Ethics. Protecting communities in biomedical research

Although for the last 50 years, ethicists dealing with human experimentation have focused primarily on the need to protect individual research subjects and vulnerable groups, biomedical research, especially in genetics, now requires the establishment of standards for the protection of communities. We have developed such a strategy, based on five steps. (i) Identification of community characteristics relevant to the biomedical research setting, (ii) delineation of a typology of different types of communities using these characteristics, (iii) determination of the range of possible community protections, (iv) creation of connections between particular protections and one or more community characteristics necessary for its implementation, and (v) synthesis of community characteristics and possible protections to define protections appropriate for each type of community. Depending on the particular community, consent and consultation, consultation alone, or no added protections may be required for research.     

枸杞基因组DNA提取方法比较

以拘杞叶片为材料,分别采用优化后CTAB法、KI法、尿素法、高盐低pH法以及SDS法提取拘杞基因组DNA,分别进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计以及PCR扩增进行检测.研究结果表明,5种方法均能从枸杞叶片中提取到基因组DNA,但不同方法在提取时间和提取得到的基因组DNA的纯度和浓度上存在明显的差异.优化后CTAB法提取...     

地下商业空间导识系统设计的无障碍识别性研究

地下商业空间是城市地下空间利用的重要形式之一,导识系统在地下商业空间中有重要的作用。我国的商业导识系统尚处于起步发展阶段。笔者利用＂认知地图＂的概念将地下商业空间的环境意象归纳为节点、通道、区域3个元素,分析说明了地下商业空间的导识系统要依靠于这3个元素的合理运用组合。总结出合理的地下商业空间无障碍导识系统可满足人的生理和心理需求,它包括空间意象要素、出入口、光环境等,这些组成部分的共同作用可塑造出可识别性强、方位感好、心理环境愉悦的地下商业空间环境。