Inter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant crop of sugarcane

Seventeen diverse clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (7 early, 6 mid season and 4 late) were planted in October 1991 and 1992 in flooded (FE) and non flooded (NFE) environments for evaluation of cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS), internode length, internode number, stalk length, stalk thickness (circumference), stalk number, sugar recovery, and stalk weight. Cane yield showed significant positive phenotypic correlation coefficient (PCC) with stalk number in FE (P ≤ 0.05) and NFE (P ≤ 0.01). Stalk length had a significant positive PCC with stalk weight in both environments, and with internode length in FE (P ≤ 0.05). Commercial cane sugar also expressed significant positive PCC with cane yield in both environments (P ≤ 0.01), but with stalk number only in NFE (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally in the same direction as PCC but higher in magnitude. In both environments, stalk number and stalk weight had relatively high positive direct effects on cane yield. However, flooding tended to enhance the direct effect of stalk weight and diminish the direct effect of stalk number on cane yield. Only cane yield and sugar recovery had high direct effects on CCS. Selection for improvement of cane yield can be based on stalk number and stalk weight in both environments. High yielding clones can be further screened for more sugar recovery to improve CCS. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

16个糖能兼用甘蔗品种（系）种性比较

为了解不同糖能兼用甘蔗品种（系）的种性和生产性表现,为今后进行能源甘蔗品种选育和推广提供参考,以广西主栽甘蔗品种ROC22、ROC16作对照,对来自国内外的16个品种（系）在2种不同类型土壤蔗区进行2年新植1年宿根种性比较试验。结果表明 B1、B8、GT26、GT02/833、B9、B28、GT02/48、GT97/69、GT02/208等品种（系）在生物产量、蔗茎产量、蔗糖产量和总可发酵糖产量等方面明显超过对照种ROC22、ROC16,具有丰产性好、抗逆性强、适应性广的优良种性,可在广西的旱地和水田蔗区既可作糖料蔗,也可做能源蔗种植利用。YT96/86、GT99/156和FN94/0403综合表现一般,可在桂南的水田蔗区因地制宜种植。其余品种（系）表现较差,不宜在广西扩大种植和推广。     

Effect of density between intercropped sorghum and stylosanthes on biomass production and quality under varying NPK fertilizer application rates

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - This field study was conducted to investigate the effect of spaced-row pattern and NPK fertilizer rates on productivity and quality of intercropped...     

基于TD-SCDMA的农产品安全生产管理与质量追溯系统

针对已有的农产品质量安全生产管理与追溯系统多数基于PC,操作不方便,并且只采集文本信息,而不能传输多媒体信息,随着第三代通信技术的发展使多媒体的实时传输成为可能。本文提出了一种基于TD-SCDMA网络的农产品安全生产管理和质量追溯系统平台,系统综合采用3G、数据库技术、产品编码技术,以.NET为平台,实现了管理员基于PC端的中心管理、生产企业端的基于PC端的生产管理、基于TD-SCDMA的实时信息采集、传输、统计分析、条码生成并打印以及消费者质量追溯功能。该系统主要的生产操作管理和消费者追溯等均基于TD-SCDMA的手机,方便快捷。     

Simulation on human-machine cooperation strategy in production cells

To adapt to the rapid changes of manufacturing environment,production cell needs to focus on high qualified staff and flexible human-machine cooperation method at the same time,when advanced manufacturing technology(AMT) is emphasized on. In order to study human-machine cooperation strategy dynamically and quantitatively in production cells,a simulation study which combined computer simulation with agent modeling technology is carried out. Firstly,a human-computer cooperation simulation model is established,and its realization method is presented. Secondly,specific cooperation mechanisms of designated production cell cooperation,partly independent cooperation and completely independent cooperation are studied respectively. Finally,an engine production cell is taken as an example,a series of simulation experiments are designed,and four performance indicators of the task waiting time,order on time percentage,waiting rate of machine and operator utilization are established to analyze and evaluate all kinds of man-machine division modes of the production cell to find a more reasonable mode.     

