Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus genome

The complete nucleotide sequence of a mammalian transforming retrovirus. Moloney murine sarcoma virus, has been determined. MSV, recombinant virus derived of helper viral and cellular sequences, possesses termini resembling prokaryotic transposable elements. The viral genome has the coding capacity for the Moloney murine leukemia virus gag gene product and contains large deletions in pol and env genes. A large open reading frame encompassing its cell-derived sequences codes for its putative transforming protein. The nature of some of the important domains in the viral genome has been established, and their structure is discussed in relation to their function.     

Reversion of murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse cells: variants without a rescuable sarcoma virus

Murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse 3T3 cells, which are negative for murine leukemia virus and which yield sarcoma virus after superinfection with murine leukenmia virus, spotaneously give rise to flat variants front which murine sarcoma virus can no longer be rescued. The revertants support leukemia viruis growth and show an enhanced sensitivity to murine sarcoma superinfection and, like normal cells, do not release RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Because revertants could be obtained with high frequency from progeny of single transformed cells, each cell that containts the sarconma virus genome seems to have the capacity to suppress or eliminate an RNA tumor virus native to its species of origin.     

Nucleotide sequence of the Rasheed rat sarcoma virus oncogene: new mutations

The nucleotide sequence of the oncogene of the Rasheed strain of rat sarcoma virus was determined. The oncogene (Ra-v-ras) encodes a 29,000-dalton (p29) transforming protein. This protein is distinct from the immunologically related 21,000-dalton protein (p21) of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus in its amino terminus and in having additional mutations in its carboxyl terminus. Although the functional significance of these changes is unknown, they appear to occur only in rat sarcoma virus.     

Nucleotide sequence repetition: a rapidly reassociating fraction of mouse DNA

The separated complemnentary strands of a minor component in mouse DNA reassociate with each other much more rapidly than do the complementary strands of other DNA's including those of the principal part of mouse DNA. This difference in capacity of the strands to reassociate can be used to effect a preparative separation of the minor component from the principal fraction. The rate constant for reassociation of the minor component, compared with those of viral and bacterial DNA's, indicates that the minor component consists of a short nucleotide sequence present in about one million copies.     

Genome sequence diversity and clues to the evolution of variola (smallpox) virus

Comparative genomics of 45 epidemiologically varied variola virus isolates from the past 30 years of the smallpox era indicate low sequence diversity, suggesting that there is probably little difference in the isolates' functional gene content. Phylogenetic clustering inferred three clades coincident with their geographical origin and case-fatality rate; the latter implicated putative proteins that mediate viral virulence differences. Analysis of the viral linear DNA genome suggests that its evolution involved direct descent and DNA end-region recombination events. Knowing the sequences will help understand the viral proteome and improve diagnostic test precision, therapeutics, and systems for their assessment.     

Nucleotide sequence of the p21 transforming protein of Harvey murine sarcoma virus

Harvey murine sarcoma virus is a retrovirus which transforms cells by means of a single virally encoded protein called p21 has. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 1.0 kilobase in the 5' half of the viral genome which encompasses the has coding sequences and its associated regulatory signals. The nucleotide sequence has identified the amino acid sequence of two additional overlapping polypeptides which share their reading frames and the carboxyl termini with p21 but which contain additional NH2-terminal amino acids.     

Nucleotide sequence of the oncogene encoding the p21 transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus

The transforming protein ofKirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) is a virally encoded 21-kilodalton protein called p21 kis. The sequences encoding p21 kis were genetically localized to a 1.3-kilobase segment near the 5' end of the viral genome by assaying the capacity of a series of defined deletion mutants of molecularly cloned Ki-MuSV DNA to induce focal transformation of mouse cells. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this region has led to the identification of an open reading frame of 567 nucleotides coding for p21 kis protein.     

