Zur Genese der Marschböden. I. Der Einfluß von Sediment- und Bodengefüge

On the genesis of tidal marsh soils I. The influence of sediment- and soil-structure The significance of sediment structure for soil structure has often been disregarded when discussing the properties and genesis of tidal marsh soils. After defening several terms that are often misinterpreted, three types of tidal-marsh-soils with different structure are described: 1 . the typical clayey tidal-marsh-soils with very various aggregate structures: The well aired and permeable “SEEMARSCH” (marine-tidal-marsh-soil) with polyhedral and prismatic structure, which is formed from the flaky “card-house” structure of marine sediments rich on salt; the densely paked “BRACKMARSCH” (brackish-tidal-marsh-soil), whose moisture is due to perched water, which coarse prismatic to columnar structure, which is formed from the mainly horizontally orientet structure of brackish sediments due to dispersion; the moderately permeable “FLUSSMARSCH” (tidal-river-marsh-soil), whose wetness is often due to groundwater, with medium to coarse prismatic structure, which is formed from the finely aggregated structure of perimarine tidal-river sediments; 2 . the tidal marsh soils poor in clay, rich in silt and very fine sand with coherent structure and low air porosity, due to a strong tendency towards puddling of the top soil by raindrops, causes the formation of “HAFTNÄSSEMARSCH” (marsh soil whose moisture is due to capillar water); 3 . the tidal-marsh-soils rich in plant remains, clay and with a high level of groundwater often extremly acid, with coherent structure, which formed the generally highly permeable “ORGANOMARSCH”. The conditions of formation of these soils and the soil parameters are discussed also.     

Thormann,F. C., und Golisch,G.: Erfolg in Förste. DLG-Verlag Frankfurt/Main, 1970, 84 Seiten, 20 Abbildungen,broschiert 7,20 DM

Geological and archaeological investigation of the mode of origin of the marshes in Nordfriesland (Germany) In the bogs between marine sediments and Pleistocene uplands on the mainland of Nordfriesland, saltbearing peat for salt production was dug before, as well as while, the bogs were covered by sediments with high clay content. Additionally, there is not much fresh-water coming from the Pleistocene uplands and carbonate is only preserved in the “Klei” deposited in the resulting holes. These facts show, that the “Klei” was originally calcareous and that it was deposited in water with a high salt content. Therefore one cannot conclude that adsorbed cations and narrow Ca:Mgratio (0.5–1.5) indicate sedimentation in brackish water and deposition of sediments with a low, or indeed, no carbonate content. Hence adsorbed cations and the Ca:Mgratio do not allow the separation of marsh soils from soils of a marine or brackish origin.     

The morphology and genesis of eight surface-water gley soils developed in till in England and Wales

The morphology is described of eight surface-water gley soils developed in til in Wales and central and northern England. Physical and chemical analyses as well as micromorphological observations are used to investigate processes affecting the genesis of the soils. The characteristic property of surface-water gley soils, namely slowly permeable subsurface horizons, causes a degree of periodie waterlogging within the profile. Effects of gleying and shrink/swell processes are described. Three main aspects of weathering are shown to be operating: decalcification in two of the three calcareous profiles, the breakdown of coarse into finer particles and the alteration of the clay fraction, chiefly the formation of mixed-layer minerals from mica. Argillic B horizons are present in some soils. In profiles developed in calcareous till the degree of decalcification relates strongly to the amounts of recognizable clay concentrations as seen in thin section. Of the other five profiles three clearly have argillic B horizons. Problems associated with the identification of argillic B horizons in surface-water gley soils in till are discussed.     

Initiale Marschbodenentwicklung aus brackigen Sedimenten des Dollarts an der südwestlichen Nordseeküste

