碱式氯化铜的合成与理化特性研究

采用配位催化液相沉淀法,研究了碱式氯化铜(Tribasiccopperchloride,TBCC)的合成条件,采用X光衍射法、等离子体发射光谱法等分析了TBCC的分子结构和产品质量稳定性,试验了TBCC及饲料级硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O,以下简称CuSO4)在中性柠檬酸铵、2%柠檬酸、0.4%盐酸或水中的溶解度及吸水性。结果表明:①TBCC的合成条件是pH值5.0～5.5、温度70～80℃;②TBCC的分子结构为Cu2(OH)3Cl;③TBCC和饲料级CuSO4的铜含量分别为59.9%和25.5%。TBCC含Cu量的6次测定结果的变异系数(CV)仅为0.50%;④TBCC极难溶于水,而易溶于酸性溶液;⑤TBCC的吸水性远远小于饲料级CuSO4。本研究结果表明,TBCC的含Cu量约为饲料级CuSO4的2.3倍,且质量很稳定,其代替CuSO4用于畜禽饲料的Cu源添加剂,更有利于饲料的加工、贮存和利用。     

碱式氯化铜的研究及应用

碱式氯化铜是一种高效铜源,具有安全、高效、防潮及环保等特点.文中阐述碱式氯化铜的来源、制备工艺及理化特性,并从吸收、混合均匀度、维生素稳定性、脂肪氧化、锌和铁颉颃、安全性及生物学效价等方面对碱式氯化铜和硫酸铜进行比较,提出碱式氯化铜有待进一步研究的问题,并对其应用进行展望.     

国产碱式氯化铜与美国碱式氯化铜物相对比研究

通过对5个国产(深圳)的饲料级碱式氯化铜样品和2个美国微量营养元素公司生产的饲料级碱式氯化铜样品及其粉晶X射线衍射数据进行了分析鉴定及物相对比研究,5个国产的碱式氯化铜衍射谱图完全相同,鉴定结果为斜氯铜矿(Botallackite)型碱式氯化铜,不论5个样品的生产工艺有何差异,但产品的物相和纯度是一致的;2个美国产碱式氯化铜虽然样品的形态差异较大,但其衍射谱图也完全相同,鉴定结果主要为氯铜矿(Atacmite)型碱式氯化铜,含有微量的副氯铜矿(Parata-camite)型碱式氯化铜,二者之间为同质异构关系,为国产和美国饲料级碱式氯化铜的结构鉴定提供了依据。     

碱式氯化铜的合成与理代特性研究

采用配位催化液相沉淀法,研究了碱式氯化铜(Tribasic copper chloride,TBCC)的合成条件,采用X光衍射法、等离子体发射光谱法等分析了TBCC的分子结构和产品质量稳定性,试验了TBCC及饲料级硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O,以下简称CuSO4)在中性柠檬酸铵、2%柠檬酸、0.4%盐酸或水中的溶解度及吸水性4结果表明①TBCC的合成条件是pH值5.0～5.5、温度70～80℃;②TBCC的分子结构为Cu2(OH)3Cl;③TBCC和饲料级CuSO4的铜含量分别为59.9%和25.5%.TBCC含Cu量的6次测定结果的变异系数(CV)仅为0.50%;④TBCC极难溶于水,而易溶于酸性溶液;⑤TBCC的吸水性远远小于饲料级CuSO4.本研究结果表明,TBCC的含Cu量约为饲料级CuSO4的2.3倍,且质量很稳定,其代替CuSO4用于畜禽饲料的Cu源添加剂,更有利于饲料的加工、贮存和利用.     

单斜晶系碱式氯化铜的研究与应用

铜是动物必需的微量元素，在动物体内的新陈代谢中发生着重要生理作用。动物饲料添加剂最传统铜源是硫酸铜，它具有制造简单、成本低廉等优点。因为高剂量铜对猪具有促生长作用，因而人们常常在猪饲料中超量添加硫酸铜。但硫酸铜的动物利用效率不高，饲料中铜代谢后90％以上经粪便排出，引发了畜禽铜中毒、食品安全健康、环境铜污染等一系列问题。同时，硫酸铜也存在在饲料中易吸潮结块、破坏维生素和油脂、引起饲料变质等诸多缺点。这就使得开发一种新型高效的铜源添加剂成为必要。     

饲料添加剂碱式氯化铜防结块研究

本文介绍了碱式氯化铜作为铜源饲料添加剂的使用现状,对产品的防结块技术进行了研究,结果表明:氯化胆碱对碱式氯化铜具有一定的防结块作用,氯化胆碱的添加量及添加方式对防结块具有重要影响。     

新型饲料添加剂碱式氯化铜的制备研究

铜是畜禽生产中不可缺少的重要元素,一般使用硫酸铜,其应用缺陷是众所周知的。碱式氯化铜具有不吸湿结块,流动性好,不氧化破坏饲料中的脂肪和维生素,生物利用率高的优点。碱式氯化铜的生物学有效性和生物安全性明显高于硫酸铜。它不仅可降低饲料成本,而且可大大减少铜排泄对环境造成的污染,对保护生态环境有重要意义。电子工业含铜废液的处理大多采用电解法[1]、氧化还原法[2]、中和沉淀法[3]等,一般以CuSO4.5H2O的形式回收。研究利用碱性蚀刻废液和酸性蚀刻废液制取纳米级的新型饲料添加剂碱式氯化铜,通过对蚀刻废液的处理工艺探讨,找到…     

饲料级碱式氯化铜检测方法的研究

对饲料级碱式氯化铜的检测方法进行研究试验,试验结果为：（1）碱式氯化铜中不含氯化铜,而含有氯化铵。（2）采用除铜后的莫尔法测氯离子结果更为准确。（3）以氮的含量推算水溶性氯的含量,其与总氯的差和铜的含量之比符合分子式Cu2（0H）3Cl。     

新饲料、新饲料添加剂展播 碱式氯化铜

<正>商品名称:麦乐铜碱式氯化铜的生物学有效性和生物安全性明显高于硫酸铜,而铜的使用量比硫酸铜减少25%～30%,因此不仅降低饲料成本,而且可大大减少铜     

不同沙化高寒草地植物群落结构特征及土壤理化特性研究

以青海省治多县轻度沙化和重度沙化草地为研究对象,对其植被群落特征和土壤理化性状进行了调查。结果表明:随着草地沙化程度的加剧,草地植物群落结构(如群落优势种等)发生了明显的变化,群落盖度、生物量均明显下降(P0.01),植被高度反而上升(P0.01)。而通过保护与综合治理,重度沙化草地物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数却大于轻度沙化草地。同时,随着草地沙化程度的加剧,土壤养分在0~15cm水平上明显下降(P0.01),而在15~30cm水平上变化不明显。     

重组痘苗病毒TTVAC7理化特性

探讨重组痘苗病毒TTVAC7的理化特性,对重组痘苗病毒活载体疫苗的规模化生产、保存、运输和净化具有一定的指导意义。将重组痘苗病毒TTVAC7和天坛株痘苗病毒VTT经热、酸、碱、乙醚、氯仿、胰蛋白酶、紫外线照射及超声波破碎处理后,接种于BHK-21细胞,通过测定TCID50观察上述理化因子处理前后TTVAC7和VTT毒价的变化,并分析这些理化因子对TTVAC7和VTT的影响。结果显示,TTVAC7经55℃作用15min,VTT经55℃作用30min即可完全被灭活;在pH值3~9的范围内,pH值的变化不会引起TTVAC7和VTT病毒滴度的显著变化;紫外线垂直距离10、30cm照射病毒液60min,不能完全灭活病毒粒子;对氯仿敏感;经1%胰蛋白酶37℃处理60min,TTVAC7和VTT的病毒滴度下降2个滴度以上;对乙醚不敏感;经40、80Hz的非接触式超声处理60min,TTVAC7和VTT的病毒滴度下降低于2个滴度。结果表明,重组痘苗病毒TTVAC7和天坛株痘苗病毒VTT理化性质相似,均不耐高温,耐酸、碱、乙醚、紫外线及超声波,对氯仿和胰蛋白酶敏感。     

碱式氯化铜检测方法及其应用

铜是动物必需的一种微量元素,参与血红素的合成和红细胞的成熟及动物成骨过程、毛发和皮毛的色素沉着和角质化过程,在动物体内作为几种重要酶的成分(或作为辅因子)而发挥作用。饲料中添加高铜(250m g/kg)能提高断奶仔猪的日增重、采食量和饲料效率(Edm onds等,1985;Crom well等     

Tolerance for excess basic zinc chloride and basic copper chloride in chicks

(1) Four chick experiments were conducted to determine toxicity estimates for basic zinc chloride (BZC) and basic copper chloride (BCC), now being used as sources for these minerals. (2) In experiment 1, New Hampshire x Columbian crossbred chicks were fed 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000 and 5000 mg Zn/kg from BZC (Zn5Cl2(OH)8). Broken-line regression analysis showed that the minimal toxic break points for chick weight gain and gain:food were 1720 and 2115 mg Zn/kg, respectively. (3) Crossbred chicks were fed 0, 150, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg Cu/kg from BCC (Cu2(OH)3C) in experiment 2. Regression analysis indicated that the minimal toxic break points for chick weight gain and gain:food were 642 and 781 mg Cu/kg, respectively. (4) In experiment 3, commercial broiler chicks were fed 0, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg supplemental Zn/kg from BZC or 0, 500, 650 and 800 mg supplemental Cu/kg from BCC. Broiler chicks fed those high inclusion rates of Zn did not show reduced weight gain in comparison to chicks fed no supplemental Zn. All high concentrations of supplemental Cu depressed chick weight gain in comparison to control chicks. (5) Experiment 4 involved two separate 4 x 2 factorial designs with supplemental Zn (0, 2500, 3500 and 4500 mg/kg) or Cu (0, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg) and two breeds of chicks (crossbred and commercial). Significant interactions for weight gain, food intake, gain:food and liver Cu suggested that the crossbred and commercial chicks responded differently to high concentrations of supplementary dietary Cu.     

