鸭源沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

沙门氏菌病是家禽的一种常见病与高发病,给家禽养殖业造成了较大的危害。沙门氏菌感染不仅引起家禽发病死亡造成严重的经济损失,且易污染家禽产品并作为沙门氏菌的携带者。目前,从家禽和禽产品中分离出沙门氏菌的报道明     

欧洲家禽沙门氏菌病的流行现状及其控制

1家禽沙门氏菌病及其分类家禽沙门氏菌病是指由沙门氏菌属细菌感染家禽引起的急性或慢性疾病。可分为两大类:一类为不运动的沙门氏菌——鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌感染,分别被称为鸡白痢和禽伤寒。鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染主要引起雏鸡和雏火鸡的急性、全身性疾     

家禽沙门氏菌病的控制

家禽沙门氏菌病是指由沙门氏菌属细菌感染家禽引起的急性或慢性疾病.     

降低家禽养殖业沙门氏菌感染的研究进展

沙门氏菌是一种人畜共患病原体,食用生的或未煮熟的受污染家禽产品可导致人类急性胃肠炎。本综述总结了目前关于降低家禽养殖业沙门氏菌感染的研究,并对未来在家禽沙门氏菌控制领域的发展提出建议,包括常规的预防卫生措施,以及饲料和饮用水有机酸酸化等其它策略和基于被动免疫和主动免疫的免疫策略。另外,通过改变饲料原料成分和营养也可降低家禽对沙门氏菌感染的易感性。     

如何降低家禽沙门氏菌感染的风险

沙门氏菌是一种革兰氏阴性菌,隶属肠道细菌,可以感染世界各国的哺乳动物和家禽.在家禽中,仅发现两种血清型可以引起临床沙门氏菌病:禽伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌(所引发的疾病分别命名为禽伤寒和鸡白痢).其它许多血清型,像副伤寒沙门氏菌(已发现超过2 500种),可以感染鸡群但不表现出临床症状;然而,被这些沙门氏菌污染的家禽产品能引起人的食物中毒. 因此,这两类沙门氏菌都会造成养禽业的巨大经济损失:禽伤寒和鸡白痢会导致家禽的死亡,引起生产性能下降;而禽副伤寒会破坏供人消费的家禽产品的安全.     

控制害虫是减少食品生产链中沙门氏菌感染的关键

肠炎沙门氏菌是食品生产链中最常见的沙门氏菌菌株,也是肠炎沙门氏菌中与家禽相关性最大的一种血清型。家禽产品中肠炎沙门氏菌感染的增加使其自20世纪70年代起成为一个食品安全问题。     

家禽沙门氏菌病的流行现状及防控方法

家禽沙门氏菌病，是指由沙门氏菌属的细菌感染家禽所引起的一系列急性或慢性的疾病。它是“人畜共患病”，是世界范围内报道最频繁的食源性疾病之一，不仅能引起家禽发病死亡造成严重的经济损失,而且感染家禽的产品严重危害人类健康。因此对家禽沙门氏菌病的研究具有重要的公共卫生学意义。本文将从该病的流行现状及其防控方法作一综述。     

家禽沙门氏菌的特点与防制技术

沙门氏菌种类繁多,目前已发现2000多个血清型,且不断有新的血清型发现。有的沙门氏菌专对动物致病,有些专对人致病,还有些对人和动物都能致病“。。沙门氏菌感染已引起养鸡行业的广泛关注,家禽沙门氏菌感染可以分为两种类型：一种是直接危害家禽健康的沙门氏菌感染（雏鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌）,另一种是危害人类健康的沙门氏菌感染,即副伤寒沙门氏菌,如：肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。     

蛋鸡预防感染沙门氏菌的重要性

沙门氏菌是一种重要的食源性致病菌,其已经成为世界各国公共卫生部门关注的重点之一,也是家禽生产链中必须预防的病原体之一。本文详细介绍了沙门氏菌与家禽之间的关系以及蛋鸡场如何预防控制沙门氏菌的感染。     

如何做好家禽沙门氏菌的控制

人们可以在禽肉和鸡蛋中发现沙门氏菌,甚至连普通的消费者都熟知这个事实。由于考虑到公共卫生问题,全球已开始实施控制家禽沙门氏菌感染的计划。欧洲在这方面取得了优异的成绩,而我们能从中学到什么呢?欧盟(EU)在积极控制家禽沙门氏菌方面起着模范作用,而且在欧盟的所有成员国中设定了相应的目标和法规。该控制措施已使得欧盟区内家禽沙门氏菌的发病率有明显下降,人沙门氏菌的感染病例也有所降低。沙门氏菌发病病例的减少,主要是归     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.