Initial marsh soil development from brackish sediments The initial marsh soil development from brackish sediments was investigated in a transect from the tidal flat to the dike in the southeast Dollart (Lower Saxony, Germany). Oxidized morphological features increased from the tidal flat to the dike. Simultaneously the bulk density increased from 0.57 g cm^—3 to 1.12 g cm^—3 and the water content decreased from 78.8 % to 54.9 %. The soils closest to the tidal flat were massive, those closest to the dike had a crumble structure. The clay/carbonate ratio increased slightly from 3.3 to 4.8 in the same succession as well as the C/N ratio from 13.9 to 15.6. Likewise the salinity decreased from 7.8 ‰ to 1.5 ‰ and the dominance of Na was replaced by Ca within the pool of exchangeable and soluble cations. The data indicate initial processes of marsh soil development: structure forming, settlement, aeration, salt and lime loss, decomposition and changing ratios of adsorbed cations. Similar to marine developments the soils will enter the terrestrial phase as carbonate containing soils not characterized by the brackish sedimentation conditions. For the initial development of today old marshland soils (”︁Kleimarshes”) from brackish sediments, in contrast, it is likely, that they were already free of carbonate when entering the terrestrial phase. This is explained by long‐term reduction and oxidation of sulfur and low sedimentation rates.     

Reactions of phosphorus with sediments in fresh and marine waters

Abstract. The interactions of P with soils and sediments are examined in the context of transport processes from land, through rivers to estuaries and coastal waters. In soil erosion, selective size fractionation and preferential sorption to finer solids is crucial in the transport of P to water courses. Problems in quantifying the sorption affinity and equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPC) of mixtures of different soils and sediments are identified. Riverine transport of P by suspended solids is usually very important and examples of the changes in the amount and composition of particulate P (PP) concentration during storm events are discussed. Increased P content of solids during the first autumn storms, probably reflect the resuspension of accumulated stream bed-deposits. The fate of P in estuaries and their importance as possible long-term sinks of P are discussed. The relatively high concentrations of dissolved P associated with riverine inputs are to some extent buffered by the relatively high concentrations of suspended sediments resulting from tidal flows. Phosphorus may be released during transport to the sea due to decreases in the EPC, increases in salinity and release from bottom sediments as a result of low oxygen conditions.     

Dark gray soils on two-layered deposits in the north of Tambov Plain: Agroecology, properties, and diagnostics

Dark gray soils in the Tambov Plain are developed from the light-textured glaciofluvial deposits underlain by the calcareous loam. Their morphology, water regime, and productivity are determined by the depth of the slightly permeable calcareous loamy layer, relief, and the degree of gleyzation. The light texture of the upper layer is responsible for its weak structure, high density, the low content of productive moisture, and the low water-holding capacity. If the calcareous loam is at a depth of 100?C130 cm, dark gray soils are formed; if it lies at a depth of 40?C70 cm, temporary perched water appears in the profile, and dark gray contact-gleyed soils are formed. Their characteristic pedofeatures are skeletans in the upper layers, calcareous nodules in the loamy clay layer, and iron nodules in the podzolized humus and podzolic horizons. The appearance of Fe-Mn concretions is related to gleyzation. The high yield of winter cereals is shown to be produced on the dark gray soils; the yields of spring crops are less stable. Spring cereals should not be grown on the contact-gleyed dark gray soils.     

Aluminium precipitates from groundwater of an aquifer affected by acid atmospheric deposition in the Senne,Northern Germany

White precipitates collected from stream bottoms and well tubes in the Senne area consist of amorphous aluminium hydroxide, coprecipitated with minor amounts of sulfate, phosphate and silica. The precipitates have presumably formed by the interaction of slightly alkaline water from calcareous subsoil sediments, with acidic water draining off sandy soils affected by high inputs of acidic atmospheric deposition. From many hydrochemical studies, precipitation of aqueous aluminium is known to occur in subsurface horizons of acid soils affected by acid rain. On the basis of presumed equilibrium with soil solutions, jurbanite, AlOHSO₄ · 5H₂O, is often assumed to be the secondary mineral involved. However, direct evidence for jurbanite from solid phase analysis is lacking. This first analysis of such a secondary phase does not support the jurbanite hypothesis, and shows that amorphous Al hydroxide can be formed instead.     

Decalcification of soils subject to periodic waterlogging

Intense decalcification of fine‐grained organic‐rich soils subject to periodic oxidation and reduction takes place in the Biesbosch, a freshwater, tidally influenced wetland area in the Rhine–Meuse delta in The Netherlands. Soil chemical (sulphide concentration and pore‐water characteristics) and hydrological variables (drainage) were measured in three representative Fluvisols differing in hydrology to identify processes inducing calcium carbonate dissolution. Both oxidation of previously formed iron sulphides during periods of low ground water and infrequent inundation, and increased carbon dioxide pressure in the soil during periods of waterlogging combined with drainage of pore‐water solutes, contribute significantly to decalcification of the hydric soils. The effects of these individual processes on decalcification are in the same order of magnitude in the studied soils. Depending on site‐specific hydrological conditions, approximately 0.1–0.3% calcium carbonate may be dissolved per year by a combination of these two processes, which is comparable to actual decalcification rates at these sites. Estimates of long‐term decalcification rates, based on knowledge of the hydrogeochemistry, may be used to assess the risks accompanying the conversion of agricultural soils into wetlands.     

