纤维素复合酶对断乳仔猪应用效果观察

通过在饲料中添加仔猪专用纤维素复合酶,可以补充内源酶的不足、消除抗营养因子,从而提高饲料利用率和对养分的消化率,增强仔猪免疫力,减少腹泻等疾病的发生,减少环境污染,提高猪群的整齐度和生产性能。现将在断乳仔猪日粮中添加仔猪专用纤维素复合酶的应用试验报道如下。1材料     

猪用浓缩饲料添加英恒酶试验报告

１试验方法１．１材料选择用某国产复合酶,“英恒”复合酶添加到猪用浓缩饲料中,再搭配能量饲料,组成较低水平的日粮,选用１８ｋｇ左右的断奶小猪作６０ｄ的饲喂试验。设两个试验组,一个对照组,每组５０头体重相近的猪。１．２试验编号试Ⅰ是按全价料添加１‰的某国产酶,试Ⅱ是添加０．５‰的英恒酶。１．３分组选择１５０头小猪随机分组,先驱虫、防疫、预试期６ｄ。１．４测试指标采食量、日增重、饲料报酬。１．５试验场地本农大实验基地。２浓缩料配比及日粮组合（见表１）。３试验结果（见表２）净增重情况（ｋｇ）耗料及金额：…     

饲用复合酶对杂交肉兔增重效果的影响

饲用复合酶的开发利用研究国外早在７０年代就开始进行，尤其是纤维素复合酶应用于反刍动物的研究已有大量报道。过去普遍认为纤维素酶在瘤胃中的稳定性很差（Kopecny等，１９８７），但近年来的试验研究表明，利用纤维素复合酶可提高肉牛的增重和饲料转化率（Bcanchemin等，１９９５）。国内对纤维素酶用于猪鸡效果的研究也有不少报道，结果表明可提高仔猪和肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬。但纤维素酶应用于杂交肉兔的报道不多。为研究纤维素复合酶用于单胃草食动物的效果，我们用杂交肉兔作了有关试验，现报道于后。１材料和方法１．１酶制剂的…     

英恒复合酶制剂对生长猪的试喂效果

酶制剂在畜牧业的应用已越来越广泛，其主要特点是能促进畜禽对营养的消化吸收，提高饲料的有效利用率和畜禽的生产性能。为了验证多种复合酶制剂在畜禽饲料中使用的效果，本试验选用英恒生物饲料有限公司生产的复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪与小猪进行了饲喂探索。现将试喂情况报告如下。1材料与方法1．l酶制剂选用江门生物技术开发中心英恒生物饲料有限公司生产的（猪用型）英恒饲料复合酶。该酶主要成分含β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、蛋白酶，淀粉酶和纤维素酶等15种酶。1．2试验猪试验猪选用杜长大七日龄断奶，预试10d的仔猪SO头和杜长大SO日龄，…     

复合酶制剂对生长猪的生产性能和养分消化性的影响

配合饲料主要由植物性饲料组成,植物性饲料的细胞壁主要由非淀粉多糖构成（ＮＳＰ）,单胃动物体内缺乏分解ＮＳＰ的内源酶,而且ＮＳＰ使消化道食糜粘度增加,从而导致日粮养分消化率和饲养效应的降低,许多实验业已证明通过添加酶制剂可以克服ＮＳＰ的不良效应。本试验旨在研究生长猪日粮中添加复合酶制剂,对生产性能和日粮养分表观消化性的影响,对酶制剂作用机理作初步的探索,为生产实践中合理应用酶制剂提供科学依据。１　材料与方法１．１酶制剂　本试验所用的复合酶制剂由广东肇庆华芬饲料酶有限公司生产。其主要成分及活性含量为…     

民星复合酶饲喂生长猪试验报告

１试验目的为探讨民星公司发酵制品厂研制的复合酶饲喂生长猪的增重效果，对２０公斤以上的生长猪进行了１个月的饲养试验。本试验从１９９７年１０月１３日～１１月１２日２试验方法２．１试验饲料对照组：民星公司江西饲料厂生产的小猪全价配合料。试验组：江西饲料厂小猪料中加入０．１％复合酶制剂。复合酶由民星发酵分厂提供。２．２试验动物在民星公司种猪场进行，选用杜、长、大三元杂交生长猪４０头，按性别、体重搭配均匀，随机分成４栏，每栏１０头，试验组和对照组各２０头。２．３预试预试期为７天，预试期间，对猪只进行各种疫…     

喹乙醇在北方冬季对肥育猪生长性能的影响

北方冬季较长 ,气候寒冷 ,存在着生猪生产饲养周期长 ,日增重慢 ,饲料转化率低等难题。喹乙醇作为一种高效广谱药物对多种致病菌的抗菌作用较强 ,而作为一种饲料添加剂具有促进畜禽生长和蛋白质同化作用 ,又可以提高饲料利用率。为提高经济效益 ,我们在肥育猪日粮中添加喹乙醇进行育肥猪生产试验。１试验设计１．１材料试验日粮、添加剂及喹乙醇由哈尔滨博大饲料公司提供 ,试验猪采用三元杂交猪的第二胎仔猪。１．２试验猪的选择与分组选择１９９７年秋产三元杂交猪的第二胎 ,发育正常、６０日龄、体重接近（２０ｋｇ 以上）的断奶仔猪３２…     

蛋鸭颗粒饲料添加复合酶制剂效果试验

复合酶制剂是由多种消化酶组合而成，对提高饲料消化率，降低饲料成本有独特功效。为验证其在蛋鸭饲料中添加的饲养效果，特设计本试验。１　试验材料１．１　选择５２周龄老鸭４８０只，分２组作对比试验。另选３０周龄青年鸭１１５４只，作扩大试验。１．２　采用相同基础料，试验组添加０．１５％复合酶制剂（长兴“大洋”牌）。２　试验方法２．１　４８０只老鸭随机分成２组，每组２４０只，经２周适应性饲养后，于１９９８年１１月开始进行为期４８天的对比试验。２．２　采用定量、定时喂料法，每天添加水葫芦等辅料，同时记录耗料量…     

使用部分小麦并添加不同酶制剂对猪生长的影响

长期以来我国猪的能量饲料都以玉米为主，造成玉米供应日趋紧张，价格上扬。玉米和小麦均含有一定量不易被消化的非淀粉多糖，但小麦的戊聚糖含量比玉米高出近１倍。在小麦日粮中添加复合酶制剂，能破坏其抗营养因子，提高饲料消化率。我场进行用小麦代替部分玉米并添加不同酶制剂对１０kg～２０kg小猪和２０kg～５０kg中猪生长影响的试验，现报道如下：１材料与方法１．１试验猪的选择与分组①小猪组选择本场体重在１０kg左右的杜长大三元杂交仔猪４５头，随机分成３个组，每组１５头，试验第１组和试验第２组分别在试验猪饲粮中使用一定量…     

复合酶制剂对奶牛泌乳效果的试验

复合酶制剂是采用现代生物学技术生产的新型生物活性制剂,主要含有酸性蛋白酶、糖化型淀粉酶、纤维毒酶和果胶酶等酶系。添加到饲料中,可借助动物消化道内环境,将饲料中的蛋白质、淀粉、纤维素、果胶等成份酶化分解,形成易被动物机体吸收的营养物质,从而提高饲料的消化利用率。复合酶制剂已在猪禽饲养业中广泛应用。为探讨其对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响,我们在保定牛奶场进行了以下试验。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …