不同密度水曲柳人工林细根生物量对邻近树木胸径和距离的响应

【目的】研究不同密度水曲柳人工林细根生物量对邻近树木胸径和距离的响应,为制定合理的水曲柳根系取样方案提供理论依据。【方法】在4种林分密度(Ⅰ:3 572株·hm~(-2),Ⅱ:3 128株·hm~(-2),Ⅲ:2 215株·hm~(-2),Ⅳ:1 468株·hm~(-2))的水曲柳人工林内,随机布点取样,测定0～10、10～20和20～30 cm土层吸收根(直径≤0.05 mm)和细根(直径≤2.0 mm)生物量及0～30 cm土层的吸收根总生物量和细根总生物量,并记录距取样点最近的1株和4株树的距离及胸径。采用线性回归分析,检验细根生物量与邻近树木距离和胸径的关系。【结果】0～30 cm土层吸收根和细根总生物量受林分密度影响显著,二者均在密度最小林分中最大;从林分密度Ⅰ～Ⅳ,吸收根占细根生物量的比例分别为61.6%、54.3%、52.9%和63.4%;在所有林分中,50%以上的细根和吸收根生物量分布在0～10 cm土层;在4种密度林分中,吸收根和细根总生物量与最近1株或4株树的距离均相关性不显著(P0.05),仅有密度Ⅲ林分10～20 cm土层细根生物量与最近4株树的平均距离显著正相关(P0.05);与细根总生物量相比,0～30 cm土层吸收根总生物量与邻近树木胸径之间呈现出更普遍的相关,但相关性显著水平与林分密度有关;密度Ⅰ林分吸收根和细根生物量均与最近1株树胸径显著正相关(均R~2 0.19),而密度Ⅱ林分吸收根和细根生物量均与最近4株树的平均胸径显著正相关(均R~2 0.21);密度Ⅲ林分中吸收根生物量与最近1株或4株树的胸径均显著相关(均R~2 0.16);而密度Ⅳ林分中吸收根和细根生物量与邻近树木胸径均不显著相关;在调查的3个土层中,细根和吸收根生物量与邻近树木胸径的相关性主要出现在0～10 cm土层,并呈现出与0～30 cm土层细根总生物量相似的规律。【结论】基于对不同密度水曲柳人工林细根生物量的研究结果,认为可在东北林区不同密度水曲柳人工林内灵活设置细根取样点,不必考虑与附近林木的距离,但需考虑邻近树木胸径大小的影响,在平均木周围设置取样点是可选途径。     

天然马尾松林细根生物量分布及其与土壤理化性质相关性研究

基于江西中部天然马尾松林不同生长阶段细根生物量及土壤性质的调查,分0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层探讨细根生物量的分布规律及其与土壤理化性质的相关关系。结果表明,不同龄组土壤细根总生物量大小表现为:过熟林幼龄林成熟林中龄林近熟林,同一土层不同龄组生物量之间无显著差异(P0.05),各龄组细根生物量主要集中在0~20 cm土层中。各土层不同龄组间土壤含水率均表现为成熟林显著大于幼龄林(P0.05),容重与土壤碳氮磷含量差异均不显著(P0.05),且碳氮磷大部分都储存在0~20 cm土层中。0~20 cm土层中,活细根生物量与土壤含水率、容重、有机碳、全氮含量相关性均达显著水平(P0.05),而死细根生物量与土壤理化性质之间的相关性均不显著(P0.05),细根总生物量与土壤含水率、容重相关性显著(P0.05),与全氮含量相关性达极显著水平(P0.01);20~40 cm土层中,活细根生物量与土壤理化性质之间相关性均不显著(P0.05),但全氮含量与细根总生物量相关性显著(P0.05),与死细根生物量相关性达极显著水平(P0.01);活细根总生物量、死细根总生物量及细根总生物量与全磷含量相关性在两土层中均不显著(P0.05)。     