Selection of four hoisting points for large span steel trusses based on strain energy method

The strain energy method is applied to hoisting point selection in structural hoisting, and the feasibility of this method is investigated. Based on the number of hoisting points, a structural analysis is carried out for each possible combination of hoisting points in the whole variable space of nodes. The strain energy corresponding to the each combination is obtained based on the member forces from the structural analysis. The combinations are sorted based on their magnitudes of strain energy, and the combination with the smallest strain energy is picked out. The structure needed to be hoisted is in a rational state when it has low strain energy. The combination with the smallest strain energy is treated as the best selection of hoisting points. Hoisting construction of a workshop in Chongqing was taken as an example and three construction conditions were considered. The commercial package ANSYS was used to conduct the structural analysis and obtain the strain energy. The best selections were verified by another software MADIS.     

Using data on biomass and fishing mortality in stock production modelling of flatfish

Stock production modelling was used to estimate population parameters such as the carrying capacity (B_∞), as well as management parameters such as maximum sustainable yield (MSY), the instantaneous rate of fishing mortality at MSY (F_MSY) and the sustainable biomass at MSY (B_MSY). The input data were not catch and effort data, which usually require adjustments for changes in catchability, but biomass and catch (or fishing mortality), which are frequently available from cohort analysis or direct surveys. The model does not require the assumption of stock equilibrium for estimating parameters.The model was applied to data from the Alaska plaice, Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus, and yellowfin sole, Limanda aspera stocks in the eastern Bering Sea, and the Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, stock in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. All three stocks are characterized by separation of nursery area and exploitable population. There are at least five age groups present in nursery areas and ten or more in the exploitable stock so that recruitment levels and exploitable stock sizes are well-buffered.Predictions from the surplus production model provided reasonable fits to the biomass time series for all three stocks examined, given the sources of uncertainty in the biomass estimates available. It appears that the stock dynamics for the three species can be described by a relatively simple density-dependent model assuming instantaneous responses in stock biomass via recruitment and growth.     

Combustion quality of biomass: practical relevance and experiments to modify the biomass quality of Miscanthus x giganteus

A catalogue is set up describing the quality characteristics relevant for the combustion of biomass to be used as solid fuel. The practical relevance of these characteristics is discussed. The main characteristics are water concentration, the concentration of chloride and ash, the heating value and the concentration of volatiles and remaining coke. Further quality criteria are the concentrations of nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and calcium.

In multifactorial field trials at three locations, the influence of location, fertilizer application and harvest date on the quality of Miscanthus biomass from 3- and 4-year-old plantations was tested. The concentrations of water, minerals and ash, all three of which should be as low as possible, were higher in biomass from the cool and humid than in biomass from the warm location. The application of potassium fertilizer led to increases in the ash and potassium concentrations. Harvesting Miscanthus in February instead of December led to an improved biomass quality because the concentrations of ash, minerals and especially of water had declined.

Compared to other lignocellulose plants Miscanthus biomass has a very good combustion quality. In February the stems of Miscanthus had a water concentration of only 16–33%. The mineral concentrations were also low, with 0.3–2.1 g kg⁻¹ for chloride, 0.9–3.4 g kg⁻¹ for nitrogen and 3.7–11.2 g kg⁻¹ for potassium. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.     

Wheat quality traits and quality parameters of cooked dry white Chinese noodles

Dry white Chinese noodle (DWCN) is widely consumed in China, and genetic improvement of DWCN quality has become a major objective for Chinese wheat breeding programs. One hundred and four bread wheat cultivars and advanced lines, including 88from major Chinese wheat-producing areas, were sown in two locations for two years. Their DWCN quality, as evaluated by trained panelists, was studied to determine the relationship between wheat quality parameters and DWCN quality attributes. In general, the cultivars and advanced lines used in this study are characterized with acceptable protein content, but accompanied with weak-medium gluten strength and poor extensibility, and substantial variation is observed for all grain and DWCN quality characters. On average, Australia and USA wheat performed better DWCN quality than Chinese wheats. Simple correlation analysis indicated that both grain hardness and Farinograph water absorption were negatively associated with cooked DWCN color, appearance, smoothness, and taste. Flour whiteness and RVA peak viscosity was positively associated with all DWCN parameters, and their correlation coefficients (r) with DWCN score are 0.34 and 0.41, respectively. Their positive contributions to DWCN quality were mostly through improved color, appearance, smoothness, and taste. Farinograph mixing tolerance index (MTI) and softening were negatively associated with all DWCN quality parameters, and their correlation coefficients with DWCN score are –0.50 and–0.54, respectively. Further analysis indicated that association between protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph extensibility, and DWCN score fit quadratic regression model significantly, with R² 0.12, 0.32, 0.22, and 0.20, respectively. The associations between Zeleny sedimentation value and DWCN's appearance and taste also fit quadratic regression model significantly. This suggests that to certain extent, increased protein content and gluten quality contribute positively to DWCN quality, mostly by improving palatability, elasticity, and stickiness. High flour whiteness, medium protein content, medium to strong gluten strength and good extensibility, and high starch peak viscosity are desirable for DWCN quality. Genetic improvement for flour whiteness, protein quality and starch paste viscosity would increase the DWCN quality of Chinese bread wheat cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

