The Effect of Variety and Location on Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) Fruit Quality

Little is known about the performance of South African cactus pear varieties in different agro-ecological regions. Effects of locality on internal quality parameters of available cactus pear varieties were examined. With only one exception, no significant differences among the mean replication values for the different parameters between the different locations were observed. The differences between mean values for most individual parameters at the three localities were highly significant. Highly significant differences between the mean values for the measured characteristics were observed, not only among the locations (except for the pulp glucose values), but also for the influences of genotype and interaction between locality and genotype. Significant variations existed between mean values of the different characteristics between localities. Genotype × environmental interactions were noted. It was concluded that Meyers is the most appropriate cultivar for economical purposes in South Africa.     

王草中水不溶性膳食纤维制备工艺研究

为提高王草综合利用水平,以王草为原料,采用化学水解法制备王草水不溶性膳食纤维,并探讨过氧化氢对其漂白效果的影响,测定其理化性质。结果表明,王草水不溶性膳食纤维最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度55℃,NaOH质量浓度40g/L,提取时间120 min。该条件下提取率最高达到46.52%;最佳漂白工艺为过氧化氢浓度40 mL/L,时间2 h,温度50℃,pH值为9;王草水不溶性膳食纤维的膨胀力4.26 mL/g,持水力5.64 g/g。     

Dual Functionality of Triticale as a Novel Dietary Source of Prebiotics with Antioxidant Activity in Fermented Dairy Products

The objectives of this study were to: i) define the optimum concentration of triticale bran (TB) that can be incorporated in yogurt, ii) evaluate the prebiotic effects of TB on microbial viability, pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) in yogurt across 28 days of cold storage, and iii) measure the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of water-extractable polysaccharides (WEP) in TB. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis were used as probiotics. A concentration of 4% TB in yogurt was determined to be the maximum amount that could be added without causing synersis. By day 7, the number of bacteria greatly increased in yogurt samples containing TB and maintained higher viable bacteria counts at the end of the cold storage period, in comparison to controls (P ≤ 0.05). Confirming this data was the lower pH levels and higher TTA values of TB yogurt samples exhibited throughout 28 days (P ≤ 0.05). Polysaccharide extracts of TB exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an ORAC value of 33.86 ± 2.30 μmol trolox equivalents (TE)/g of bran. Results of this study suggest that TB may serve as a new prebiotic and antioxidant source for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.     

Incorporation of Buriti Endocarp Flour in Gluten-free Whole Cookies as Potential Source of Dietary Fiber

Cookies were prepared by replacing a mixture of brown rice flour (70 %) and corn starch (30 %) (BRFCS) by buriti endocarp flour (BEF) (0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 %). BEF figured as a potential source of dietary fiber (70.53 g 100 g^?1), especially of insoluble fiber (67.50 g 100 g^?1), and gluten-free whole cookies showed increased dietary fiber content by adding 5, 10, 15 and 20 % BEF (8.58 to 20.02 g 100 g^?1) when compared to control cookie (6.91 g 100 g^?1). The addition of BEF affected diameter, spread ratio, color and texture of cookies. All cookies added with BEF were darker, harder and presented smaller diameter and smaller spread ratio than the control cookie. These difference increased proportionally to level of substitution of BRFSC by BEF. Gluten-free whole cookies with up to 15 % BEF were well accepted by consumers. Therefore, the use of BEF in cookies may increase the availability of functional ingredients source of dietary fiber for celiac consumers, add economic value to buriti processing by-products and decrease environmental impacts due to the high amounts of waste generated by buriti processing industries.     

