叶面喷施木醋液对水稻农艺性状和产量的影响

木醋液是生物炭制成过程中所产生烟雾冷凝形成的液体,本试验旨在研究木醋液对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。以水稻‘天两优14’为试材,用稀释100和300倍的木醋液,分别在分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗期喷施1～3次,测定农艺指标。结果表明,除稀释100倍木醋液喷施1次处理外,喷施不同稀释倍数及不同次数的木醋液均能提高水稻产量1.7%～16.9%,生物量10.0%～24.8%,有效穗数12.7%～23.7%,总粒数6.2%～22.3%,实粒数6.6%～18.8%。同时显著提高了水稻的株高2.7%～9.2%,分蘖数10.9%～46.7%,SPAD 2.1%～27.1%。以稀释300倍喷施2次和3次的增加效果较好,且喷施2次与3次之间没有显著性差异。综上,稀释300倍的木醋液可促进水稻的生长且提高水稻的产量,一般以分蘖期和孕穗期各喷施1次施用效应更好。     

叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对锦绣黄桃叶片性状和果实经济性状影响

为进一步提升锦绣黄桃品质,通过喷施不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾试验,观察测定不同叶面肥浓度对锦绣黄桃果实品质和叶片的影响,筛选出提高锦绣黄桃品质所需磷酸二氢钾的最佳浓度。     

叶面喷施沼液对花生生长性状及产量的影响

以连花6号为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施沼液对花生生长性状及产量的影响,结果表明:花生叶面喷施沼液有效地提高了花生植株的主茎高度和侧枝长度,干物质积累和叶片叶绿素含量值增加,百仁重增大,出米率提高,每667m2产荚果318.22kg、子仁233.79kg,喷施效果明显高于喷施磷酸二氢钾液体肥。     

小麦叶面喷施腐植酸肥试验初报

为验证叶面喷施腐植酸肥料对小麦的增产效果,2011年,笔者在昌吉地区进行了小麦叶面喷施腐植酸对比试验。试验结果表明,在小麦灌浆期叶面喷施腐殖酸类叶面肥,能增加小麦的千粒重,小麦增产效果显著。     

叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾和锌锰对旱地冬小麦的效应

田间试验结果表明：旱地冬小麦拔节—孕穗期叶面喷施硫酸锌、硫酸锰,或灌浆期喷施磷酸二氢钾均能取得较好效果。叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾能提高千粒重,覆膜N120处理、N240处理小麦分别较其相同氮水平下常规对照提高3.4g和4.3g;提高幅度分别为7.9%和10.4%;但喷施KH2PO4不影响籽粒蛋白质含量。拔节孕穗期叶面喷施锌、锰,具有显著增产效果,较清水对照增产18.4%。     

棉花叶面喷施高浓度氮肥效应初报

在棉花花铃期，于17时后，以叶面喷施4％，8％浓度的尿素与根施花铃肥进行比较试验，结果表明喷8％浓度的处理，喷肥量为对照施肥量的90％，其产量比对照略高，喷4％浓度的处理，喷肥量为对照的45％，其产量比对照略低，但均未达到10％的显著水平。     

春小麦微量营养元素叶面喷施的效应研究Ⅲ——对产量及经济性状的影响

选用微量、大量营养元素11个在春小麦抽穗后叶面喷施,研究其对经济性状和产量的影响.结果表明对穗长、小穗数、结实小穗数、不孕小穗数4个性状没有影响,对穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、容重4个性状有显著影响.Mg,Zn,B,Fe等8个处理穗粒数高于对照,但未达到显著水准;Zn,N等多数营养元素对穗粒增加有利,尤其Zn的效应和对照相比达到0.05显著水准;对千粒重的影响Se＞N＞P＞K＞Zn＞Mg＞Mn,而Se可显著增加粒重;对容重的影响处理间差异显著,Se,K处理与Cu,Fe处理效应差异达到0.05显著水准.对产量的影响多为正效应,N,K比对照增产达到0.1显著水准,P达到0.2显著水准,Mo,Se达到0.4显著水准,但均未达到0.05显著水准.     

叶面喷施锌、硼肥对晋荞麦（苦）5号产量和品质的影响

为探索提高荞麦产量和品质的施肥技术,运用三因素随机区组设计法,研究了现蕾期和盛花期喷施锌、硼微肥对荞麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明,单施锌、硼肥显著提高了荞麦籽粒蛋白质含量、千粒重及产量,显著降低了总黄酮含量,单施锌、硼肥的最高浓度为60和45mg/L,配施锌浓度为60mg/L、硼为30mg/L;适宜喷施时期为现蕾期;锌、硼肥配施对籽粒蛋白质和产量形成具有增效性,对籽粒总黄酮的形成具有拮抗性,有效减轻了总黄酮的降低程度。由此可知,适量的锌、硼微肥配施,可显著提高荞麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量。     