黄土丘陵区燕沟流域人工刺槐林的细根空间分布特征

对黄土丘陵区燕沟流域10年生人工刺槐林的细根生物量、比根长、根长密度和根面积指数的空间分布特征,以及这些根系参数与土壤物理因子(土壤含水量、土壤温度和土壤密度)的关系进行研究。结果表明:1)人工刺槐林细根在0～180cm土层中随深度呈层次性衰减(a,b,c,d,e);其中,细根生物量、根长密度和根面积指数等随深度变化均可用负指数函数描述,根系集中分布在0～60cm土层,峰值都在0～20cm土层,该土层3项指标分别占各自0～60cm土层总量的42.72%,44.44%和47.14%;比根长随深度增加衰减趋势较弱,在80～140cm土层中出现反复,其随土层深度的变化可用三次多项式描述。2)细根生物量、根长密度和根面积指数等均随距树干基部的距离增加而减小,比根长在0～40cm随距树干距离增加而增加,在40～80cm达到最大值,120～160cm内最少。3)根系分布受环境因子影响,其影响程度依次为:土壤温度>土壤含水量>土壤密度,建立根系参数与土壤物理因子的多元线性回归模型,模型均达到95%以上显著水平。     

第2代杉木林土壤有机碳、全氮对细根分布及形态特征的影响

以20年生杉木人工林为研究对象,分析了杉木细根的生长分布情况及形态学特征.结果表明:第2代杉木人工林的土壤有机碳与全氮主要分布在0～30 cm土壤中,随着土壤深度的增加而明显减少;杉木细根生物量在不同土壤层次问差异显著,随土壤深度的增加而显著减少,主要分布在0～15 cm的表层土壤中,占总量的50.35%,15～30 cm层占30.04%,30～45 cm层占19.61%;细根表面积在不同层次土壤间差异不显著,主要分布在0～30 cm层中,为2.86m2·m-3,占总量的79.88%;随着土壤深度的增加,杉木细根比根长增加不明显;土壤有机碳含量与杉木细根生物量、比根长和根表面积密度之间相关性均不显著;土壤全氮含量与杉木细根生物量和根表面积密度之间存在明显的正相关,与细根比根长存在不太明显的负相关.     

祁连山青海云杉中龄林混交度对细根形态特征的影响

【目的】研究青藏高原东部祁连山地区青海云杉中龄林混交度对各土层细根生物量和形态特征的影响,以期为当地森林恢复和林分经营提供理论依据。【方法】选择混交度分别为0、0. 2、0. 4和0. 6的青海云杉天然中龄林样地,调查混交度对0～20和20～40 cm土层各树种细根生物量密度、比根长、比表面积、根表面积密度和根长密度的影响。【结果】混交度为0. 4的青海云杉林以10～25 cm径级(63. 72%)、24～32 m高度级(48. 72%)和16～20 m高度级(11. 18%)乔木占比最大,且均显著高于其他3个混交度的林分;青海云杉林总细根生物量密度主要分布在0～20 cm土层,占细根总量的68. 31%～83. 49%,其数值随混交度增大呈现先升后降趋势,混交度0. 4时最大,为616. 26 g·m~(-3); 20～40 cm土层总细根生物量密度随混交度增大而增大,在混交度0. 6时最大,为227. 17g·m~(-3);在0～20 cm土层,细根根长密度和根表面积密度表现为混交度0. 4混交度0. 2混交度0混交度0. 6,比根长和比表面积表现为混交度0. 4混交度0. 2混交度0. 6混交度0;在20～40 cm土层,根长密度、根表面积密度和比根长均表现为混交度0. 6混交度0. 4混交度0. 2混交度0,比表面积表现为混交度0. 6混交度0. 2混交度0. 4混交度0;随混交度增大,云杉对0～40 cm土层林分细根生物量密度、比根长、比表面积、根表面积密度和根长密度的贡献逐渐减小,而白桦对0～40 cm土层林分细根生物量密度、比根长、比表面积、根表面积密度和根长密度的贡献持续增大;混交度对细根根长密度和根表面积密度的影响主要表现在0～1 mm径级细根上。【结论】与其他混交度林分相比,混交度为0. 4的青海云杉中龄林具有更合理的径级结构和高度级结构,异龄、复层的林分结构可以减小相邻植株间生态位竞争重叠范围,优化林分空间利用效率,提高群落稳定性,细根生物量密度及细根形态特征如比根长、比表面积、根表面积密度和根长密度达到最大。在未来青海云杉中龄林经营中,合理控制混交度在0. 4左右,可促进群落细根发育,利于森林持续健康发育。     

