金黄色葡萄菌对小鼠乳腺肥大细胞数量的影响

试验主要探讨金黄色葡萄球菌对小鼠乳腺组织肥大细胞的影响，为研究肥大细胞在乳腺炎中的作用提供新的动物模型。 1 材料与方法 1．1 材料 7～8周龄BALB／c系封闭群清洁级未经产母鼠24只，体重20～25g；成年公鼠12只，均购自河北医科大学实验动物中心。     

低甲状态下睾丸肥大细胞量变的初探

研究睾丸肥大细胞在低甲状态下量变及组化性质的动态变化 ;用组织学方法制作小鼠睾丸组织的石蜡切片 ,并用H·E、TB和AB -S免疫组化染色 ,观察睾丸组织的一般结构、肥大细胞量变及其颗粒的异质性 ,并对其进行临界电解质浓度的测定。结果表明 ,试验组小鼠睾丸肥大细胞的数量在同期极显著的高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,且均随甲低时间的推移呈递增趋势。肥大细胞颗粒红染、混合染比例下降 ,蓝染比例逐渐增大 ,且CEC值逐渐减少 ,即肥大细胞颗粒由高硫酸化的糖胺多糖向低硫酸化的糖胺多糖转化     

实验性乳腺炎小鼠乳腺肥大细胞的变化

应用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法和苏木精-伊红染色法对金黄色葡萄球菌诱发实验性乳腺炎小鼠乳腺肥大细胞的数量、分布、活性进行了研究。正常对照组小鼠乳腺组织中肥大细胞主要分布于乳腺小叶之间的结缔组织中,有些围绕血管或乳腺导管分布,腺上皮之间没有肥大细胞分布;阳性试验组小鼠乳腺肥大细胞主要分布在相邻腺泡周围或腺导管上皮周围,胞质内充满异染颗粒,脱颗粒状态显著,甚至表现有颗粒耗竭现象,腺泡中有一定程度的肥大细胞浸润。肥大细胞计数结果显示,阳性试验组母鼠乳腺内的肥大细胞数急剧增多,显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而脱颗粒肥大细胞数阳性试验组与正常对照组相比极显著增多(P<0.01)。结论:肥大细胞在小鼠乳腺炎的致病机制中发挥重要作用,参与了乳腺炎的发病过程。     

双酚A对小鼠附睾和性腺肥大细胞数量和分布的影响

将18只8周龄雄性昆明小鼠随机分为3组,适应饲养1周后分别腹腔注射50μL、每千克体重含0(对照组)、10(试验1组)和100 mg(试验2组)双酚A的乙醇,每天1次,连续2周。处理结束,取附睾和性腺制备组织切片,通过改良甲苯胺蓝染色法测定附睾和性腺组织肥大细胞数量与分布的变化。结果:在附睾头被膜,试验2组增加到45.37个/mm2,在附睾头间质,试验1、2组每1 mm2分别增加到36.74、38.16个,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在附睾尾被膜,试验2组增加到50.24个/mm2,在附睾尾间质,100 mg/kg组每1 mm2增加到43.22个(P<0.01);在精囊腺被膜,试验2组增加到56.25个/mm2,在精囊腺间质,对照组肥大细胞数为43.35个,试验1、2组每1 mm2分别增加到54.43、58.65个(P<0.01);在前列腺被膜,试验组与对照组相比,均无明显变化;在前列腺间质,试验2组每1 mm2增加到66.15个(P<0.01)。结果表明,双酚A暴露影响小鼠附睾和性腺肥大细胞数量和分布,可能对附睾中生精细胞的进一步发育成熟也有影响。     

不同浓度的大蒜溶液对小鼠小肠黏膜肥大细胞和IgA阳性反应物数量变化的研究

试验选用8周龄Balb/c小鼠50只分别饲喂5种不同浓度的大蒜溶液,利用组织化学法和图像分析法研究不同浓度的大蒜溶液对小鼠小肠黏膜肥大细胞和IrA阳性反应物的数量变化.结果表明:各试验组小鼠小肠的肥大细胞密度由十二指肠向空肠、回肠逐渐减少,IgA阳性反应物的数量逐渐降低;1%大蒜溶液组小鼠小肠的肥大细胞、IgA阳性反应物的数量明显高于对照组、2%大蒜溶液组、5%大蒜溶液组、10%大蒜溶液组,且差异极显著(P<0.01).结果说明1%大蒜溶液对改善和增强小鼠小肠的消化吸收功能,提高肠道的防御能力效果较好.     