Opuntia humifusa Partitioned Extracts Inhibit the Growth of U87MG Human Glioblastoma Cells

Opuntia humifusa, a member of the Cactaceae family widely distributed in the southern regions of the Korean peninsula, has potential bioactive functions and medicinal benefits. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hexane, ethyl acetate extracts and water partitioned fraction of O. humifusa on proliferation, G1 arrest and apoptosis in U87MG human glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma cellular proliferation was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and the effects of O. humifusa partitioned extracts on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that when U87MG cells were treated with hexane extracts and water partitioned fraction of O. humifusa, the number of viable cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, water partitioned fractions of O. humifusa induced G1 arrest and non-apoptotic cell death as well as significant increases in ROS production in U87MG cells. In conclusion, water partitioned fractions of O. humifusa induce G1 arrest and inhibit U87MG human glioblastoma cell proliferation.     

Antioxidant Effect of Dietary Supplement Withania somnifera L. Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined from the extracts of Withania somnifera root (WSREt) and leaf (WSLEt). The WSREt has 28.26 mg/g total phenolic compounds and 17.32 mg/g flavonoids, whereas WSLEt has 5.4 mg/g total phenolic compounds and 5.1 mg/g flavonoids. The WSREt, WSLEt and glibenclamide were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for 8 weeks. After the treatment, the levels of urine sugar, blood glucose, liver glycogen, and antioxidants like vitamin C and E in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver, kidney and heart were determined. Diabetic rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in glucose and TBARS and a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glycogen, vitamin C and E, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH levels when compared to normal control rats. Administration of WSREt, WSLEt and glibenclamide to diabetic rats restored the levels to normal. In the light of aforesaid facts, it is suggested that the presence of phenolic compounds including flavonoids in W. somnifera root and leaf extracts and their antioxidant activity may play a vital role in reduction of blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

菠萝叶纤维细度分选

以无刺卡因、巴厘这两类品种的菠萝叶纤维为原料,对老叶和嫩叶所提取的纤维进行不同部位的纤维细度测定,结果表明：无刺卡因类菠萝叶老叶提取的纤维长度达到80～100 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.40、18.53 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在50～70 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.27、14.77 dtex;巴厘类菠萝叶提取的纤维长度达到70～90 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.13、18.50 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在45～65 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.09、15.03 dtex。经方差分析,卡因类和巴厘类菠萝叶老叶根部与尖部纤维细度存在显著差异（p<0.05）。     

裸燕麦膳食纤维组成含量研究及优异资源筛选

为了研究裸燕麦不同品种间膳食纤维组成、含量与营养品质的多样性,完善裸燕麦营养品质评价体系,筛选出优异资源,测定了24个裸燕麦品种籽粒的膳食纤维组成(β-葡聚糖、半纤维素、果胶、纤维素、低聚糖和抗性淀粉)和营养品质指标(蛋白质、淀粉、灰分和脂肪),并运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对24个裸燕麦品种的营养品质进行综合评价。结果表明,β-葡聚糖和半纤维素占总膳食纤维的比例范围分别为31.2%～49.0%和25.8%～48.7%,是裸燕麦膳食纤维的主要组成成分。主成分分析结果表明,蛋白质、半纤维素、β-葡聚糖和果胶可作为裸燕麦营养品质评价的核心指标;品质综合评价前10名的燕麦品种分别为张莜8号、迪燕1号、白燕16号、坝莜13号、魏都莜5号、白燕2号、晋燕17号、坝莜16号、坝莜18号和白燕18号。聚类分析结果表明,24个裸燕麦品种可划分为5类,类群Ⅲ中品种的蛋白质、β-葡聚糖和脂肪含量最高,类群Ⅳ中品种的半纤维素含量较高。综合品质评价前十名的燕麦品种有1个来自类群Ⅲ,2个来自类群Ⅱ,有3个来自类群Ⅳ,有4个来自类群Ⅰ,这10个品种可用于改良燕麦籽粒品质性状的优异材料。     