不同树龄油茶林分中土壤养分的变化特征及对细根生物量的影响

以岑溪软枝油茶(Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera)无性系林分为研究对象,分析幼龄期(2年生)、结果初期(5年生)和盛产期(8年生) 3种林分中土壤养分的变化特征及对细根生物量的影响。结果表明:3种油茶林分中土壤养分总量差异显著,2年生油茶林分中有机质和水解性氮含量最高,5年油茶林分中有效磷含量最高,8年生油茶林分中速效钾含量最高。水平方向上,4种土壤养分在不同林地中分布较为均匀;垂直方向上,4种养分主要分布在土壤中上层0～30 cm处,整体上元素含量随着土层深度的加深而减少。偏相关分析表明:水解性氮对细根生物量的作用主要表现在40～60 cm土层;有效磷细根生物量的影响主要体现在10～40 cm土层,表现为不同程度的正相关性;速效钾对细根生物量的影响主要体现在10～20 cm土层中,表现为显著的负相关。有机质和有效磷与细根生物量呈极显著相关。     

湿地松生物量、材积与土壤条件的相关性

5种密度的湿地松人工林标准木平均生物量为44.32～94.92 kg,单株材积为0.083~0.161 m3。无论0～20 cm土层,还是20～40 cm土层,pH值和放线菌含量都和林木的材积、生物量有显著的相关性。土壤容重、水分含量与林木材积、生物量等指标的相关性分析表明,保证林地土壤充足的水分和定期翻土有利于林木的生长。下层土壤中的过氧化酶、脲酶活性和湿地松的材积、生物量、树干生物量均有显著负相关关系,而蔗糖酶活性却与湿地松针叶生物量有显著正相关关系。氮、磷、钾养分含量与湿地松材积、生物量、树干、树枝相关性不显著,全磷含量与针叶生物量呈显著正相关关系,而速效磷与针叶生物量为极显著负相关关系,其中的深层次原因需要进一步研究。     

平欧杂种榛细根空间分布特征

[目的]探讨单作系统下平欧杂种榛根系空间分布特征,揭示影响细根(吸收根,0d≤2 mm)分布的关键土壤因子,为平欧杂种榛的地下水肥高效管理提供理论参考。[方法]采用田间分层挖掘法和根系形态结构分析系统,研究平欧杂种榛根系径级构成以及垂直与水平分布特征。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛根系主要由细根构成,其中,细根表面积和细根长度分别占测定总根系的60.8%和93.2%,表明平欧杂种榛只有维持足够庞大的细根表面积和长度才能摄取更多的养分和水分以保障正常的生长需求。垂直方向上,平欧杂种榛根系生物量密度、表面积密度和根长密度均随土层深度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,各根系密度参数最大值均在10～20 cm土层。水平方向上,平欧杂种榛根系生物量密度、表面积密度和根长密度均表现为随距树干基部水平距离的增加而减小,且各根系密度参数在水平距离上差异显著。细根密度的空间分布特征表明,距树干基部水平距离0～150 cm以内的0～50 cm土层为细根表面积和根长密度的集中分布区,二者分别占测定总细根的54.16%和48.83%。相关分析表明:平欧杂种榛细根表面积密度和根长密度均与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关,表明细根分布对土壤水分的响应敏感,细根"逐水性"特征明显。[结论]在平欧杂种榛单作系统下,从节水节肥的角度考虑,距树干基部水平距离0～150 cm以内的0～50 cm土层可作为土壤水肥管理的重要区域。     

水曲柳人工林细根季节动态及其影响因素

2002年5-10月,采用连续钻取土芯法对帽儿山实验林场的水曲柳人工林细根(直径＜1 mm)生物量、比根长(SRL)和根长密度(RLD)的季节动态,以及它们与土壤N的有效性、土壤10 cm深处月均温度和含水量的关系进行研究.结果表明:水曲柳细根生物量在春季和秋季分别具有1个明显的高峰,但比根长和根长密度只有1个高峰.在春季和夏季,比根长和根长密度较高,显示细根直径较小,而秋季,这2个参数显著下降,表明细根直径次生增厚或组织密度增加.细根的季节变化与土壤N的有效性、土壤温度和土壤含水量有重要关系.其中细根生物量与土壤铵态氮含量显著相关;硝态氮含量、10 cm深处土壤的温度和土壤含水量与细根的生物量、比根长和根长密度的季节变化正相关,但均不显著(P＞0.05).4种因子的综合作用对水曲柳细根各参数的影响均达到了显著水平.不同季节细根生物量、比根长和根长密度的变化,显示出细根在生长季不同时期具有不同的生理生态功能.     