实验性甲低小鼠心脏肥大细胞的改变

肥大细胞是机体内一种重要的免疫细胞，能分泌白三烯（LTs）、前列腺素（PG）、血小板活化因子（PAF）、氧代谢产物、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF—a）和多种白介素等炎症介质，也可分泌一氧化氮（NO）、细胞因子（CK）、组胺、5-羟色胺（5HT）和趋化因子等免疫分子，在人类及动物某些速发变态反应性疾病、寄生虫感染、生殖、免疫、某些非特异性炎症和肿瘤性疾病中发挥重要的作用。我们的研究也发现随着甲状腺的肿大，甲状腺内的肥大细胞发生了改变。     

实验性蛔虫感染鸡空肠粘膜和胸腺髓质肥大细胞的数量变化

对试验性蛔虫感染鸡的空肠粘膜和胸腺髓质肥大细胞的数量变化的研究表明 ,蛔虫感染鸡空肠粘膜肥大细胞较对照组有轻度增多 ,但无统计学显著差异性 (P>0 .0 5 )。然而 ,试验组鸡的胸腺髓质肥大细胞为 (136± 49)个 / m m2 ,较对照组的 (2 73± 5 6 )个 / mm2有极显著减少 (P<0 .0 0 1)。似乎试验感染鸡胸腺髓质肥大细胞的显著减少与空肠粘膜肥大细胞的相对增多之间存在某些相关性。     

精子膜抗原SA-30免疫对小鼠子宫内肥大细胞的影响

用牛精子膜抗原SA 30免疫雌性昆明系小鼠 ,取小鼠子宫做常规石蜡切片 ,甲苯胺蓝染色检测子宫内的肥大细胞。结果表明 ,所有肥大细胞均位于子宫肌层 ,间情期时 ,SA 30免疫组和对照组子宫内肥大细胞在数量上无明显差别 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而妊娠第 3天的小鼠子宫中 ,SA 30免疫后肥大细胞显著增多 (P <0 0 5 )。提示SA 30免疫可能诱导妊娠早期小鼠子宫内的细胞免疫反应 ,从而导致生育力的下降。     

不同硒营养状态下大鼠血浆甲状腺激素水平的变化

以Hooded lister大鼠作为动物模型,用以纯氨基酸为基础配制的半纯合日粮,研究了在不同硒营养状态下大鼠体内甲状腺激素的代谢。结果表明,大鼠食用缺硒日粮(含硒0.005ppm),经硒耗竭四周后,肝SeGSH-Px活性降到对照组(含硒0.105ppm)大鼠的1.0％(P<0.01),GST酶活性显著上升(P<0.01);血浆四碘甲腺原氨酸(T_4)水平上升(P<0.05),而三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)水平下降(P<0.05),血浆促甲状腺激素(CSH)含量无明显变化。说明硒为正常甲状腺激素代谢所必需。     

不同浓度大蒜溶液对小鼠小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞数量变化的影响

大蒜具有消炎、降压、降血脂、抗衰老、防癌、治癌、抗病毒等多种功效.应用于饲料中主要用作杀菌剂、杀虫剂、解毒剂、调味剂、增产剂和品质改善剂,大蒜具有无污染、抗菌力强、安全性高、无耐药性、低残留、低成本等优点且不会对人和动物产生"三致现象",可替代抗生素,故被广泛应用于畜牧业[1].     

Assessment of thyroid function in dogs with low plasma thyroxine concentration

BACKGROUND: Differentiation between hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness in dogs poses specific problems, because plasma total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations are often low in nonthyroidal illness, and plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations are frequently not high in primary hypothyroidism. HYPOTHESIS: The serum concentrations of the common basal biochemical variables (TT4, freeT4 [fT4], and TSH) overlap between dogs with hypothyroidism and dogs with nonthyroidal illness, but, with stimulation tests and quantitative measurement of thyroidal 99mTcO4(-) uptake, differentiation will be possible. ANIMALS: In 30 dogs with low plasma TT4 concentration, the final diagnosis was based upon histopathologic examination of thyroid tissue obtained by biopsy. Fourteen dogs had primary hypothyroidism, and 13 dogs had nonthyroidal illness. Two dogs had secondary hypothyroidism, and 1 dog had metastatic thyroid cancer. METHODS: The diagnostic value was assessed for (1) plasma concentrations of TT4, fT4, and TSH; (2) TSH-stimulation test; (3) plasma TSH concentration after stimulation with TSH-releasing hormone (TRH); (4) occurrence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs); and (5) thyroidal 99mTcO4(-) uptake. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of TT4, fT4, TSH, and the hormone pairs TT4/TSH and fT4/TSH overlapped in the 2 groups, whereas, with TgAbs, there was 1 false-negative result. Results of the TSH- and TRH-stimulation tests did not meet earlier established diagnostic criteria, overlapped, or both. With a quantitative measurement of thyroidal 99mTcO4(-) uptake, there was no overlap between dogs with primary hypothyroidism and dogs with nonthyroidal illness. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results of this study confirm earlier observations that, in dogs, accurate biochemical diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism poses specific problems. Previous studies, in which the TSH-stimulation test was used as the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism may have suffered from misclassification. Quantitative measurement of thyroidal 99mTcO- uptake has the highest discriminatory power with regard to the differentiation between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness.     