Chromosomal localization of the human homolog (c-sis) of the simian sarcoma virus onc gene

Nonrandom chromosome rearrangements of chromosome 22 have been identified in different human malignancies. As a result of Southern blot hybridization of a c-sis probe to DNA's from mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, the human homolog (c-sis) of the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus was assigned to chromosome 22. Hybrids between thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells and human fibroblasts carrying a translocation of the region q11-qter of chromosome 22 to chromosome 17 were also analyzed. These studies demonstrate that the human c-sis gene is on region 22q11 greater than qter.     

Complement fixation with a mouse tumor virus (S.E. polyoma)

Complement fixation tests with tissue-culture antigens indicated that polyoma virus is serologically unrelated to a wide variety of known viruses; antibody developed uniformly in mice given virus intraperitoneally or intranasally and was found in normal animals of several mouse colonies but not in human beings.     

The age factor in adaptability of a sarcoma virus to other animal species

The age of the chicken in which the Rous sarcoma is grown has an influence on the variation and subsequent adaptation of the causative virus to ducks. Adaptation is relatively easy to accomplish when the tumor has been grown in adult chickens several months of age. It has never been accomplished when the tumor has been grown in chicks and only occasionally when it has been grown in old chickens.     

Human sarcomas contain RNA related to the RNA of a mouse leukemia virus

Labeled DNA complementary to the RNA of the Rauscher leukemia virus was hybridized with RNA from the polysome fraction of human sarcomas. Eighteen out of 25 specimens contained RNA possessing homology to the RNA of the mouse leukemia virus but not to that of the unrelated viruses causing mammary tumors in mice or myeloblastosis in chickens. Further, no normal adult or fetal tissues showed significant amounts of RNA specific to mouse leukemia virus. It appears that human sarcomas contain RNA sequences homologous to those found in an agent related to a virus known to cause sarcomas in mice.     

Human-proto-oncogene nucleotide sequences corresponding to the transforming region of simian sarcoma virus

The nucleotide sequences of the six regions within the normal human cellular locus (c-sis) that correspond to the entire transforming region of the simian sarcoma virus (SSV) genome (v-sis) were determined. The regions are bounded by acceptor and donor splice sites and, except for region 6, resemble exons. Region 6 lacks a 3' donor splice site and terminates -5 base pairs from the 3' v-sis-helper-viral junction. This is consistent with a model proposing that SSV was generated by recombination between proviral DNA of a simian sarcoma associated virus and proto-sis and that introns were spliced out subsequently from a fused viral-sis messenger RNA. This also suggests that the 3' recombination occurred within an exon of the woolly monkey (Lagothrix) genome. The open reading frames predicting the v-sis and c-sis gene products coincide with the stop codon of c-sis located 123 nucleotides into the fifth region of homology. The overall nucleotide homology was 91 percent with substitutions mainly in the third codon positions within the open reading frame and with greatest divergence within the untranslated 3' portion of the sequences. The predicted protein products for v-sis and c-sis are 93 percent homologous. The predicted c-sis gene product is identical in 31 of 31 amino acids to one of the published sequences of platelet-derived growth factor. Thus, c-sis encodes one chain of human platelet-derived growth factor.     

草莓镶脉病毒（SVBV）启动子的克隆及序列分析

【目的】对草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)启动子进行序列测定和分析,为进一步研究该启动子稳定表达活性、表达类型及驱动外源基因稳定表达提供理论依据。【方法】用CTAB法从感染SVBV的草莓叶片中提取总DNA,设计特异性引物扩增SVBV启动子,克隆并测序。将SVBV启动子与花椰菜花叶病毒属其他成员的启动子核苷酸序列进行比较,并构建其系统关系树,再用PlantCARE软件分析SVBV启动子序列中的各个作用元件。【结果】获得全长为1017 bp的SVBV启动子。序列比列表明,本研究构建的中国SVBV启动子与美国SVBV启动子序列相似性最高,达77.29%。从构建的系统关系树可以看出,中国SVBV启动子与美国SVBV启动子单独聚成一个亚分支,说明来源于草莓的2个SVBV启动子亲缘关系最近。另外,SVBV启动子和花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)启动子亲缘关系虽然相对较近,但二者序列相似性较低,说明SVBV启动子与CaMV 35 S启动子的结构差异较大。进一步分析表明,SVBV启动子除了具有一般植物启动子的典型作用元件TATA-box和CAAT-box外,还具有一些与组织特异性表达或诱导表达相关的调节因子。【结论】SVBV启动子具有多种转录顺式作用元件,可能是一个在双子叶植物中具有较强驱动活性的组成型启动子。     