秦岭3种天然林细根分布特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系

【目的】研究秦岭3种天然林细根分布特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系,为秦岭地区生态治理和森林恢复提供科学依据。【方法】采用土柱法对秦岭辛家山林区云杉林、红桦林及云杉+红桦混交林3种天然林进行根系取样,分析细根生物量密度、细根根长密度、细根体积、细根比根长与土壤有机质含量、孔隙度、密度、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量和湿度的关系。【结果】随土壤深度增加,3种天然林土壤的有机质含量、孔隙度、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量和湿度均降低,但密度升高;随土壤深度增加,3种天然林各细根指标均降低,其中细根生物量主要集中在腐殖质层,各林分在腐殖质层的占比均大于69%;腐殖质层具有最高的细根根长密度、细根体积和细根比根长,分别是淀积层的3.76～4.85、2.63～3.80和1.26～1.67倍,分别是母质层的11.13～14.98、6.32～16.01和1.76～3.28倍;3种天然林中,混交林各土层的细根根长密度最高(平均值为0.45 cm·cm~(-3)),云杉林各土层的细根根长密度、细根体积和细根比根长最低(平均值分别为0.26 cm·cm~(-3)、0.88 mm~(-3)·cm~(-3)和0.60 cm·g~(-1));相关性分析表明,3种天然林分各细根指标与土壤的有机质含量、孔隙度、密度、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量和湿度均呈极显著或显著相关,其中细根生物量密度、细根根长密度、细根体积与土壤有机质含量的正相关性最高(r值分别为0.813、0.795和0.784),与土壤密度的负相关性最高(r值分别为-0.715、-0.658和-0.683);主成分分析表明,影响细根分布的第一主成分因子包括土壤有机质含量、硝态氮含量、密度、孔隙度、湿度和铵态氮含量;通径分析表明,土壤有机质含量对细根生物量密度的直接正效应最高,土壤湿度的间接效应最高且主要是通过有机质含量的间接效应来实现。【结论】秦岭3种天然林的细根指标均随土壤深度增加而减少,土壤腐殖质层为细根集中分布层;3种天然林分中,混交林的细根发达程度最高,云杉林最低;根系分布受多种土壤因子影响,影响程度表现为有机质硝态氮密度孔隙度湿度铵态氮;土壤有机质含量直接影响细根生物量密度;土壤湿度主要通过土壤有机质的间接作用影响细根生物量密度。在对秦岭地区进行生态治理和森林恢复工作过程中,应综合考虑细根生物学特性,合理配置不同树种,注意森林土壤有机质的积累,从而起到维护森林生产力,增强森林生态系统功能的作用。     

Changes in fine root production and longevity in relation to water and nutrient availability in a Norway spruce stand in northern Sweden

Effects of irrigation and liquid fertilization on fine root (< 1 mm) production and longevity, and fine root (< 0.5-2 mm) biomass were studied in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in northern Sweden. Fine root length production and longevity were measured by the minirhizotron technique at 0-10 cm depth in the following treatments: irrigation (I), liquid fertilization (IL) and control (C). Standing root biomass and root length density (RLD) were studied in the litter-fermented humus (LFH) layer and at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm using soil cores in solid fertilized (F) and C plots. Minirhizotrons were installed in October 1994 and measurements recorded monthly from July to September 1995 and during the growing season in 1996. Soil cores were sampled in 1996. Fine root production increased significantly in IL plots compared with C plots, but the I treatment did not increase root production. Root mortality increased significantly in IL plots compared with C plots. Fine root longevity in IL plots was significantly lower compared with C and I plots. No significant difference was found between longevity of fine roots in I and C plots. Compared with C, F treatment increased fine root biomass in the LFH and mineral soil layers, and increased the amount of fine roots in mineral soil layers relative to the LFH layer. Furthermore, F increased RLD and the number of mycorrhizal root tips significantly.     

