂)。这为千吨级低碳醇合成中试奠定基础。     

香茅醇的合成研究进展

香茅醇是广谱的香料原料，对香茅醇的研究具有很大的经济价值。天然的香茅醇存在于70多种精油中，合成的香茅醇主要通过天然产物为原料的半合成法、利用石化产品为原料的全合成法得到。本文对这些方法予以较全面介绍，并重点介绍以二氢月桂烯为原料的几种合成方法。同时对各类方法的优缺点及生产工艺加以评述。     

Single-tube Amplification Test of Biomass-based Synthesis Gas to Prepare Mixed Alcohols

选择生物质气化制低碳混合醇作为开发对象,在实验室完成了3 mL级低碳混合醇合成催化剂的筛选工作和寿命考察,进行了催化剂的放大制备;并将选定的催化剂应用于300 mL单管低碳醇合成装置,考察反应温度和循环比等对催化剂的CO转化率、总醇合成收率和C2+醇选择性的影响,对低碳醇合成工艺进行优化,结果表明:试验在压力5 MPa、温度280℃和进塔气流量3000 L/h(空速10000 h-1)条件下,CO转化率达30％,总醇和C2+醇选择性分别为50％和35％,总醇时空产率达0.215 kg/( kg·h)(相对于催化剂).这为千吨级低碳醇合成中试奠定基础.     

紫苏的人工栽培技术

从选地、田间管理、病虫害防治及采收等几个方面讲述紫苏的人工栽培技术,旨在为紫苏的种植、病虫害防治进行了全面、系统的总结归纳,为紫苏的人工栽培管理技术提供了理论依据和实施方法。     

苦楝果乙醇粗提物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食行为的影响

探讨了苦楝Melia azadarach果的乙醇粗提物对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 5龄幼虫取食行为的影响。结果表明,经苦楝果乙醇粗提物处理后的斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫,其10h内发生的取食活动和取食问间隔的次数减少,平均每次取食活动和取食时间间隔持续的时间延长;在每次取食活动中,用于取食的时间明显减少,这反映苦楝果乙醇粗提物能显著影响斜纹夜蛾的取食行为。     

羧酸制备伯胺的方法综述

系统综述了羧酸制备伯胺的各种常用方法,包括羧酸通过酰胺化制备伯胺和羧酸还原为醇、酮或醛后再经氨解反应得到伯胺,以及羧酸直接转化为伯胺的方法,并指出了各种方法的优点以及存在的问题.最后,对羧酸制备伯胺的方法进行了展望.     

尖峰岭野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝菌丝多糖含量比较

灵芝菌丝多糖是灵芝的主要活性成分之一。采用醇沉水提法提取灵芝菌丝多糖,并用蒽酮一硫酸法测定不同菌株灵芝分别在不同制种阶段的多糖含量。结果表明：这三种灵芝菌株的菌丝多糖含量均是一级种比二级种高,二级种比三级种高;一级种和二级种的菌丝多糖含量均是野生灵芝比人工栽培灵芝高;三级种菌丝多糖含量,野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝菌丝多糖含...     

Sinapyl alcohol-specific peroxidase isoenzyme catalyzes the formation of the dehydrogenative polymer from sinapyl alcohol

Two peroxidases, CWPO-A and CWPO-C, were isolated from the cell walls of poplar (Populus alba L.) callus culture. The cationic CWPO-C showed a strong preference for sinapyl alcohol over coniferyl alcohol as substrate. Thus, the monolignol utilization of CWPO-C is unique compared with other peroxidases, including anionic CWPO-A and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). CWPO-C polymerized oligomeric sinapyl alcohol (S-oligo) and sinapyl alcohol, producing a polymer of greater molecular weight. In contrast, HRP, which is specific to coniferyl alcohol, produced sinapyl alcohol dimers, rather than catalyzing polymerization. Adding coniferyl alcohol as a radical mediator in the HRP-mediated reaction did not result in S-oligo polymerization. This report shows that CWPO-C is an isoenzyme specific to sinapyl alcohol that polymerizes oligomeric lignols. Its catalytic activity toward oligomeric lignols may be related to the lignification of angiosperm woody plant cell walls.Part of this study was presented at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Matsuyama, October 2000     

Differences in biosyntheses of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins in woods

Summary Metabolic differences in the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins were explained in terms of the different functions of O-methyltransferases and reducing enzymes which participate in methylation and reduction of the hydroxycinnamic acid intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of these two types of lignins. Sinapyl alcohol was dehydrogenated with peroxidase and H₂O₂ under various reaction conditions. Chemical properties of the dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) formed were characterized, and the possible occurrence of syringyl lignin in hardwood was discussed. DHP and dimers of p-coumaryl alcohol were also characterized and discussed in relation to the formation of grass lignin which contains p-hydroxyphenyl propane as an additional lignin monomer.The authors are indebted to Messrs. Y. Nakamura and H. Kuroda in this Division and Mr. T. Yamasaki at Kagawa University for their cooperation in the course of these investigations     