绒毛白蜡NADH还原酶第二亚基基因(ndhB)的克隆及同源性分析

克隆并分析绒毛白蜡NADH还原酶第二亚基(NDHB)基因片段.根据GenBank上已发表的NDHB氨基酸序列,设计合成了一对简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术对绒毛白蜡NADH还原酶第二亚基基因进行扩增,将扩增的PCR产物与pMD18-T连接后转化至E.coli JM109感受态细胞,检测阳性克隆,测序并进行序列分析.克隆的绒毛白蜡NADH还原酶第二亚基基因cDNA序列长893bp,由288个氨基酸残基组成,命名为FvndhB.序列比对结果表明FvndhB与参考的8个物种的NDHB在核酸水平上表现出较高的同源性,其与桑树、银白杨、按树、烟草、拟南芥、银杏、台东苏铁、日本柳杉NDHB核苷酸序列同源性分别为84.32%、83.88%、83.43%、82.86%、82.18%、78.82%、77.07%、71.23%.利用DNAMAN软件构建的系统进化树显示绒毛白蜡与其他植物亲缘关系较远.成功获得了绒毛白蜡FvndhB基因片段,并对其进行了同源性分析,为进一步克隆绒毛白蜡FvndhB全长基因及分析其表达特性奠定了基础.     

草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)CP基因的克隆及序列分析

用CTAB法从感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)的草莓叶片中提取总DNA,设计3对特异性引物扩增SVBV CP基因的3个片段,分别克隆并测序.经序列拼接得到SVBV CP基因完整序列,全长1407 nts,编码468个aa.将它与美国报道的SVBV(NC001725)以及花椰菜花叶病毒属其它成员的CP基因相比较,结果表明,SVBV CP基因与SVBV(NC001725)CP基因序列相似性最高,达83.4%;而与花椰菜花叶病毒属其它成员的CP基因序列相似性均较低,仅为27.1%～33.2%.构建SVBV及其同属其它成员CP基因的系统关系树,结果显示中国SVBV与SVBV(NC001725)单独形成一个分支,而与其同属其它成员的亲缘关系均较远.     

Detection of minimal residual cells carrying the t(14;18) by DNA sequence amplification

By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequences were amplified that flank the crossover sites of a characteristic chromosomal translocation for follicular lymphomas, t(14;18)(q32;q21). This technique permitted the detection of cells carrying the t(14;18) hybrid DNA sequences at a dilution of 1:100,000. The remission marrow and blood samples of a patient with follicular lymphoma and the t(14;18) failed to show any abnormality by morphological examination and conventional Southern blot analysis. However, the t(14;18) hybrid DNA sequences were detected by the PCR technique. Thus, this technique is a highly sensitive tool to detect minimal residual cells carrying the t(14;18) and has the potential to identify a subpopulation of patients with subclinical disease.     