Stand age and fine root biomass, distribution and morphology in a Norway spruce chronosequence in southeast Norway

We assessed the influence of stand age on fine root biomass and morphology of trees and understory vegetation in 10-, 30-, 60- and 120-year-old Norway spruce stands growing in sandy soil in southeast Norway. Fine root (< 1, 1-2 and 2-5 mm in diameter) biomass of trees and understory vegetation (< 2 mm in diameter) was sampled by soil coring to a depth of 60 cm. Fine root morphological characteristics, such as specific root length (SRL), root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), root tip number and branching frequency (per unit root length or mass), were determined based on digitized root data. Fine root biomass and morphological characteristics related to biomass (RLD and RSA) followed the same tendency with chronosequence and were significantly higher in the 30-year-old stand and lower in the 10-year-old stand than in the other stands. Among stands, mean fine root (< 2 mm) biomass ranged from 49 to 398 g m(-2), SLR from 13.4 to 19.8 m g(-1), RLD from 980 to 11,650 m m(-3) and RSA from 2.4 to 35.4 m(2) m(-3). Most fine root biomass of trees was concentrated in the upper 20 cm of the mineral soil and in the humus layer (0-5 cm) in all stands. Understory fine roots accounted for 67 and 25% of total fine root biomass in the 10- and 120-year-old stands, respectively. Stand age had no affect on root tip number or branching frequency, but both parameters changed with soil depth, with increasing number of root tips and decreasing branching frequency with increasing soil depth for root fractions < 2 mm in diameter. Specific (mass based) root tip number and branching density were highest for the finest roots (< 1 mm) in the humus layer. Season (spring or fall) had no effect on tree fine root biomass, but there was a small and significant increase in understory fine root biomass in fall relative to spring. All morphological characteristics showed strong seasonal variation, especially the finest root fraction, with consistently and significantly higher values in spring than in fall. We conclude that fine root biomass, especially in the finest fraction (< 1 mm in diameter), is strongly dependent on stand age. Among stands, carbon concentration in fine root biomass was highest in the 30-year-old stand, and appeared to be associated with the high tree and canopy density during the early stage of stand development. Values of RLD and RSA, morphological features indicative of stand nutrient-uptake efficiency, were higher in the 30-year-old stand than in the other stands.     

长白山阔叶红松林群落的细根现存量及养分内循环

细根(直径≤2mm)是植物吸收水分和养分的重要器官,细根通过呼吸作用和周转过程向土壤输送有机质(Jackson et al.,1997;王政权等,2008)。细根生物量虽然仅占植物体总生物量的5%左右,但由于细根生长和周转迅速,其生长量可占森林初级生产力的50%～75%(Nadelhoffer et al.,1992),每     

江南油杉细根生物量空间分布及其对土壤水分的响应

[目的]探明广西不同栽培区江南油杉细根生物量的空间分布共性及其对土壤水分的响应机制.[方法]以广西3个栽培区江南油杉人工幼林为研究对象,采用根系全株分层挖掘和根系形态结构分析法,定量分析江南油杉幼树不同径级细根生物量密度、根长密度和表面积密度的空间分布特征.[结果]1)江南油杉幼林期细根生物量在垂直方向上主要分布在0～...     

Impact factors on fine root seasonal dynamics in Fraxinus mandshurica plantations

Fine root turnover plays important roles in carbon allocation and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Seasonal dynamics of fine roots is critical for understanding the processes of fine root turnover. From May to October 2002, soil core method was used for estimating the seasonal pattern of fine root (diameter < 1 mm) parameters (biomass, specific root length (SRL) and root length density (RLD)) in a Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) plantation located at the Maoershan Experiment Station, Heilongjiang Province, northeast of China. The relationships of fine root biomass, SRL and RLD with available nitrogen in soil, average soil temperature per month in 10 cm depth and soil moisture content were analyzed. Seasonal variation of fine root biomass was significant (P < 0.05). The peak values of fine root biomass were observed both in spring and in autumn, but SRL and RLD were the highest in spring and lowest in autumn. Specific root length and root length density were higher in spring and summer, which means that fine root diameter was thinner. In autumn, both parameters decreased significantly due to secondary incrassation of fine root diameter or the increase of tissue density. Seasonal dynamics of fine roots was associated with available nitrogen in soil, soil temperature in 10 cm depth and moisture content. Fine root biomass has a significant relationship with available NH₄ ⁺-N in soil. Available NO₃ ⁻-N in soil, soil temperature in 10-cm depth and moisture content have a positive correlation with fine root biomass, SRL and RLD, although these correlations are not significant (P > 0.05). But the compound effects of soil available N, soil temperature and soil moisture content are significant to every root parameter. The variations of these three root parameters in different seasons show different physiological and ecological functions in different growing periods. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(9): 7–12 [译自: 林业科学]     

Comparison of the fine root dynamics of Populus euphratica forests in different habitats in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in Xinjiang, China, during the growing season