The erodibility of highly calcareous soil material from southern Spain

The erodibility of highly calcareous and gypsiferous soils from three locations in southern Spain is examined. The reasons for the poor structural condition of the soils are reviewed and attention given to the problem of obtaining good analytical data for highly calcareous materials. The most erodible soils are from areas of badlands where sodium salts are present in the parent material. These and all of the soils except those containing pedogenic oxides (for example free iron) or high amounts of organic material are subject to slaking and have low rates of water acceptance. The aggregate stability, as measured by an ultrasonic dispersion procedure and by the water-drop test, is relatively low for all materials except those containing high amounts of organic matter. The size-distibution of the breakdown products of the aggregates obtained by different procedures is considered.     

The base saturation in acidified Swiss forest soils on calcareous and noncalcareous parent material. A pH–base saturation anomaly

Long‐term soil acidification leads to lower pH values and to a concomitant decrease in base saturation (BS). The relationship between pH and base saturation (BS) in acidified forest soils can be disturbed by processes such as nutrient cycling by vegetation, temporary saturation by ground water that comes into contact with calcareous material, or by upward diffusion of base cations from deeper horizons. This paper examines the relationship between pH and BS in Swiss forest soils developed from calcareous and noncalcareous parent material and identifies some of the factors that can affect the BS in the decalcified parts of soils derived from calcareous parent material. The decalcified zone in the latter soils has a higher BS on average compared to soils from noncalcareous parent material, but their pH values are identical. In the pH range 4.0–4.5, the difference in BS may vary by a factor of three. The mean BS in the decalcified zone tends to decrease with increasing depth of the calcareous layer. The water regime also affects the BS in soils on calcareous parent material. In soils temporarily saturated by groundwater (gleysols), the BS in the decalcified zone is always high (85%–100%) because of the continuous contact between the soil water and the calcareous parent material. In addition, the inhibited drainage impedes the depletion of base cations in these soils. In contrast, soils that are temporarily saturated by rainwater are depleted in base cations due to the alternating wetting‐and‐drying regime and the associated leaching of dissolved ions. In such soils, the depletion of base cations is strongly related to the extent of hydromorphy. Stagnogleyic soils, with the longest period of water saturation, have the highest depletion levels. We conclude that in such soils, the diffusion of base cations from deeper zones is strongly compensated by leaching from the very acidic soil horizons. The pH–base saturation anomaly has consequences for some of the methods used to calculate the critical loads of acidity for forest soils in Switzerland, with many soils being less sensitive than previously reported.     

Some features of soil organic matter in parks and adjacent residential areas of Moscow

The humus-accumulative horizons of soils from two natural-historical parks of Moscow and the adjacent residential areas were studied. An increase in the concentration of organic matter was observed in the soils of the residential areas. A tendency toward the formation of fulvate humus typical for southern taiga soils persisted in the low-carbonate nongleyed humus-accumulative horizons. At the same time, the transformation rate, character, and content of organic matter in the urban soils were strongly affected by the contamination, calcareous invasion, and remediation of the soils and sediments.     

碳酸钙对石灰性土壤颗粒组成测定的影响

采取化学分析和Tessier连续提取法,对西宁市6个功能区城市土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的含量及形态进行研究。结果表明:西宁市各功能区土壤的Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的全量分别是全国土壤相应重金属几何平均值的1.9~5.2,1.9~6.9,0.8~4.0,7.4~11.1倍,4种重金属污染比较严重。6个功能区的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量进行差异显著性分析,结果是广场区Cu的含量与风景区的差异不显著(P>0.05),但与其他4个功能区差异显著(P<0.05);风景区与开发区差异显著(P<0.05),但与其他4个功能区差异不显著(P>0.05);开发区Zn的含量与商业区和居民区的差异显著(P<0.05),而其他各功能区间差异均不显著(P>0.05);各功能区Pb和Cd的含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究土壤中重金属的化学形态有较大的差异,Cu以残渣态和有机结合态为主;Zn以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主;Pb和Cd以残渣态为主。Cu活性相对较高的土壤出现在风景区、矿冶区和居民区,Zn活性相对较高的土壤出现在风景区和广场区,Pb活性相对较高的土壤出现在风景区和居民区,Cd活性相对较高的土壤出现在矿冶区和开发区,研究土壤中4种重金属均具有一定的生物有效性和潜在的生态危害性。     