喷施硼肥对豇豆生长和产量的影响

采用4种不同浓度的硼肥处理方式,以豇豆为研究对象进行栽培试验,探讨不同浓度硼肥对豇豆荚长、种子量、千粒重、产量等影响。结果表明,0.125%和0.15%浓度的硼肥喷施对豇豆荚长、种子量、千粒重、产量的影响增加幅度较大,其中0.15%浓度处理的豇豆产量最高。     

喷施堆肥复合微生物菌剂条件下草坪植物萌发及生长特性

从生活垃圾堆肥中分离出枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌和酵母菌,配制成不同稀释倍数的复合微生物菌剂,采用叶面喷施的方式接种到草坪建植体系中,研究微生物菌荆存在条件下草坪植物的萌发及生长特性.结果表明,稀释200倍的复合菌剂显著促进了高羊茅种子的萌发、幼苗及根系生长,提高了叶绿素含量,萌发率、地上干重、地下干重、叶绿素含量分别高出对照21％、28.5％、16.8％和33.9％.而对于黑麦草,稀释100倍的复合菌剂对各指标的促进作用最大,与对照间存在显著差异;萌发率、地上干重、地下干重、叶绿素含量分别高出对照20％、27.6％、37.2％和27.7％.经叶面喷施适当浓度的复合堆肥微生物菌剂,能够显著促进草坪植物的萌发及生长.     

微量元素喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

通过对不同生育期小麦叶面喷施不同浓度微量元素,探究冬小麦对微量元素的吸收和利用.采用大田试验,设置1倍(B1)、50倍(B2)、100倍(B3)和500倍(B4)四个浓度处理(等量水为对照),喷施时期为苗期(A1)、苗期+拔节期(A2)、苗期+拔节期+扬花期(A3)、拔节期(A4)、拔节期+扬花期(A5)和扬花期(A6...     

陆地棉对叶面施硼的吸收和分配

 通过水培试验结合室内分析,研究陆地棉对叶面施硼的吸收和分配。结果表明：施硼显著提高植株体内的硼含量和硼吸收量;棉花各器官硼含量及硼吸收量顺序均为叶片>茎秆>根系;与根系营养吸硼处理相比,叶面施硼后棉花的根系含硼量显著降低,其中部分叶片施硼处理的棉花根系硼含量降低了41.9%,全株叶片施硼的根系硼含量降低11.2%;部分叶片施硼后棉花茎秆硼含量比根系营养吸硼处理降低了5.9%,叶片硼含量比根系营养吸硼处理增加149.1%,硼主要停留在施硼叶片中,被转移到不施硼叶片的硼含量只占5.2%,难以通过输导组织进入其他叶片;全株叶片施硼,进入茎秆的硼素比根系营养吸硼处理增加22.5%,但进入叶片的硼素较根系营养吸硼增加203.7%。     

喷施叶面肥对辣木品质的影响

笔者研究不同叶面肥及其浓度对辣木营养品质的影响,旨在为辣木的田间栽培管理提供科学依据。对辣木分别喷施0.5%、1%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%自制叶面肥以及等量清水作为对照,探讨叶面肥对辣木各营养指标的影响。结果表明,喷施叶面肥对辣木品质有显著影响,喷施磷酸二氢钾可以显著提高辣木营养品质,0.5%磷酸二氢钾肥效最佳,可溶性糖、维生素C、蛋白质和黄酮含量分别对比照增加14.06%、55.73%、9.54%和8.25%,0.5%自制叶面肥处理的辣木维生素C与对照相比增加50.38%,其余指标均显著低于0.5%磷酸二氢钾。喷施0.5%磷酸二氢钾对改善辣木品质效果最佳,可运用于辣木田间栽培管理。     

叶面喷施烯效唑和硼对塔额盆地甜菜产量和含糖率的影响

旨在为塔额盆地甜菜生产提质增效提供新途径。在塔额盆地滴灌施肥条件下,以甜菜‘Beta 468’为试验材料开展田间喷施试验,设置4个喷施处理(CK、Un、B、Un+B),喷施处理后测定甜菜生长情况、干物质积累、体内碳氮代谢酶活性及产量和含糖率。叶面喷施烯效唑、硼及烯效唑和复配与CK相比,根长分别增加了7.38%、14.76%和19.68%,总干物质积累增加了10.98%、13.32%和17.60%。块根硝酸还原酶活性提高了12.5%、37.64%和54.07%,蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性提高了37.73%、60.24%和69.31%,蔗糖合成酶活性提高了32.95%、45.43%和21.22%,转化酶活性提高了26.87%、35.79%和33.20%。产量较CK分别增加了10.77%、2.85%和9.97%,含糖率增加了0.47%、0.55%和0.79%,产糖量增加了13.93%、6.21%和15.31%。叶丛期喷施烯效唑和硼复配可促进植株生长、提高甜菜产量和含糖率。     