犊牛甲状腺细胞的制作

犊牛甲状腺细胞对口蹄疫病毒特别敏感 ,并能产生很高的病毒滴度。该细胞制作的成功对口蹄疫病毒的分离鉴定有重要意义。本文报告了该细胞的制作方法。     

On the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland of the bovine foetus

The thyroids of 117 bovine foetuses were studied by some histochemical and selective staining methods with respect to the occurrence of parafollicular cells. Furthermore, 7 foetuses were studied by electron microscopy. The length of the foetuses varied from 6 to 72 cm corresponding to an estimated age of about 2 to 9 months. Parafollicular cells were observed in the thyroids of all foetuses examined. The ultrastructure of the parafollicular cells in the foetuses differed very little from that described in adult animals. Histochemically, Luxol fast blue positive phospholipids and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity could be observed in the cells. The Solcia-Sampietro method gave positive results in most of the foetuses examined. The reactions observed at light microscopic level were rather faint in the youngest foetuses. The functional aspects of the results are discussed.     

The avian thyroid gland.

There has been a considerable amount of research regarding the function of the avian thyroid gland, particularly in chickens. There is also more information on diseases of the avian thyroid gland, although it is usually in the form of case reports. This article covers a limited amount of material on the structure and function of the avian thyroid gland and its diseases.     

Increased numbers of duodenal mucosal mast cells in turkeys inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus.

The relation between average duodenal mast cell count, duodenal mucosal mast cell numbers, duodenal connective tissue mast cell numbers, circulating basophil numbers, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lesion score were studied to gain an understanding of the events that may lead to intestinal lesion formation associated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) infection. Changes in vascular permeability in the duodenum in birds inoculated with HEV were examined, using colloidal carbon and ferritin as vascular markers. Turkeys inoculated with HEV had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher duodenal mast cell counts than did noninfected controls. Birds inoculated with HEV had significantly (P less than 0.05) more mucosal mast cells than did phosphate-buffered saline solution-inoculated birds. Connective tissue mast cell and basophil numbers were unaffected by viral inoculation. Thermal stress did not have significant effect on lesion severity, but did increase number of birds that developed the characteristic intestinal lesions. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in HEV-inoculated birds, compared with phosphate-buffered saline solution-inoculated controls. Increase in vascular permeability was only detected in HEV-inoculated birds with intestinal lesions. Results indicate that mast cells, and the vasoactive mediators contained within mast cells, may be important in the early manifestation of HEV infection. They also provide a possible mechanism through which biochemical and physiologic changes characteristic of HEV infection can occur.     

Changes in thyroxine, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine content in the thyroid gland and in serum to thyroid tissue iodothyronine ratios during ontogenesis in the fetal pig

The concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3; rT3) in thyroid gland tissue and serum of the fetal pig (n = 68) from day 39 to 113 of gestation were measured. Tracer quantities of iodothyronines, displaying the onset of thyroid hormone activity, were found in the thyroid tissue on day 39, i.e. before the appearance of a measurable quantity of iodothyronines in the serum. The T4 and T3 thyroidal content showed the first rise between days 56 and 76. Then, T3 was increasing sharply from day 92 till birth, while T4 content was decreasing from about day 76 to a low value between day 92 and 105, and then showing an increase shortly before birth. The rT3 content was the highest on day 39 and then it was steadily decreasing to reach a nadir on about day 76. Measurable amounts of thyroid hormones (TH) in the serum were observed not earlier than on day 46 of gestation. Near birth, the tissues of the pig fetus are in a milieu characterised by the highest blood TH concentrations. The serum to thyroid concentration ratio for rT3 and T4 was generally below 1.0 until the last trimester of gestation, when it was over 5.0 for rT3 and over 4.0 for T4. By contrast, the T3 serum to thyroid ratio was below 0.5 throughout the gestation. The results show that the fetal pig thyroid displays a low rT3 and T4 content, but the marked T3 elevation observed near term supports the view that a high production and secretion of T3 near term may be a critical factor for normal postnatal adaptation to extrauterine cooling in the pig.     

The involvement of mast cells and mast cell proteinases in the intestinal response to equine cyathostomin infection

Cyathostomins (Cyathostominae) are regarded as the most pathogenic equine nematode worldwide. These nematodes are difficult to control in equine populations due to emerging anthelmintic resistance and evasion of encysted larval cyathostomins to regular modern anthelmintics. Mast cells and their proteinases have been shown to play a role in the mammalian immune response to nematode infections. Involvement of mast cells and mast cell proteinases in the equine immune response to cyathostomin infection is proposed. A technique was established to perform immunohistochemical staining using polyclonal rabbit anti-equine mast cell proteinase-1 (eqMCP-1) and anti-equine tryptase on formalin-fixed large intestinal sections, from horses classified as cyathostomin positive and negative at the time of death based upon larval enumeration. Quantitative analysis of antibody labelled mast cells was used to detect mast cell proteinases in equine large intestinal sections positive and negative for cyathostomin larvae. This demonstrated an increase in equine tryptase labelled mucosal and submucosal mast cells in cyathostomin positive horses. This study has established an immunohistochemical technique to demonstrate mast cell proteinases in formalin-fixed large intestinal sections. This technique may be used to determine possible involvement of mast cells and their proteinases in the equine immune response to cyathostomin larvae. Further studies are required to define a specific role.