Sanctum, Carving and History

This text describes the sanctums in Eling park and Panxi park in Chongqing,whose latter-day stone sculpture is full of mystery.Further more,through the analysis and comparison of their times features and artistic styles,it has shown the special charm in these two carvings as cultural heritage and artistic curiosity.     

Dry matter,nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation,partitioning and remobilization as affected by N and P fertilization and source–sink relations

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum L.) is being increasingly grown in many areas of the world, but there is a lack of information about the physiological processes limiting grain yield. In this study, different rates of N and P fertilization were applied and the source:sink ratio was manipulated to examine the factor(s) limiting grain filling under rainfed conditions. Plants exposed to four fertilization treatments (control, 80 kg N ha^?1 (N), 50 kg P ha^?1 (P) and 80 kg N ha^?1 and 50 kg P ha^?1 (N–P)) and were artificially modified to obtain a range of different source:sink ratios. The treatments were (I) control; (II) half of the spike was removed; (III) all the spike was removed. The cultivar Cosmodur was used, which is widely grown in Greece and other Mediterranean countries and is quite productive especially under rainfed conditions. The distribution of dry matter, N and P among grains, stems and leaves was analyzed at anthesis and harvesting. Dry matter accumulation and partitioning into different plant parts was different between the fertilization treatments and the control. At anthesis, leaf + culm dry matter was higher than the chaff dry matter. Total aboveground biomass increased after anthesis in both years and at all fertilization treatments. N fertilization affected N concentration at the whole plant level at anthesis and at maturity. There was an average increase of 20% in N concentration with N application at anthesis in both years relative to the control. N content was affected by the fertilization treatments and it was increased by 33% over the 2 years of the study compared with the control. In addition, P fertilization affected P concentration both at anthesis and maturity in every plant organ, and there was also a significant effect of the change of P concentration at the two different growth stages. P accumulation was also affected by the fertilization regime and by the spike halving treatment. Dry matter translocation was an average of 22% higher at the fertilized treatments compared with the control, which indicates that fertilization led plants to translocate higher amount of dry matter. N and P translocation were affected by the fertilization treatment and in some treatments by the sink reduction. The spike reduction treatment increased the pre-anthesis contribution to seed indicating that the N and P remobilization from vegetative tissues were very important for grain development. The present study indicates that N and P fertilization and sink size can affect dry matter, N, and P accumulation, partitioning, and retranslocation of durum wheat which can affect seed yield.     

Managerial Ownership, Investment and Corporate Value

Based on the data of the 319 listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange over the 1998-2003 period,the paper examines the relation among managerial ownership,investment and corporate value,focusing on the endogeneity of managerial ownership.OLS regression results show that the endogeneity of managerial ownershi Pmay affect the results.With the measurement of ROA corporate value,corporate value affects managerial ownership,but not vice versa.But with the measurement of Tobin's Q corporate value,investment affects corporate value,which in turn,affects managerial ownership.     

Production of Transgenic Plants： More, Better, and Faster

Over the last two decades, transgenic plants have moved from being solely laboratory vehicles for basic research work to providing new varieties grown on large areas throughout the world. A number of plant     

Synthesis and Characterization of 1, 3, 4 - Oxadiazolines Derivatives

1,3,4-oxadiazolines are found to possess significant biological activities such as antibacterial,antifungal effects.According to these,we designed and synthesized some new 1,3,4-oxadiazoline derivatives.First,Ethyl 4-methylbenzoate was prepared by reaction of 4-methyl benzoic acid with anhydrous ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.This propound reacted with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of anhydrous ethanol as solvent to give 4-methylhydrazin(1).In the presence of anhydrous ethanol,(1) reacted with aromatic aldehydes to produce corresponding hydrazones(2a~2j).Then 2a~2j cyclodehydrated with acetic anhydride to afford the title compounds(3a~3j).The mild reactions and good yields are the merits of this method.The title structures of 3a~3j were confirmed by elementary analyses,IR,~(1)H NMR,and MS spectroscopy.     