岩白菜的生物量和有效成分与农艺性状间的相关性分析

摘要：本文首次探讨了不同岩白菜种源的生物量和有效成份与主要农艺性状间的相关性,结果表明：株根状茎干重和株干重与株高、根状茎直径间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);株叶片干重与株高呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与根状茎直径极显著正相关(P<0.01)。岩白菜素株产与根状茎直径间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与其他农艺性状间相关性不显著;根状茎中岩白菜素的含量和熊果苷的株产与7个农艺性状间相关性均不显著;叶片中熊果苷的含量与株高呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与其他农艺性状间相关性均不显著。株高和根状茎直径是岩白菜选育种时需重点关注的两个农艺性状。     

Heritability of quantitative traits in segregating common bean families using a Bayesian approach

Genetic parameters for six quantitative traits in the early generation of segregating populations of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated. A Bayesian approach was used for estimating the variance components, breeding values and broad sense heritability of the quantitative traits under analysis. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was utilized to analyze the contribution of genes affecting complex traits. Twenty-four F₃ families were evaluated in the field during 2005 in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. With regard to the grain yield and yield components, the additive variances were relatively similar to the dominance variances. This result is confirmed by the 95% credible set from the posterior distribution. The mean estimates of broad-sense heritability (H²) varied from 11.5% to 64.2%. The heritability estimates of yield and yield components were higher than the estimates for the number of days until flowering and reproductive period. However, for grain yield, the 95% heritability credible set included the heritability estimates from point of crop duration. The predicted genetic gain reached the highest value for the number of pods per plant (10.95%). Days to flowering and reproductive period had the lowest values of genetic advance. One hundred seed-weight, grain yield and seeds per pod exhibited a similar predictable level of genetic gain: GA = 5.73%, 5.81% and 4.77%, respectively. The Bayesian framework provided information that is useful for a breeding program, since it contributes to the understanding of how quantitative traits are genetically controlled.     

江苏省优质软麦品种品质特性与饼干加工品质的关系

明确软麦品种在大田生产中的品质表现和品质育种筛选指标,对于优质生产及提高育种效率具有重要意义。选用江苏淮南麦区15份优质软麦品种(系),鉴定其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成,开展3个试验点次的大田种植,分析了小麦样本的籽粒硬度、灰分含量、蛋白质含量和质量参数、粉质仪参数、揉面仪参数、溶剂保持力、贮藏蛋白组分含量参数、黏度仪参数等品质性状和饼干加工品质。结果表明,不同类型的品质参数受基因型和环境的影响不同。所有样本的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间均不达国标(GB/T 17320-2013、GB/T 17893-1999),部分品种(系)的沉淀值达标,所有样本的籽粒硬度和吸水率全部达标。相关性分析表明,籽粒硬度、灰分含量和黏度仪参数与饼干加工品质无显著相关性。沉淀值、粉质仪吸水率、粉质仪稳定时间、揉面仪峰值时间、揉面仪衰落角、水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比、不溶性谷蛋白含量和不溶性谷蛋白百分含量与饼干直径呈显著(r≤–0.520)或极显著(r≤–0.652)负相关,相关系数分别为–0.657、–0.601、–0.617、–0.659、–0.6...     