抗寒剂的叶喷施用方法及其对水稻秧苗抗寒性的影响

为了探明抗寒剂KHYE-1的叶喷施用方法及其对水稻秧苗抗寒性的影响。以早稻品种‘中嘉早17’为材料,用抗寒剂叶喷水稻秧苗并进行低温胁迫处理,用化学法、生化法测得生化数据。结果表明KHYE-1的最佳叶喷施用方法为叶喷浓度0.5%、叶喷次数为1次/天,连续3天、叶喷用量5.0 g/盒;在低温胁迫下,KHYE-1叶喷处理使秧苗N、P、K含量及叶绿素SPAD值维持较高水平,可溶性糖和脯氨酸分别比CK提高了147.4%和72.0%,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别比CK增加了80.2%、2.63%。其整体效果优于ABA。抗寒剂KHYE-1能有效增强秧苗抵抗低温胁迫的能力。     

Effects of Foliar Nitrogen Applications on the Absorption of Nitrate Nitrogen by Cotton Roots

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of foliar nitrogen application on nitrate nitrogen uptake and cotton growth. [Method] The experiment was carried out using the ¹⁵N isotopic tracer technique in a greenhouse hydroponic culture experiment. Four foliar treatments were applied; ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, amide nitrogen treatments (all with the same concentration of nitrogen applied), and a water control treatment. [Result] Compared to the water control treatment, the nitrogen contents of the cotton shoots and the whole plant were significantly higher in plants with foliar nitrogen treatments 6 d after application. The nitrogen accumulation in the shoots, roots, and total plants was higher with the ammonium nitrogen treatment, but there was no significant difference among treatments. The isotopic tracer results showed that ¹⁵N accumulation in the shoot and root was 0.794 mg·plant^－1 and 0.318 mg·plant^－1 with the ammonium nitrogen treatment, respectively. These values were higher than the ¹⁵N accumulation with the water control treatment and the amide nitrogen treatment and significantly higher than the nitrate treatment. After foliar application, the plant accumulation of nitrogen via root uptake was approximately 11.35 mg with the ammonium nitrogen treatment. Compared with the water control treatment, the nitrogen uptake efficiency increased by 28.0% with the ammonium nitrogen treatment and reduced by 9.5% and 20.5% with the amide nitrogentreatment and the nitrate treatment, respectively. The proportion of nitrogen from root uptake was about 7:3 between the shoots and the roots with each treatment, indicating that the form of foliar-applied nitrogen did not affect the distribution of nitrate nitrogen via root uptake. [Conclusion] Foliar application of ammonium nitrogen could, therefore, promote nitrate nitrogen uptake by cotton seedling roots.     

Effects of Nitrogen and Foliar Sulphur Interaction on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Barley

In this study, conducted from 1979 to 1986 in southern Spain, the objective was to analyze the effects of a possible interaction between soil-applied N and foliar S applied to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during tillering on grain yield and to identify the mechanism involved. From 1979 to 1982, we used rates of 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg a.i. N ha^?1, together with 12.5 or 25 kg foliar a.i. S ha^?1 during tillering. The results demonstrated that foliar S at both dosages acted as a partial (but not total) substitute for N, when the latter was applied at levels of 40 to 60 kg ha^?1. These effects of S did not appear to result only from a nutritive mechanism, but rather from a hormonal mechanism through the increase in ethylene biosynthesis. Therefore, during 1983 to 1986, we used 40, 60 and 80 kg a. i. N ha^?1, together with 12.5 a. i. S ha^?1 and 0.55 kg a.i. ethrel (2-chloroethyl-phosphonic acid) ha^?1. The results showed that the effects of S and ethrel on yield were practically the same. Assayed with 40 and 60 kg N ha^?1, S and ethrel acted as partial (but not total) substitutes for N, exceeding the yield of the control without S or ethrel, and equalling the yield obtained with 20 kg more of N ha^?1. The S or ethrel applied with 80 kg N ha^?1 presented an additive effect with the N. The increases in yield using S or ethrel were in all cases due to the increased final number of spikes m^?2, which was principally a consequence of the higher number of tillers formed but also a result of increased survival of tillers to form a viable spike. In addition, the positive effects of S on yield were greater the smaller the N dosage and the lower the annual yield. Finally, we present a possible mechanism of hormonal action, to explain how foliar S applied during tillering affects grain yield in barley.     

籽粒性状对油菜种子活力的影响

以甘蓝型常规油菜和杂交油菜,白菜型常规油菜共８个品种新种子的材料,研究籽粒性状对油菜种子活力的影响,结果表明：种子饱满完好率与发芽率,简化活力指数,低温试验发芽率,出苗率均存在显著正相关。本试验认为,生产上精选油菜种子,剔除瘦瘪粒,芽粒,破损粒及霉粒,是一项提高种子活力的翻来覆?