The fine root dynamics of Populus euphratica forests in the upper section (Yingsu) and lower section (Alagan) habitats of the lower reaches of the Tarim River, southern Xinjiang, China, were investigated and compared by a sequential soil coring method during the growing season of 2008. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil water content, fine root biomass, necromass, and production were significantly higher in Yingsu than in Alagan, suggesting better nutrient conditions for fine root growth in Yingsu than in Alagan. Fine root biomass, necromass, and production significantly increased from April until it peaked in August, and then it decreased. Fine root biomass, necromass, and production differed significantly among the soil layers, and their largest values appeared in the soil layer 40–80?cm deep. Mean turnover rates in the 0–120?cm soil layer were 1.60 and 1.52?year^?1 in Yingsu and Alagan, respectively, and the fine root turnover rate did not differ significantly between the two habitats or among the soil layers. These results show that habitat change can significantly affect fine root biomass and the production of P. euphratica forests, leading to changes in plant primary production, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.     

滴灌栽培杨树人工林细根空间分布特征

[目的]为探究滴灌条件下杨树人工林细根的空间分布特征,对大兴区林场滴灌栽培的5年生欧美107杨的细根分布进行研究。[方法]采用根钻法分别在株间、对角和行间方向距树干0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5 m处取样,取样深度为60 cm,每10 cm为1个土层。[结果]滴灌条件下,在不同方向的不同树干距离和土层深度,杨树人工林的细根生物量和根长表现出相似的分布特征,其分布受树干距离、土层及其交互作用的影响显著(P0.05)。滴灌条件下,株间方向的细根总长为12.7 cm,分别是对角和行间方向细根长的1.82倍和2.32倍,上述3个方向取样位点细根总长为25.2 cm,其中的86.4%在滴灌形成的湿润带范围内;0 40 cm土层的细根长占0 60 cm土层细根总长的84.5%。各方向的细根水平分布特征不同,株间方向细根长在距树干0.5 m处最大,为4.2 cm,占该方向细根总长的33.1%,且与其他树干距离处差异显著(P0.05);对角和行间方向细根长在距树干0.2 m处最大,分别为2.7、2.3 cm,占各自方向细根总长的38.1%和41.8%。各方向的细根垂直分布特征不同,株间方向细根长在0 10 cm土层最大,为3.7 cm,占该方向细根总长的29.1%,且与其他土层差异显著(P0.05);对角和行间方向细根长均在10 20 cm土层最大,分别为2.0、1.7 cm,占各自方向细根总长的27.9%和31.0%,与其他土层细根长差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]滴灌条件下,杨树人工林细根的空间分布特征可以采用细根生物量或细根长任一指标来表述。滴灌后形成的连续湿润带导致土壤水分条件的差异使细根在不同方向的水平分布和垂直分布特征不同,细根分布表现为株间对角行间,细根主要分布在湿润带范围内且在0 40 cm土层相对集中分布。依据滴灌栽培杨树人工林细根的水平和垂直分布规律,每次滴灌后应保证水分侧渗到距离树干至少50 cm的范围,下渗的深度至少达到40 cm深,以满足杨树人工林正常生长对水分的需求。本研究结果和结论为确定精准的单次有效灌溉量提供理论依据,从而实现既节水又确保林木正常生长的双重目标。     

刺槐细根面积的动态变化研究

在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区的安塞县,采用生长季内连续钻取土芯法进行根系调查取样,研究刺槐细根面积的动态变化,结果表明:东南坡与西北坡刺槐累积细根面积存在显著差异。西北坡刺槐累积细根面积大于东南坡,分别为东南坡的1.58倍(4月)、1.86倍(7月)和1.24倍(10月)。同时,东南坡与西北坡刺槐累积细根面积都表现出10月>4月>7月的动态变化。东南坡与西北坡刺槐细根面积在各土层所占比例具有一定的差异。但是,不同坡向刺槐细根垂直分布的动态变化趋势基本相同。无论在东南坡还是西北坡4月和10月约70%的细根分布在0～150cm土层,30%分布在160～250cm土层。7月约80%的细根分布在0～150cm土层,20%分布在160～250cm土层。不同月份间,刺槐细根面积在0～40cm土层所占比例变动较大,而40～150cm土层变动较小。刺槐细根面积垂直分布的动态变化与剖面土壤水分的动态变化相吻合。