Calcium‐ and iron‐related phosphorus in calcareous and calcareous marsh soils: Sequential chemical fractionation and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance study

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) forms in soils determine the amount of P available for crops and the potential for this element to be released to water. Sequential chemical fractionation can provide some information about major P forms in soils, and allow one to distinguish iron (Fe)‐related phosphorus from calcium (Ca)‐bound P. The ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used in the identification of organic P, precipitated Ca‐phosphates, and aluminum (Al)‐related P in acid soils. Three calcareous soils and four calcareous marsh soils were used in this study. These two types of soils differ in the nature of iron oxides, which are the main P sorbent surfaces. The ratio of low crystalline to high crystalline iron oxides is higher in marsh soils than in calcareous soils as a consequence of the special genesis and conditions of the soil (reduction‐oxidation cycles). Such a ratio is related to the proportion of occluded P in low crystalline oxides relative to that of high crystalline oxides. Citrate‐bicarbonate extractable P (CB‐P) in the fractionation schemes can be ascribed to adsorbed P and high soluble calcium phosphates. CB‐P is correlated with the sum of P fractions in all the soils, thus indicating that the amount of the P that can be easily released is related to the rate of P enrichment of the soil. The ³¹P NMR spectral data reveal that hydroxyapatite is the dominant P form in the soils studied. This is consistent with the fractionation data, where acid‐extractable P is the main P fraction. The spectra also provide some information about the amount of total inorganic P and Ca‐phosphates in calcareous soils.     

Quantity-intensity relationship for characterizing ammonium chemistry of Bangladesh soils in reference to clay mineralogy

Ammonium chemistry in surface soils collected from major soil series of Bangladesh was studied in terms of quantity-intensity (Q/I) relationship. Soils were classified according to physiography and parent materials; calcareous floodplain soils were dominated by mica and smectite, while non calcareous floodplain soils, terrace soils, and hill soils were dominated by mica or kaolinite and lacked smectite as a major clay mineral. Different Q/I parameters were obtained between soils of smectitic and non-smectitic types. Soils of smectitic type had a high potential buffering capacity which kept the equilibrium activity ratio at a low and fixed level.. The content of labile ammonium was high and estimated to increase with increasing addition of NH₄ ⁺. In contrast, soils of non-smectitic type with a low potential buffering capacity showed a considerable variation of both the equilibrium activity ratio and labile ammonium content, as affected by the application of NH₄ ⁺. Based on the ammonium chemistry, expected N-fertilizer application was compared with the prevailing application method.     

Bodenchronosequenzen aus Lockersedimenten der Lechterrassen

Soil Chronosequences derived from Non-Consolidated Sediments of the River Lech Terraces. . During the glacial and postglacial periods 16 river terraces were formed in the Lech Valley. Their non-eroded soils derived from carbonate rich gravel and from silt represent two chronosequences. The aim of this paper is to describe 9 series of the terraces No. 1, 8, 10, 13, 14 and 15 and to explain their genesis regarding the time as a soil forming factor. Due to the result of this paper the following conclusions were made:

• 1 It is assumed that the decalcification of the sediments started immediately after the terrace formation. With growth of vegetation the decalcification rate increased, with increasing age of the soils it decreased again.
• 2 Organic matter content of the soil remained constant for a long time.
• 3 Because of the high carbonate contents of the sediments the soils became acid very slowly. Even in the stadium of a brown earth (after approximately 3000 years) the grade of acidity is still minor.
• 4 The total CEC of the soils depends not so much on their age as on their thickness and their content of organic matter. The accretion of organic matter has the highest influence on the CEC increase in the initial stages of soil formation.
• 5 The silicate weathering started before the bulk sample was decalcificated completely.
• 6 Clay minerals were converted in the following way: Illite (mica) → Vermiculite → pedogenic Chlorite Smectites wheathered already in the stage of a brown earth (profile B₃).
• 7 Clay illuvation took place shortly after the decalcification of the upper horizons. A reddish brown plasma was formed in the brown earths (B₁, B₂) and the red brown podsolics (L₁, L₂). It imparts the intensiv colour (5 YR 4/8) of the argillic horizons. The hue of this plasma is not due to a higher iron contents. It is presumed that the red plasma was formed during the Boreal, because the soils which derived from silt contain only a brown plasma.