不同密度下近天然落叶松云冷杉林各土层土壤理化特征

本研究以8块不同林分密度近天然落叶松云冷杉林为对象, 研究不同林分下密度对不同土层土壤的理化特征。结果表明, 相同林分密度条件下, 土壤物理性质随土层深度增加呈显著变化(P0.05);除全氮外, 其他养分元素浓度差异不显著(P0.05)。不同密度条件下的土壤养分浓度并未表现出明显的变化规律, 也没有在某一密度之后出现明显的下降现象。林分密度为1 058株·hm-2时, 虽然土壤养分浓度有所降低, 但总体差异并不显著。这说明在试验区目前林分密度下, 土壤养分状况并未受影响, 可适当补植, 增加林地的利用效率。     

临泽盐化草甸土壤理化性质的空间格局分析

从土壤景观空间格局的特征入手,对临泽盐化草甸土壤理化性状的空间分布格局进行了分析研究。多样性指数、优势度指数、分维数与修改分维数是描述盐演化草甸土壤景观空间格局的较为全面、准确的综合指标。随着土壤深度的增加,多样性指数(H)呈减少的趋势,分维数(DL)和修改分维数(DmL)呈增大趋势。因此,盐化草甸土壤景观斑块类型呈单一趋势,轻有机质土壤斑块逐渐增加,pHI(7．6—8．0)土壤斑块逐渐占据主要位置。随着土壤全盐含量的增加,多样性指数随之增加,而优势度指数、分维数与修改分维数则降低。上述研究结果表明,土壤盐演化过程中缩小不同斑块的面积差异,导致斑块形状和空间关系趋于简单。盐化土壤的空间格局的变化主要受土壤盐演化作用的影响,人类活动是导致盐演化的主要因素。     

Effects of dietary chromium chloride,nicotinic acid and copper sulphate on meat of broilers

1.?Combinations of chromium and copper were added to the diet to assess their effects on broiler meat characteristics.

2.?For this purpose 175 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 7 equal groups and were given treatment feeds containing copper sulphate, chromium chloride and nicotinic acid in different combinations.

3.?The study was carried out for 5 weeks and samples were collected at the end of 15, 29 and 35 d of treatment and at 42 d after a withdrawal period of one week.

4.?Cholesterol content had decreased significantly in breast meat at d 29 in all treatment groups. In thigh meat, it decreased significantly at d 29 in groups receiving two concentrations of chromium + two concentrations of copper. Cholesterol content remained lower even after withholding the treatment for one week.

5.?Crude fat content decreased significantly in breast meat in all treatment groups. In thigh meat, at d 29, a significant reduction in crude fat was observed only in birds receiving low chromium and high copper.

6.?Crude protein at d 29 increased significantly in breast meat of birds receiving low chromium and high copper, and low or high chromium, while it decreased significantly in treatment groups after withholding the treatment. In thigh meat, at d 29, it increased significantly in treatment groups but decreased significantly after withholding the treatment.

7.?It was concluded that chromium and copper, along with nicotinic acid, have modulating effects on broiler meat under tropical conditions.     

石羊河中下游不同退耕年限次生草地土壤理化及生物学特性研究

测定并分析了石羊河中下游不同退耕年限次生草地土壤理化(含水量、有机碳、硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾、缓效钾)及生物学(微生物量碳、氮、磷及真菌、细菌、放线菌数量)特性。结果表明,随退耕年限的延长,各土层(0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~30 cm,30~40 cm)土壤铵态氮及全磷呈下降趋势;土壤含水量、有机碳、硝态氮、有效磷、有效钾及缓效钾呈上升趋势;全钾与速效钾随退耕年限的变化不显著;除30~40 cm土层外,各土层土壤微生物量碳在退耕较短年限内(从1 a到5 a)呈下降的趋势,在退耕较长年限内(从8 a到31 a)呈上升趋势;土壤微生物量氮呈先上升(从1 a到4 a)再下降(从4 a到8 a)最后趋于稳定(从8 a到31 a)的趋势;除0~10 cm土层外,各土层土壤微生物量磷呈先下降(从1 a到2 a)再上升(从2 a到8 a)最后下降(从8 a到31 a)的趋势;不同年限退耕地土壤三大类微生物数量均表现为细菌>放线菌>真菌。     

Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents

The efficacy of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10(6) TCID50/ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56 degrees C for 5 min dramatically reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 x 10(7) to 40 TCID50/ml, whereas heating the virus for 60 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Irradiation with ultraviolet light at 134 microW/cm2 for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 x 10(7) to 180 TCID50/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID50/ml. We believe that these findings will be useful for the implementation of infection control measures against SARS, and for the establishment of effective guidelines for the prevention of SARS outbreaks.