Martian surface paleotemperatures from thermochronology of meteorites

The temporal evolution of past martian surface temperatures is poorly known. We used thermochronology and published noble gas and petrographic data to constrain the temperature histories of the nakhlites and martian meteorite ALH84001. We found that the nakhlites have not been heated to more than 350 degrees C since they formed. Our calculations also suggest that for most of the past 4 billion years, ambient near-surface temperatures on Mars are unlikely to have been much higher than the present cold (<0 degrees C) state.     

Martian surface materials: effect of particle size on spectral behavior

The presence of abundant limonite on Mars has long been the subject of controversy. Some advocates of abundant limonite also suggest that the albedo differences between Martian light and dark areas are caused by different sizes of particles in those areas. We show that the relative albedo is reversed from the blue to the red for samples of limonite with particles of different sizes. Observations of Mars reveal no blue-red albedo reversal between the light and dark areas. Consequently, the hypothesis of particle size control of albedo is incompatible with the presence of abundant limonite on Mars.     

Martian relief and the coming opposition

In the report "Martian relief and the coming opposition" (3 Mar., p. 1100), D. H. Harris stated that, "... the reduced contrast with decreasing (terminator distance) just balances the increase in visibility due to shadow length." This is obviously erroneous. A more careful examination of the problem shows that for favorable values of the Aerocentric EarthSun Sun angle, visibility of relief increases toward the terminator, clouds not withstanding.     

Martian relief and the coming opposition

Ground-based observations of Martian relief may be possible when the Earth-Mars geometry is optimum and the observing conditions are near perfect. There is some evidence that detectable relief is present. Groundbased observations of Martian relief during the coming opposition will be optimum between 1 February and 1 March and between 1 June and 15 August 1967.     

Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes

Water probably flowed across ancient Mars, but whether it ever exists as a liquid on the surface today remains debatable. Recurring slope lineae (RSL) are narrow (0.5 to 5 meters), relatively dark markings on steep (25° to 40°) slopes; repeat images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment show them to appear and incrementally grow during warm seasons and fade in cold seasons. They extend downslope from bedrock outcrops, often associated with small channels, and hundreds of them form in some rare locations. RSL appear and lengthen in the late southern spring and summer from 48°S to 32°S latitudes favoring equator-facing slopes, which are times and places with peak surface temperatures from ~250 to 300 kelvin. Liquid brines near the surface might explain this activity, but the exact mechanism and source of water are not understood.     

响应曲面法优化铁盐除磷工艺

以响应曲面法研究铁盐除磷过程的主要操作条件[Fe/P、pH、快速搅拌速度(FMS)]对废水除磷效果的单独效应和联合效应。结果表明:各操作条件对除磷效率的贡献排序为:Fe/P>pH>FMS;操作条件间的复合效应Fe/P-pH和Fe/P-FMS为正效应,pH-FMS为负效应,其大小排序为:Fe/P-pH>pH-FMS>Fe/P-FMS;建立了"优先/联合"优化模式,确定了对于质量浓度为100mg/L含磷废水经优化的操作参数为:Fe/P 2.57,pH6.31,FMS 136r/min;以模拟废水和实际废水验证了"优先/联合"操作模式的实施效果,其铁盐除磷效率>97%,与模型预测结果误差<3%,模型具有可信性。     

高价铁肠杆菌素受体蛋白FepA表面抗原决定簇基因的克隆及序列同源性分析

用PCR技术获取高价铁肠杆菌素受体蛋白FepA表面抗原决定簇基因,分析其在大肠杆菌种内的序列同源性。以提取的大肠杆菌基因组DNA为模板,设计一对基因特异引物,用PCR扩增的方法获得目的基因。将PCR扩增后得到的片段纯化并克隆至pMD19-T Simple Vector载体,用菌落PCR及酶切鉴定阳性菌落,对阳性菌落进行测序,并与Gene Bank公布的大肠杆菌区段进行序列同源性分析。扩增出598bp的含有受体蛋白FepA表面抗原决定簇基因的目的片段,经测序分析其种内的序列同源性为95%～99%,为今后制备针对该区段的抗体奠定了基础。     

根表铁、锰氧化物胶膜在磷不同浓度下对水稻磷吸收的影响

在采用土－砂联合培养和不同水分管理措施形成不同厚度根表铁、锰氧化物胶膜试验的植株上,将植株转移到磷不同浓度的营养液中,研究根表铁、锰氧化物胶膜对水稻磷吸收的影响。结果表明,水稻根表铁、锰氧化物胶膜,特别是铁胶膜受土壤水分状况影响,在长期淹水条件下,根表铁、锰氧化物胶膜较厚,而湿润和干－湿交替处理下形成的胶膜较薄;水稻根表铁、锰胶膜以铁胶膜为主,占胶膜总量的97.63%～99.23%;水稻根表铁、锰胶膜越厚,对介质中磷的吸附量越高,且磷吸附量随介质中磷浓度的增加而增加;根表铁、锰氧化物胶膜对水稻磷吸收的影响取决于胶膜数量(厚度),当胶膜中等(铁胶膜量为5141mgkg     

Fermi surface nesting and nanoscale fluctuating charge/orbital ordering in colossal magnetoresistive oxides

We used high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to reveal the Fermi surface and key transport parameters of the metallic state of the layered colossal magnetoresistive oxide La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7. With these parameters, the calculated in-plane conductivity is nearly one order of magnitude larger than the measured direct current conductivity. This discrepancy can be accounted for by including the pseudogap, which removes at least 90% of the spectral weight at the Fermi energy. Key to the pseudogap and to many other properties are the parallel straight Fermi surface sections, which are highly susceptible to nesting instabilities. These nesting instabilities produce nanoscale fluctuating charge/orbital modulations, which cooperate with Jahn-Teller distortions and compete with the electron itinerancy favored by double exchange.     