新引进澳大利亚小麦品种农艺和品质性状的分析

通过对澳大利亚引进的小麦品种的试验和分析，结果表明这批新引进的澳大利亚小麦材料总体上表现矮秆、蛋白值含量和沉淀值高 ，粉质特性较好且材料间呈现较大的变异。Barunga,Frame,Silverstar三个材料的蛋白质含量、沉淀值和稳定时间等方面均达到了国家标准规定的优质麦的指标。4个农艺性状除株高与千粒重有显著的负相关外，其它均未达到显著水平；8个品质性状间的相关分析除吸水率相关均不显著外，其它几个性状间有一个或几个达到显著或极显著水平。     

From sugar industry to cane industry: investigations on multivariate data analysis techniques in the identification of different high biomass sugarcane varieties

Apart from sugar production, the sugarcane plant is now viewed as a high value lowcost feedstock for renewable energy. However, in depth studies on the biomass potential of the crop are relatively new and current varieties have not been optimised to achieve the required high biomass yield for different end-uses. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using multivariate data analysis (MVDA) techniques in the selection of different types of high biomass canes. Sixty genotypes of different generations of crosses were evaluated for 18 inter-related traits. Principal component analysis compressed the different characters into five major principal components (PCs). The first two explained 77 % of total variation. PC1 emphasised on the cane quality traits while PC2 stressed on biomass characteristics. The biplot with the two PCs was very helpful in visualising the existing variations in the population. Cluster analysis defined six major groups in the population. Candidates from three of them were found suitable for commercial exploitation, for either sugar, fibre, or both as the main end-products. The MVDA techniques were thus found to be very effective in assessing the extent of genetic divergence between genotypes in the population and in the selection of different types of high biomass canes for multipurpose use. It was also clear that sucrose content was positively associated with cane diameter while high fibre varieties tended to be thinner and taller than the traditional commercial varieties.     

Molecular mapping and characterization of traits controlling fiber quality in cotton

Cotton (Gossypium spp) is the world's leading natural fiber crop. Genetic manipulation continues to play a key role in the improvement of fiber quality properties. By use of DNA-based molecular markers and a polymorphic mapping population derived from an inter specific cross between TM-1 (G. hirsutum) and 3-79 (G. barbadense), thirteen quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling fiber quality properties were identified in 3-79, an extra long staple (ELS) cotton. Four QTLs influenced bundle fiber strength, three influenced fiber length, and six influenced fiber fineness. These QTLs were located on different chromosomes or linkage groups and collectively explained 30% to 60%of the total phenotypic variance for each fiber quality property in the F₂ population. The effects and modes of action for the individual QTLs were characterized with 3-79 alleles in TM-1 genetic background. The results indicated more recessive than dominant, with much less additive effect in the gene mode. Transgressive segregation was observed for fiber fineness that could be beneficial to improvement of this trait. Molecular markers linked to fiber quality QTLs would be most effective in marker-assisted selection (MAS) of these recessive alleles in cotton breeding programs. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Selection of new sweet potato genotypes based on production parameters,physical root characteristics and resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a root that allows healthy eating and combats malnutrition. There is a need for more productive sweet potato...     

The effect of autopolyploidy on biomass production in homozygous lines of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea

In Brassica species contradictory results on the effect of polyploidization on vegetative biomass production have been reported. This might result from the fact that the level of heterozygosity in diploid and tetraploid lines as a major factor of plant performance in Brassicas is often disregarded. Therefore in this study autotetraploid lines were developed from seven completely homozygous lines of B. rapa and B. oleracea in order to analyse the unconfounded effect of polyploidy on vegetative biomass production of young plants. The tetraploid lines yielded 2–64% less than the corresponding diploid lines and there was no significant effect of the ploidy level on the dry matter content. These results indicate that the direct effect of polyploidization in B. rapa and B. oleracea is negative while in some other studies this negative effect could be compensated by a higher level of heterosis in tetraploid populations compared to their diploid reference populations.     

Comparison of stability statistics for yield and quality traits in bread wheat

The stability and genotypic mean of four traits, grain yield, grain protein content, alveograph W and bread volume, were evaluated in three multi-location trials, each covering two years. The stability of each genotype was evaluated by environmental variance (s² _E), interaction variance (s² _W) and variance of the ranks of the phenotypic values corrected for the genotypic effect (s² _R). The bootstrap method was used to study correlations between the genotypic mean and the three stability statistics and to calculate their accuracy. The repeatability of the stability statistics was measured by correlations between the values obtained in each of the two years. In addition, theoretical smaller trials were generated by random sampling and the stability values calculated were correlated with those of the original trial. Environmental variance appears to be usable both for yield and for quality traits, but there is a risk of counter-selecting a high genotypic mean of W. Whatever the trait and statistic envisaged, stability is poorly repeatable and its evaluation requires several years and a large number of locations per year to minimise sampling and environmental effects. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.