Adaptation of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) to replication in EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines

A strain of lymphadenopathy associated retrovirus ( LAV ) passaged in vitro was used to infect a lymphoblastoid cell line obtained by transformation with Epstein-Barr virus of B lymphocytes from a healthy donor. The virus produced from this line (B- LAV ) was also able to grow at a high rate in some other lymphoblastoid lines and in a Burkitt lymphoma line. This adapted strain retained the biochemical, ultrastructural, and antigenic characteristics of the original strain, as well as its tropism for normal T4+ lymphocytes. It is thus possible to grow LAV in large quantities that can be used for the preparation of diagnostic reagents. The interaction between such a human retrovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, a DNA virus, may have some implication for the pathology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related diseases.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒M基因的克隆及序列分析

从鸡胚尿囊液中提取H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的RNA,根据已发表的A型流感病毒(AIV)的核苷酸序列,设计一对特异引物,采用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)成功地扩增了AIV的M基因。将M基因的cDNA克隆后进行了序列测定,测序结果表明所扩增的1 192 nt片段包含了完整的M基因的两个开放阅读框。核苷酸序列比较分析结果表明:该毒株与A/Hong Kong/1073/99(H9N2)、A/Duck/Hong Kong/380.5/2001(H5N1)、A/Duck/NY/191255-79/02(H5N2)相比,核苷酸序列的同源性在92.2%~96.1%之间,其相对应的氨基酸序列的同源性在91.7%~96.3%之间。     

新城疫病毒Lasota株基因组全长cDNA的构建与序列分析

将Lasota病毒RNA反转录为cDNA,按照GenBank上公布的Lasota基因组序列(AF 077761)设计了5对引物进行全基因组的扩增(RT-PCR),并将各个片段连于克隆载体pMD_(18)-T,获得高拷贝的基因序列,然后通过酶切连接将测序正确的各个片段连接到pET-30a载体。PCR分片段扩增、酶切鉴定及测序结果表明,所构建的Lasota全基因组cDNA基因序列正确,连入载体的位置与预期完全一致。     

番红花种球中虎眼万年青花叶病毒的分子鉴定与序列分析

【目的】对一批荷兰进境番红花种球(Crocus sativus)进行病毒鉴定,以防止危险性病毒传入危害。【方法】根据已报道的马铃薯Y病毒科(Potyviridae)通用引物(Sprimer和M4T),采用RT-PCR方法对一批番红花种球样品进行检测,取其中一个RT-PCR产物进行克隆测序,利用Gen Bank上的基本局部比对搜索工具(Basic Local Alignment Search Tool,BLAST)和MEGA 6中的基于对数期望的多重序列比较(Multiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation,MUSCLE)进行序列比对分析,并根据外壳蛋白基因(coat protein,CP)序列利用最大似然法(maximum likelihood method)进行系统发育分析。【结果】RT-PCR检测结果显示该批样品扩增到一条约1.7 kb的预期大小片段,说明该批番红花种球样品中存在Potyviridae科病毒。测序获得长度为1 666bp的序列(命名为2677-NL),含有部分核内含体b基因(nuclear inclusion b,NIb)、完整的CP和3′端非编码区(3′-UTR),其核苷酸序列与虎眼万年青花叶病毒(Ornithogalum mosaic virus,Or MV)的SW3.3分离物具有最高序列一致性(99.6%),与Or MV参考基因组序列(Reference genomic sequences,Ref Seq;NC_019409)的序列一致性为99.1%。该分离物的CP与6个Or MV印度分离物(JQ686722、JQ686720、JN692498、JN692497、JN692496、JF682235)的核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性分别为71.5%—77.3%和65.7%—79.7%,与其他32个Or MV分离物的核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性分别为77.9%—99.5%和82.9%—99.2%。基于CP进行的系统发育分析表明,Or MV可分为两个类群,而2677-NL与5个澳大利亚分离物(JQ807995、JQ807996、NC_019409、AF185964、AF185965)相聚成簇,表明其在系统发育关系上与Or MV澳大利亚分离物的亲缘关系最近。【结论】根据国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)关于Potyviridae科病毒种类的分类标准,2677-NL为Or MV的一个分离物,证实该批番红花种球受到Or MV的侵染。这是世界上首次在番红花中发现Or MV的报道。