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崇明东滩湿地沉积物反硝化酶活性对干湿交替过程的响应研究

滨海湿地周期性干湿交替过程对沉积物氮素转化产生深刻影响,以崇明东滩湿地为原型对象,采集现场沉积物及海水样,通过室内模拟方法研究了沉积物反硝化酶-硝酸还原酶(Nar),亚硝酸还原酶(Nir),羟胺还原酶(Hyr)活性对干湿交替过程的响应。结果表明,半月潮驱动下干湿交替过程中,沉积物从干燥(7%)状态变湿(46%⁴9%)使Nar、Nir活性迅速增加,较高的酶活性(NO3--N 6.449%)使Nar、Nir活性迅速增加,较高的酶活性(NO3--N 6.4⁹.6 mg 10 g-124 h-1;NO2--N 5.59.6 mg 10 g-124 h-1;NO2--N 5.5⁷.8 mg 10 g-124 h-1)至少维持24 h以上;变干过程中,当含水量降至10%左右时,Nar活性短暂升高后逐渐降至很低水平,Nir活性呈现低但稳定的变化特征。日潮驱动下的干湿交替过程中,Nar、Nir活性分别稳定的变化在NO3--N 14.7±2.1 mg 10 g-124 h-1和NO2--N 8.7±1.8 mg 10 g-124 h-1;沉积物短暂淹水期间Hyr表现出较高活性。持续淹水过程中,Nar、Nir活性变化在NO3--N 10.37.8 mg 10 g-124 h-1)至少维持24 h以上;变干过程中,当含水量降至10%左右时,Nar活性短暂升高后逐渐降至很低水平,Nir活性呈现低但稳定的变化特征。日潮驱动下的干湿交替过程中,Nar、Nir活性分别稳定的变化在NO3--N 14.7±2.1 mg 10 g-124 h-1和NO2--N 8.7±1.8 mg 10 g-124 h-1;沉积物短暂淹水期间Hyr表现出较高活性。持续淹水过程中,Nar、Nir活性变化在NO3--N 10.3¹3.9 mg 10 g-124 h-1和NO2--N6.613.9 mg 10 g-124 h-1和NO2--N6.6⁹.6 mg 10 g-124 h-1;Hyr活性随淹水时间的持续有所增加但变异性较高。滨海湿地中、低潮滩带沉积物Nar、Nir活性相似并明显高于高潮滩带沉积物的酶活性,变干过程两种酶的活性低于较高含水量时沉积物的酶活性。     

An appraisal of soil organic C content in Mediterranean agricultural soils

Low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in dry areas can affect soil functions and may thus indicate soil degradation. This study assesses the significance of SOC content in Mediterranean arable soils based on the analysis of a broad data set of 2613 soils sampled from Mediterranean grasslands and agricultural land. The distribution in values of SOC, pH, clay and carbonates was analysed according to different climatic areas (semi‐arid, Mediterranean temperate, Mediterranean continental and Atlantic) and with respect to six different land uses (grassland, cereal crops, olives and nuts, vineyards, fruit trees and vegetable gardens). The general trend was for low SOC in arable land and decreased with aridity. In wet areas (Atlantic and Mediterranean continental), acidic soils had a higher SOC content than did calcareous soils, whereas in the Mediterranean temperate area SOC had little relationship to soil pH. In low SOC arable soils, the SOC content was related to clay content. In calcareous arable soils of the Mediterranean temperate zone, SOC content was more closely related to carbonates than to clay. In contrast to the Atlantic area, Mediterranean grassland soils had much lower amounts of SOC than forest soils. Mediterranean calcareous and temperate acidic soils under grassland had SOC‐to‐clay ratios similar to or only slightly greater than that under a crop regime. In contrast, Mediterranean continental acidic soils under grassland had a much higher SOC‐to‐clay ratio than arable soils. This suggests a low resilience of the Mediterranean temperate and calcareous arable soils in terms of SOC recovery after the secession of ploughing, which may be a result of intensive use of these soils over many centuries. Consequently, we hypothesize that the Mediterranean calcareous soils have undergone significant changes that are not readily reversed after ploughing ceases. Such changes may be related to alterations in soil aggregation and porosity which, in turn, are associated with soil carbonate dynamics. Decarbonation processes (the depletion of active carbonates) may therefore be relevant to the reclamation of highly calcareous arable soils through fostering soil re‐aggregation. The article concludes by discussing the suitability of zero tillage, manuring or the introduction of woody species to increase SOC in calcareous arable soils that are highly depleted of organic matter.     

