普通肉汤等培养基的保质期试验

将新鲜原材料配制的普通肉汤、普通琼脂、马丁肉汤、马丁琼脂培养基以及含有指示剂的麦康凯琼脂培养基于室温（普通实验室环境,下同）和冷库（4℃,下同）两种条件存放54周,定期通过灵敏度试验和活菌计数试验检验其质量。通过试验观察到：普通肉汤、普通琼脂培养基于两种条件存放54周后,普通肉汤灵敏度仍能达到10-8以上,普通琼脂培养基中活菌数没有明显减少;马丁肉汤、马丁琼脂培养基于两种条件存放至26周,马丁肉汤灵敏度仍能达到10-8以上,马丁琼脂培养基中活菌数没有明显减少,但30周后CVCC428在马丁肉汤和马丁琼脂中生长繁殖能力明显下降,到46周以后无生长;麦康凯琼脂培养基于两种条件存放54周后,质控菌活菌数没有明显减少,但30周后培养基中指示剂颜色消退明显,菌落特异性显色反应不明显。通过以上各试验结果,可将普通肉汤、普通琼脂培养基保质期暂定为12个月,马丁肉汤、马丁琼脂、麦康凯琼脂培养基保质期暂定为6个月。     

Impact of the blood sampling site on time–concentration drug profiles following intravenous or buccal drug administration

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the sampling site on the drug concentration–time profile, following intravenous or buccal (often called ‘oral transmucosal’) drug administration. Buprenorphine (20 μg/kg) was administered IV or buccally to six cats. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery and the jugular and medial saphenous veins for 24 h following buprenorphine administration. Buprenorphine concentration–time data were examined using noncompartmental analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, applying the Bonferroni correction. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Following IV administration, no difference among the sampling sites was found. Following buccal administration, maximum concentration [jugular: 6.3 (2.9–9.8), carotid: 3.4 (1.9–4.9), medial saphenous: 2.5 (1.7–4.1) ng/mL], area under the curve [jugular: 395 (335–747), carotid: 278 (214–693), medial saphenous: 255 (188–608) ng·min/mL], and bioavailability [jugular: 47 (34–67), carotid: 32 (20–52), medial saphenous: 23 (16–55)%] were higher in the jugular vein than in the carotid artery and medial saphenous vein. Jugular venous blood sampling is not an acceptable substitute for arterial blood sampling following buccal drug administration.     

Reproductive efficiency of cows with endometritis after treatment with intrauterine infusions or prostaglandin injections, or no treatment

Data from 3276 cows with 6598 lactations in 85 herds participating in a herd health monitoring programme were selected for an observational study. Cases of endometritis were diagnosed based on a clinical examination after 21 days postpartum. The cases were grouped by the severity of endometritis (mild, severe) and by the treatment performed (intrauterine infusion, prostaglandin injection, no treatment). The conception rates and the calving-to-conception intervals of these groups were compared statistically. Conception rate was lower in cows with severe endometritis compared to cows with mild endometritis while it did not differ between treatment groups. In cows with mild endometritis a significantly longer calving-to-conception interval was observed if intrauterine infusions were performed compared to the other two treatment options. The occurrence of other fertility problems during the same service period had a significant effect on conception rate and calving-to-conception intervals. In cows with severe endometritis intrauterine or prostaglandin treatments appeared to be beneficial, whereas intrauterine infusions in cows with slight endometritis had a negative effect on reproductive efficiency.     

对发酵饲料、中药饲料等禁抗替代产品研制的研究

文章分析禁抗替代产品研制的背景,禁抗替代产品发酵饲料、中药饲料及中药饲料添加剂研制现状以及开发前景,发酵饲料的产品分类、发酵菌种及制作工艺和设备要求。中药处方药是中药饲料添加剂制作来源,制作中药渣发酵饲料是对中药渣资源化利用主要途径。重点介绍了防治仔猪腹泻白头翁汤饲料添加剂配比来源和治疗试验,试验表明:15%白头翁汤饲料添加剂对仔猪腹泻治愈率90.0%、平均治愈天数3.6 d,较氧氟沙星对照组治愈率94.0%、平均治愈天数2.8 d,较白头翁汤处方药组治愈率92.0%、平均治愈天数3.3 d,3组差异不显著(P0.05),15%白头翁汤饲料添加剂可以取替抗菌素和中药处方药。禁抗时代的到来,对从业人员提出了对发酵饲料、中药饲料添加剂知识更新更高的要求。     

姜黄等4种具有抗真菌活性中药的最佳提取工艺

以浸膏得率、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为指标,采用正交设计试验,综合考虑提取方法、溶剂、料液比、提取次数、提取时间、提取温度等5个影响因素,对姜黄等4种具有抗真菌活性中药有效物质提取工艺进行优选。结果优选出的最佳提取工艺分别为:姜黄粗粉(20目)80%乙醇溶液(6倍量),加热回流提取3次,每次2h;射干粗粉(20目)70%乙醇溶液(10倍量),加热回流提取3次,每次2h;栀子粗粉(20目)80%甲醇溶液(6倍量)浸泡0.5h后超声波提取2h;五倍子粗粉(20目)48%乙醇溶液(23倍量),59℃条件下超声提取29min。最佳提取工艺下,姜黄、射干、栀子、五倍子4种提取物浸膏对4株真菌的MIC总值和分别达到31.25,25.00,18.75,18.75g/L,抑菌效果明显且提取工艺稳定可行,值得借鉴。