桃金娘果实提取物抗氧化活性研究

以去除种子后的桃金娘果实为试验材料,分别采用等体积的水与体积分数80%甲醇进行提取,测定2种提取物的总酚与总黄酮含量,并对2种提取物的DPPH自由基与ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明,桃金娘果实的2种提取物均具有不同程度的多酚含量与抗氧化活性,体积分数80%甲醇提取物的总酚与总黄酮含量、DPPH与ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力均显著高于水提取物。研究结果表明,桃金娘果实多酚物质具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

Effect of Boiling in Water of Barley and Buckwheat Groats on the Antioxidant Properties and Dietary Fiber Composition

In recent years, there has been an ever-increasing interest in the research of polyphenols obtained from dietary sources, and their antioxidative properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of boiling buckwheat and barley groats on the antioxidant properties and dietary fiber composition. Antioxidative properties were investigated using methyl linoleate model system, by assessing the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity. The results were compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Raw barley and buckwheat groats extracts showed higher DPPH scavenging ability compared to boiled barley and buckwheat groats extracts. Raw barley groats extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than boiled groats extract in the methyl linoleate emulsion. Higher chelating ability in relation to Fe (II) ions was observed for boiled groats extracts as compared to raw groats extracts. BHT showed small antiradical activity and metal chelating activity, while showing higher antioxidative activity in emulsion system. The analysis of groats extracts using HPLC method showed the presence of rutin, catechin, quercetin, gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric, vanillic, sinapic, and ferulic acids. Differences in the content of dietary fiber and its fractions were observed in the examined products. The highest total dietary fiber content was detected in boiled buckwheat groats, while the lowest - in boiled barley groats. The scientific achievements of this research could help consumers to choose those cereal products available on the market, such as barley and buckwheat groats, which are a rich source of antioxidative compounds and dietary fiber.     

豆渣水溶性膳食纤维特性研究

通过红外光谱仪、粘度计等对豆渣水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的特性进行了研究。结果表明:豆渣水溶性膳食纤维为多糖类物质,其持水力为8.25 g·g-1,溶胀力为9.38 m L·g-1,结合水力7.11 g·g-1,阳离子交换能力为0.73 mmo L·g-1。豆渣水溶性膳食纤维溶液粘度随剪切速率的增加而降低,呈现假塑性流体。豆渣水溶性膳食纤维有吸附胆酸钠的作用,其添加量越多,溶液中胆酸钠被吸附的量也越多,吸附平衡所花的时间越长。     

花生秆水溶性膳食纤维的超声波提取及抗氧化活性研究

研究以花生秆为原料,用超声波法提取花生秆水溶性膳食纤维(SDF),并对SDF的抗氧化活性进行了研究.单因素和正交试验结果显示超声波提取SDF的最佳工艺条件为:超声波频率28kHz、反应温度80℃、反应时间120min、超声波功率240W.在此条件下,SDF的得率为5.35%,SDF中非淀粉多糖(NSP)含量为65.49...     

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Aphanes arvensis Extracts

The objectives of this study were to examine the free radical scavenging activity and the protective effects against macromolecular oxidation as well as the cytotoxic activity of Aphanes arvensis aqueous and methanolic extracts. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH method. The methanolic extract showed a scavenging activity nearly equivalent to Trolox and Vitamin C and has an IC₅₀ value of 4.54 μg/mL. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by CUPRAC method. The antioxidant capacity of aqueous and methanolic extract was 0.792 and 1.550 mmol TE/g DWE, respectively. The protective effect of A. arvensis extracts against lipid peroxidation was evaluated using a liposome oxidation system. The methanolic extract was more active than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract possessed protective effect against protein oxidation in a dose dependent manner. Both extracts showed inhibitory effect on DNA oxidation as measured by plasmid relaxation assay. Results presented here indicate that A. arvensis possess strong antioxidant activity and protective effects with very little cytotoxic effect, and they can therefore be used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.     