Soils developed from marine and moraine deposits on the Billefjord coast, West Spitsbergen

Morphogenetic features of soils developed from noncalcareous and calcareous deposits of the marine and glacial origins on the coasts of Billefjord and Petunia Bay in West Spitsbergen are studied. Grayhumus (soddy) soils develop from noncalcareous deposits; they consist of the AO-AY-C horizons and differ from analogous soils in other locations in a higher bulk content of calcium, a close to neutral reaction, and a relatively high degree of base saturation. Gray-humus residually calcareous soils (AO-AYca-Cca) developed from calcareous deposits have a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction; their exchange complex is almost completely saturated with bases. The soils that developed from both marine and moraine deposits are generally similar in their major genetic features. The profiles of all the soils are not differentiated with respect to the contents of major elements, including oxalate-soluble forms of aluminum and iron. Gley features are also absent in the profiles of these soils.     

沂蒙山区不同母岩发育土壤物理性质

以沂蒙山区小圣堂小流域为研究区,对比分析了酸性岩石和钙质岩石发育土壤的物理性质及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)酸性岩石发育土壤石砾及砂粒含量较高,土壤质地由砂壤质到壤砂质,且随土层深度增加,石砾含量增加。钙质岩石发育土壤粉粒及黏粒含量较高,上下两层的土壤颗粒组成相差不大。受成土母岩影响两种土壤分形维数都很低,且酸性岩石发育土壤的分形维数更低。两种土壤石砾含量均大于10%,为粗骨土。(2)酸性岩石发育土壤的容重较大,总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度较小。两种土壤的容重和毛管孔隙度随土层深度的增加而变大,总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度则反之。毛管孔隙度大小主要受土壤分形维数的影响。(3)酸性岩石发育土壤的饱和导水率大于钙质岩石发育土壤,酸性岩石发育土壤10—20cm土层的饱和导水率较0—10cm土层大,而钙质岩石发育土壤饱和导水率在不同土层深度呈现不规律的变化。土壤质地是影响沂蒙山区土壤饱和导水率的主导因素,其中,砂粒和粉粒含量的影响尤为明显。     

水耕人为土时间序列的植硅体及其闭留碳演变特征

以浙江慈溪滨海沉积物上发育的5个具有不同植稻年龄的水耕人为土剖面为研究对象,系统分析了土壤中的植硅体及其闭留碳的演变特征。结果表明,水耕人为土时间序列土壤中植硅体的含量变幅为3.67~17.51 g kg-1。水耕人为土中植硅体的剖面分布特征与有机碳相似,呈现出随着土壤深度的增加含量逐渐降低的趋势。其剖面分布特征表明植硅体在水耕人为土中不易移动。与起源土相比,水耕人为土表层植硅体含量有较大程度的增加,说明植稻有利于植硅体在土壤表层富集。而植硅体随植稻年龄的增加没有表现出有规律的增加或减少趋势。统计分析表明植硅体和总硅之间呈极显著正相关,说明植硅体对土壤发生中的硅循环起着重要作用。水稻产生的植硅体其体内闭留的碳量较高,但由于土体内植硅体总量较低,植硅体闭留碳仅占总有机碳的0.93%~1.68%。现有数据表明,仅通过根系与残茬返还土壤,种植富硅植物水稻并不能显著增强土壤的长期固碳能力。由于植硅体固定的碳在土壤环境中比较稳定,如果能强化秸秆还田,植稻对于土壤长期固碳具有意义。