Memory,Site,City. Rethinking about the City and Architecture in the Perspective of Psychology and Sociology

Each city includes memory elements. As a precious resource, the city memory exists, changes and continues in reality through visual material objects and cultural sub-consciousness. It is the basic context clue for urban people to apperceive, to experience themselves and their existent environment with the lapse and change of time. Beginning with the concept of memory, this article analyzed the relationship of time, space, human being and environment. It tried to use interdisciplinary research methods and rethink about the essence of city and architecture in the perspective of psychology and sociology, so as to explore the dee Pissues of ideology and value conception in urban design and urban conservation of history and culture.     

Microstructures, Reaction Kinetics and Properties of Reaction Between Magnesium and Silica Glass

In earlier calculation models,the stiffness centers in frame-shear wall structures have been located by the structural torsion stiffness.However,the results are illogical owing to the difference between the distortion character and the shears distribute mechanism of the frames and shear walls.In this paper,a new formula for calculating story stiffness is introduced,which can consider the stiffness of the frames and shear walls at the same time.The structural stiffness centers,the torsion eccentric distances and torsion effect are calculated,and the stiffness of elements is considered also.It is shown that the concept of the presented stiffness model is clear and the results are reasonable,which can be used to calculate the appreciative torsion effect.     

ICGI: Past, Present and Future Direction

Cotton is viewed as the most important cash cropin the world,and sustains the agriculturaleconomies of many nations by providing asustainable fiber product for the textilindustries.Unfortunately,many challenges face cottonproduction at present and in the future.     

A new inequality? Privatisation,urban bias,migration and medical tourism

Access to health care in developing countries, the main destinations of medical tourists, is notoriously uneven, and often becoming more so. Medical tourism, urban bias and privatisation have combined to exacerbate this trend. This is exemplified in both Thailand and India, where regional areas have been disadvantaged by the migration of health-care workers to hospitals focusing on medical tourism, neo-liberal national financial provision for medical tourism (and related tourism campaigns) and evidence of trickle-down gains is lacking. Medical tourism challenges rather than complements local health care providers, distorts national health care systems, and raises critical national economic, ethical and social questions.     

Comparison and analysis of main effects,epistatic effects,and QTL × environment interactions of QTLs for agronomic traits using DH and RILs populations in rice

Two genetic linkage maps based on doubled haploid (DH) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) populations, derived from the same indica-japonica cross ‘Samgang × Nagdong’, were constructed to analyze the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agronomic traits in rice. The segregations of agronomic traits in RILs population showed larger variations than those in DH population. A total of 10 and 12 QTLs were identified on six chromosomes using DH population and seven chromosomes using RILs population, respectively. Three stable QTLs including pl9.1, ph1.1, and gwp11.1 were detected through different years. The percentages of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 8 to 18% in the DH population and 9 to 33% in the RILs population. Twenty-three epistatic QTLs were identified in the DH population, while 21 epistatic QTLs were detected in the RILs population. Epistatic interactions played an important role in controlling the agronomic traits genetically. Four significant main-effect QTLs were involved in the digenic interactions. Significant interactions between QTLs and environments (QE) were identified in two populations. The QTLs affecting grain weight per panicle (GWP) were more sensitive to the environmental changes. The comparison and QTLs analysis between two populations across different years should help rice breeders to comprehend the genetic mechanisms of quantitative traits and improve breeding programs in marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

Methods,Principles and Problems of CGE Model''s Solving

Computable general equilibrium (CGE)model's solving is important for its reseachers . Though there are many softwares to solve the CGE model, it is very important for its reseachers to understand CGE model's solving principle. The paper introduces the methods,principles and problems of CGE model's solving.The software -MATLAB is used to solve CGE Model, and reseach the existing problem of CGE model's solving.     