原生态椰子油体外抗氧化活性

对原生态椰子油(VCO)的体外抗氧化活性进行了评价,分析了VCO中总酚酸的含量及其对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力,对Fe~(2+)的络合能力以及对花生油的抗氧化能力.结果表明,VCO中总酚酸的含量为(0.180±0.003)mg/mL;对DPPH自由基的清除率为31.95%.低于Trolox、BHT和没食子酸;对ABTS~+自由基的清除能力为67.49 μmol/L Tmlox当量(TEAC值);对Fe~(2+)的络合能力优于Tmlox和BHT,但显著低于没食子酸;VCO对花生油具有一定的抗氧化能力.     

Bioavailability of Phenolic Antioxidants Associated with Dietary Fiber: Plasma Antioxidant Capacity After Acute and Long-Term Intake in Humans

Most studies on bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants are focused in foods and beverages in which they may be easily released from the food matrix, reaching a peak in plasma antioxidant capacity 1–2 h after the intake. However, plant foods contain significant amounts of polyphenols associated with dietary fiber. The aim of the present work was to seek the bioavailability of total phenolic antioxidants associated with dietary fiber by measuring plasma antioxidant capacity in human volunteers. An acute intake of 15 g of a dietary fiber rich in associated phenolic antioxidants in healthy volunteers (n = 10) increased antioxidant capacity of plasma in relation to a control group (n = 4), becoming significant 8 h after the intake. This shows that phenolic antioxidants associated with dietary fiber are at least partially bioavailable in humans, although dietary fiber appears to delay their absorption. No significant changes were observed after long-term intake (16 weeks, 34 subjects).     

诺丽果汁的抗氧化性研究

采用分光光度计法,以维他命C（Vc）为对照,考察诺丽果汁的多酚含量及其对1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、2,2-联氮双（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢（H2O2）等的抗氧化活性。结果表明：诺丽果汁中多酚含量较高（1.934 mg/mL）,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢等均具有很好的清除活性,且在清除羟自由基能力试验中,其活性显著高于阳性对照（Vc）,表明诺丽果汁对人体具有良好的营养保健功效。     

槟榔多糖的抗氧化活性及其对细胞内氧化损伤抑制作用的研究

研究了槟榔多糖粗提物（ASP）的抗氧化活性及其对人皮肤成纤维细胞（HSF）内氧化损伤的抑制作用。结果表明：利用超声波辅助法提取的槟榔子多糖经初步去杂质后,具有良好的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH·）清除能力、二价铁螯合能力和三价铁还原力。在对HSF细胞内氧化损伤的抑制作用研究中,当过氧化氢（H2O2）处理浓度为150 μmol/L、ASP添加浓度为20 μg/mL时,HSF细胞存活率上升至93.15％,与对照组差异不显著（p<0.05）;当短波紫外线照射强度为100 μW/cm2、照射时间为3.5 h、ASP添加量为20 μg/mL 时,HSF细胞存活率上升至82.92％,与对照组差异不显著（p<0.05）。因此,ASP具有抑制H2O2和短波紫外线处理对HSF细胞造成的氧化损伤的作用。     

功能性椰子膳食纤维咀嚼片制备工艺的研究

采用化学处理法、超微粉碎等技术从椰麸中制备椰子膳食纤维(Coconut dietary fiber,CDF),继之以CDF为基料,探讨CDF、甜味剂、填充剂的添加量及造粒工序对咀嚼片风味口感和感官质量的影响。结果表明,当CDF添加量为35%,麦芽糖醇为18%、变性淀粉为8%时,咀嚼片的综合质量较为理想。     

麒麟藻渣制备膳食纤维工艺研究

以提取卡拉胶后的麒麟藻废渣为原料,利用木瓜蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶对粗纤维进行酶解,制备膳食纤维。正交试验优化提取工艺,得出最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1∶30,时间1.5 h,温度为65℃,蛋白酶用量为0.35%、α-淀粉酶用量为1.5%,膳食纤维得率为35.58%。按照最佳工艺条件提取的麒麟藻渣膳食纤维,膨胀力10.93 mL/g,持水力721.72%。