Effects of the extracts and an active compound curcumenone isolated from Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes on alcohol-induced drunkenness in mice

The Curcuma zedoaria rhizome has been used traditionally to treat gastrointestinal diseases as an aromatic stomachic drug, and this is currently used to treat alcohol-induced loss of appetite and nausea in Japan. We examined the effects of various fractions and isolated compounds on alcohol-induced drunkenness and blood alcohol concentrations in mice. The 30% ethanol-extract (1000 mg/kg) of C. zedoaria rhizome prevented drunkenness 60 and 120 min after 40% alcohol administration. The n-hexane-soluble fraction (300 mg/kg) and an isolated compound (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) prevented drunkenness at 30, 60 or 120 min. The extract, n-hexane-soluble fraction and isolated compound reduced the elevation in blood alcohol concentrations 30 and 60 min after 40% alcohol administration. The isolated compound (10 and 30 mg/kg) enhanced liver ADH activity 30 and 60 min after 40% alcohol administration. The compound was identified as curcumenone by a direct comparison of ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectral data. In conclusion, the protective effect of the C. zedoaria extract on drunkenness might be due to an active substance, curcumenone, and decreases in the elevation of blood alcohol concentrations through increased liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity.     

平核无柿乙醇脱涩试验研究

平核无柿是日本柿的重要栽培品种之一,其脱涩方法常采用乙醇脱涩法。但经过乙醇脱涩处理的平核无柿,往往由于果肉软化及黑变现象的发生而降低了其商品价值,这是产销双方急待解决的问题。本文以平核无柿为实验对象,研究了平核无柿乙醇脱涩处理过程中的一些影响因素及其变化规律,在实验的基础上确定了比较适宜的脱涩条件。     

Polymerisation of added coniferyl alcohol by inherent xylem peroxidases and its effect on fungal decay resistance of Norway spruce

It is known that active peroxidase isozymes exist in mature wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and that they remain active for years and are found even in the heartwood (in Scots pine), where all cellular activity has ceased. This peroxidase activity was utilised in the impregnation of wood blocks with a natural monolignol, coniferyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide. The hypothesis was that the internal wood peroxidases would oxidise the added monolignol and bind it stably into the cell wall matrix, which could hinder fungal decay. Since coniferyl alcohol is not very soluble in water, the impregnation was done under vacuum with an acetone–water solution containing 10% coniferyl alcohol and 0.4 mM H₂O₂ at room temperature (ca. 0.02 g of coniferyl alcohol was added to 1 g of wood). After impregnation, dimers of coniferyl alcohol and free coniferyl alcohol were found in acetone extracts with GC–MS analysis. Penetration of coniferyl alcohol and non-extractable reaction products were studied from the wood blocks with FTIR PAS technique. The wood samples treated were also subjected to a fungal decay test with Coriolus versicolor. This treatment hindered fungal decay in a 60-day experiment and led to a dry weight loss of 8.8% in comparison with 19.9% in the control. The reactions of coniferyl alcohol and H₂O₂ in the presence of peroxidases are discussed as well as the use of monolignols to increase wood decay resistance.     

芫花乙醇粗提物对菜粉蝶幼虫消化酶系的影响

菜粉蝶（Ｐｉｅｒｉｓ ｒａｐａｅ）幼虫取食芫花粗提物２４ｈ后,中肠淀粉酶、蛋白酶、酯酶、转化酶的活力增强,其中肠组织中淀粉酶及肠腔中蛋白酶活力增强的程度达显著水平;粗提物使海藻糖酶活力下降,差异达显著水平。石蜡切片表明,芫花引起细胞核向肠腔内侧移动,围食膜逐渐消失,肠壁细胞中的空泡显著增多、增大,肠组织结构变得没有层次性。电镜观察表明,芫花粗提物处理２４ｈ后,引起细胞内粗糙内质网上的核糖体数量明显增多,线粒体内嵴开始模糊、肿胀。因而认为,粗提物刺激组织超量分泌消化酶,加之抑食作用使取食量减少,导致体重减轻,体能逐渐衰竭而死亡。     

正交试验对喜树碱提取工艺的筛选研究

以喜树碱提取率为指标，应用高效液相色谱定量分析，比较乙醇超声法、乙醇热浸法、乙醇索氏法、碱法、NaOH超声法等5种提取方法，筛选出高提取率的方法——乙醇超声法。并通过正交试验设计优选出喜树碱的提取工艺条件：乙醇浓度60％、乙醇用量14m魄、超声时间120s、超声提取1次。