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Genes Differentially Expressed between Pima and Upland Cotton Fibers

The demand for high strength fiber in rawcotton has increased because of the widespreaduse of high speed spinning technology in theyarn and textile industry.Improvement ofcotton fiber quality through conventional     

The Extraction,Isolation and the Composition of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma Apparatus and Poria Cocos

This paper reports that the crude polysaccharides were extracted with hot water and precipitated with alcohol from the fruitbody of mushroom Ganoderma apparatus and Poria cocos. The free proteins were removed from crude polysaccharides by sevag method, and then the polysaccharides were isolated and purified by Sephadex G-15 gel column chromatography. Each three pure polysaccharides (Ga-1,Ga-2,Ga-3 and Pc-1,Pc-2,Pc-3) were obtained by precipitating with different concentration alcohol. By using the method of TLC, we proved that three fractions of Ganoderma apparatus polysaccharides are composed of glucose (Glu), arabinose (Ara), mannose (Man), fructose(Fru),et al. and the three fractions of Poria cocos polysaccharides are composed of glucose (Glu), mannose (Man) and ribose (Rib),et al.     

Experimental Study on Analgesia and Hemostasis of Paris polyphylla,Scutellaria baicalensis and Their Compatibility

[Objectives]The analgesic and hemostatic effects of Paris polyphylla,Scutellaria baicalensis,and their compatibility were studied.[Methods](i)In the experiment on the writhing of mice induced by acetic acid,60 Kunming SPF mice were randomly selected,and were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the male-to-female ratio of 1∶1,including blank control group,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,and three P.polyphylla and S.baicalensis compatibility groups(with the ratio of 1∶2,1∶1 and 1∶2).There were 10 mice in each group.In the experimental groups,the mice were given 1 g/mL Chinese medicine extract according to a dose of 20 mL/kg.In the control group,the mice were given 0.9%normal saline in equal volumes.Gavage was performed one time every 24 h and lasted for 14 d.1 h after the gavage on the 14th day,they were given 0.5%glacial acetic acid solution via intraperitoneal injection.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,60 Kunming SPF mice were selected,and the ratio of male to female,grouping,administration and gavage were the same as those of the glacial acetic acid-induced writhing experiment.Gavage was lasted for 14 d.1 h after the gavage on the 14th day,the mice were placed on a hot plate apparatus at(55±0.5)℃,and the time of licking hindfoot was measured.(iii)The hemostatic effect was explored through three experimental methods of tail hemostasis,femoral artery hemostasis and liver hemostasis.60 Kunming SPF mice were taken in each of the three experiments,and the male-female ratio and grouping were the same as above.The powder was covered on the surface of the wound sites,and the bleeding was observed.The hemostatic time was recorded,and the hemostatic time was recorded as 3 min if it exceeded 3 min.[Results](i)In the acetic acid-induced writhing experiment,compared with the blank control group,the pain of mice in the experimental groups was inhibited.Among them,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,compatibility 1∶2 group,compatibility 1∶1 group,and compatibility 2∶1 group had significant effects(P<0.05),and the inhibition rate of writhing was 20.43%,28.32%,52.30%,32.79%,and 39.02%,respectively.The analgesic effect of the compatibility 1∶2 group was the most obvious.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,compared with the blank control group,the experimental groups had analgesic effect.Among them,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,compatibility 1∶2 group,compatibility 1∶1 group,and compatibility 2∶1 group had significant effects(P<0.05),and the increase rate of pain threshold was 29.17%,47.83%,61.54%,and 50.61%,and 53.83%,respectively.The analgesic effect of the compatibility 2∶1 group was the most significant.(iii)In the hemostatic experiment,there was a significant difference in hemostatic time between the compatibility 1∶2 group and the blank control group,P.polyphylla group,and S.baicalensis group(P<0.05).The hemostatic effect of the compatibility 1∶2 group was the best.[Conclusions]P.polyphylla,S.baicalensis,and its compatibility had good analgesic and hemostatic effects,and the best compatibility ratio was 1∶2.     

Management Philosophy of Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism and Their Application in the Modern Management

In this paper, the management philosophy of 'governance without unwanted action' of Taoism, 'to keep balance in each aspect' of Confucianism and 'governance with laws' of legalism are firstly discussed in detail. Then, the connotations of management philosophy and management and the relationship between them are discussed. The model of the modern cubic management is briefly introduced. Finally, the application and practice of the management philosophy of Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism in the establishment of the modern management model are studied and it is suggested that the idea of variation is necessary in the application of the management philosophy of Taoism, Confucianism and Legalism.