彩叶植物金叶莸的组织培养及植株再生研究

对彩叶植物金叶莸进行了初代培养、继代培养、生根培养及驯化移栽等试验.结果表明:初代培养的最佳培养基为MS 6-BA 1.5 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L;继代培养的最佳培养基为MS BA 1 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L;生根培养的最佳培养基为1/2 MS NAA 0.5 mg/L或1/2 MS NAA 0.25 mg/L IBA 0.25 mg/L;驯化移栽的最佳基质为珍珠岩 腐叶土(1∶1).     

半夏组培苗的生根与移栽技术研究

在半夏的组培生根阶段,采用1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L培养基,添加不同配比的IBA进行诱导生根比较;在半夏组培苗的出瓶移栽过程中,生根苗栽植于6种不同基质中,对出瓶移栽后的生长情况进行比较。结果表明:半夏生根阶段最佳的培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.4mg/L,出瓶基质选用蛭石+珍珠岩(体积比1∶1),成活率可达98%,为最佳基质。     

金叶络石离体培养植株再生及其栽培试验

以金叶络石茎段为外植体,分别接种于添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA的MS培养基中,设置不同的温度环境、光照强度、肥料、基质栽培试验,观察生发育情况。结果表明:诱导愈伤组织最佳的培养基为MS+BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂0.5%;丛生芽分化增殖的最佳培养基为MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+3%蔗糖+0.5%琼脂;生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖3%+琼脂0.5%。栽培观赏研究表明:盆栽最佳温度为20~30℃;最佳光照强度为80%;最佳基质为纯泥炭或者泥炭+蛭石(3∶1);最佳肥料配比为N∶P∶K=1∶1∶1。     

合果芋组织培养快繁技术研究

以合果芋幼嫩侧芽为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度对合果芋组织培养的影响.结果表明:用0.1%的氯化汞溶液+3滴Tween20对外植体处理35 min,灭菌效成功率达75%;较好的诱导培养基为MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L,最佳的增殖培养基为BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,最好的生根培养基为MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L;生根瓶苗置于室外自然光线下练苗7 d后,移栽到珍珠岩∶腐殖土∶壤土=1∶1∶1的基质中,成活率可达94%以上.     

兰州百合花瓣高频再生体系研究

以兰州百合为试材,研究总结出了利用花瓣建立外植体的高频再生体系:用花瓣建立外植体时,灭菌时间控制在15min效果较佳,污染率、失活率均低;适宜诱导花瓣愈伤组织的培养基为MS BA0.5mg/L 2,4-D 0.5mg/L,诱导率达到90%;适宜芽分化培养基为MS BA1.5mg/L NAA0.1mg/L,分化率为75%;适宜继代和增殖的培养基为MS BA1.5mg/L IBA0.5mg/L,增殖倍数可达5.8;生根培养基以GS NAA0.25mg/L最佳,生根率高达100%,试管苗生长势强,且根系发达;用草炭作移栽基质,成活率高,为89.6%.     

达赛莱克特草莓离体培养快繁体系的建立

以达赛莱克特草莓品种的匍匐茎茎尖为起始材料,进行离体培养,分化出再生植株。通过试验,筛选出芽分化、继代增殖、生根的适宜培养基,系统的建立了草莓新品种较高频率的组培快繁体系。结果表明:以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L培养基诱导产生不定芽,在MS+6-BA0.6mg/L+IBA0.06mg/L培养基上增殖系数较高,可达9.73倍,有效苗最多。用1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+NAA0.02mg/L+AC0.15%的生根培养基上,生根率高达100.00%。最佳练苗基质是腐殖土∶河沙为3∶1,移栽大田成活率达98%。     

草莓热处理结合茎尖脱毒技术研究

以草莓品种"红颜"、"章姬"为试材,采用"茎尖培养+热处理"方法获得草莓脱毒组培苗,并建立其组培快繁体系。结果表明:茎尖诱导培养最佳培养基配方为MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.02mg/L。在继代与增殖培养阶段,初期MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L增殖效果最好,后期培养基MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L有利于壮苗。生根阶段的最佳培养基配方,以1/2MS+IBA 0.1mg/L生根效果最好,生根率为100%。练苗移栽的基质为珍珠岩∶蛭石为1∶1,移栽成活率可达95%以上。     

三种玉簪新品种离体快繁技术的研究

以3种玉簪"金头饰"(H.‘Gloden Tiaia’)、"小黄金叶"(H.‘Gloden Cadet’)和"金鹰"(H.‘Gloden Eagle’)的幼嫩花蕾为外植体诱导不定芽,成功的建立了3个品种的离体快繁体系。结果表明:不定芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L;在增殖培养基中,"金头饰"最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L;"小黄金叶"最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L;"金鹰"最佳增殖培养基MS+6-BA 4.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L;无生长调节剂的MS为"金鹰"的最佳生根培养基,生根率达100%以上;"小黄金叶"在培养基MS+NAA 0.5mg/L中生根率达到100%以上;"金头饰"在培养基MS+NAA 0.3mg/L中生根率也达到100%以上。其移栽成活率均为100%。     

狗枣猕猴桃叶片离体培养的研究

以狗枣猕猴桃叶片为外植体,研究了影响狗枣猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导、分化、试管苗生根的主要因素。结果表明:狗枣猕猴桃叶片诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+ZT 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,诱导率达到91.67%;不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+ZT 2.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L,分化率为89.45%,平均出芽个数为8.11个;狗枣猕猴桃极易生根,在以添加不同质量浓度的IAA、IBA和NAA的1/2MS基本培养基上,生根率都很高,多数处理可达100%;当基质配比V(田园土)∶V(草炭)∶V(沙子)=1∶1∶1时,试管苗的成活率为92%。     

黑莓的组织培养快速繁殖技术

以黑莓茎尖和带芽茎段为外植体,筛选组织培养各阶段适宜培养基.结果表明:外植体以茎段为宜.初始培养基以MS BA 1.0 mg/L IAA 0.1 mg/L最好,出芽率达93%;继代增殖培养基以MS BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.05～0.2 mg/L最理想,增殖系数可达8倍;生根培养基以1/2 MS IBA0.1 mg/L和1/2 MS NAA0.05 mg/L最佳,生根率可达100%.以园土:珍珠岩:蚯蚓粪按1:1:1的比例混合的基质移栽成活率达到96.9%,移栽苗生长健壮.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.