Martian dust storm: its depth on 25 november 1971

Carbon dioxide absorption on Mars was observed by Earth-based spectroscopy at 10,500 angstroms. Its abundance was equivalent to a partial pressure of 2.0 millibars instead of the normal 5.5 millibars. The dust layer was therefore opaque to a height of about 11 kilometers. On 10 December, a pressure of 5.8 millibars was found.     

不同条件下乳铁蛋白对铁溶解度的影响

文章通过不同条件下乳铁蛋白对铁溶解度影响的测定,结果表明,随着加热温度升高和时间延长,乳铁蛋白对铁吸收逐渐降低,加热温度在75℃以下时,对铁溶解度影响不明显,加热温度75℃以上时,铁溶解度明显下降;当溶液pH11或pH3时都会影响乳铁蛋白对铁结合能力,随时间延长,铁溶解度逐渐降低,中性条件下有利于铁结合。试验表明,在中性条件下,巴氏杀菌对乳铁蛋白吸收铁影响最小。     

Martian craters and a scarp as seen by radar

Radar observations of Mars with a surface resolution of 1.3 degrees in latitude and 0.8 degrees in longitude have been carried out during the opposition of 1971. With a precision in surface height measurement approaching 75 meters in regions of high reflectivity, it has been possible to measure the detailed characteristics of a number of craters. Many of these can be identified with craters shown in Mariner photographs of Mars. In addition, a scarp has been seen at 41 degrees west, 14 degrees south with an average slope of about 6 degrees extending over about 40 kilometers.     

温度及AQDS对氧化铁微生物还原过程的影响

【目的】研究水稻土中微生物铁还原过程的温度效应,揭示不同铁还原微生物的作用机理。【方法】采用5种水稻土为供试材料,分别提取微生物群落或分离铁还原菌株;以人工合成氧化铁作为惟一电子受体,在无机盐培养体系中接种土壤浸提液或具有铁还原功能的菌株,厌氧恒温培养;通过对接种液的不同温度处理(40,50,60,70℃)、对培养温度的控制(30和50℃)以及向体系中添加AQDS,探讨温度及AQDS对氧化铁微生物还原过程的影响。【结果】将来源于吉林、天津和湖南水稻土的浸提液在40~70℃处理1 h后作为接种液,随着处理温度的升高,其Fe(Ⅱ)产生量和反应速率均呈逐渐降低趋势。在30和50℃培养温度下,来源于吉林、天津和四川的3种水稻土微生物群落添加AQDS可使Fe(Ⅲ)还原的反应速率常数增加10%~288%,而温度变化的增加幅度仅为6%~17%;对分离自四川和江西水稻土中的6株铁还原菌的纯培养试验发现,菌株JX-a08的Fe(Ⅱ)最大累积量、还原速率常数、最大反应速率及铁还原率均随培养温度的升高明显增加,表明菌株JX-a08更适于在50℃下生长。【结论】于40~70℃升温处理后,来源于吉林、天津和湖南水稻土微生物群落的铁还原能力受到一定程度抑制;添加AQDS可显著增加来源于吉林、天津和四川水稻土的3种微生物群落的铁还原反应速率;在6株铁还原菌的纯培养试验中发现了1株更适于在50℃下生长的菌株。     

基于新近重力场模型MRO120D的火星探测器轨道仿真与分析

针对火星探测器在轨运行时间的问题,利用动力学方法和最新火星重力场模型MRO120D,对220km和150km初始轨道高度的火星探测器进行轨道仿真分析.结果表明,考虑重力场模型二阶位系数C_(20)时,探测器在220km轨道高度能够在计算时间内长期稳定地运行,不考虑该系数的探测器在轨运行时间不足40d,说明位系数C_(20)是稳定轨道的重要因素.在相同条件下,探测器在150km轨道高度运行时间不足18d,说明大气阻力效应对低轨探测器的影响较大.在满足相关科学任务的条件下,建议初始轨道设计在220km以上,以此获得较长的在轨运行时间.     

土壤-植被-大气传输模型的组成及其耦合方法研究

基于土壤-植被-大气系统水分和能量交换物理过程和生物物理过程的土壤-植被-大气传输模型(SVAT),描述了冠层辐射传输、径流交换和土壤垂直方向的水分和能量迁移过程,揭示陆面/大气物质和能量交换、土壤水热迁移的动态特征,以及该系统各组成要素间的相互作用机制。简述了SVAT模型的主要组成部分、水热过程参数化方案及其耦合模式,总结了SVAT模型的研究进展及应用,并提出了亟待进一步改进和完善的问题。