大花栀子水培快繁技术研究

以大花栀子扦插水培苗为试材,研究了浓度为1/10M、1/8M、1/6M倍霍格兰营养液配方配处理对其植株鲜重、根数、根长、株高、根重等植株形态指标的影响。结果表明:1/8M倍霍格兰营养液处理可增加水培条件下栀子花扦插苗的植株鲜重、根数、根长、株高。     

LED灯光照条件下营养液浓度对生菜生长的影响

以奶油生菜为试材,在LED灯光照条件下水培生菜,研究了不同营养液浓度(日本山崎生菜配方的EC值0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8mS/cm)对生菜生长的影响。结果表明:1.0mS/cm和1.2mS/cm营养液浓度处理下奶油生菜地上部鲜重和干重、根鲜重和干重、叶片长度及叶片数最大,而1.8mS/cm处理上述指标最小。生菜体内的硝酸盐积累量随着营养液浓度的提高而增加。综合分析,EC值在1.0~1.2mS/cm水培生菜效果最佳。     

柞木木醋液对水培生菜幼苗生长的影响

以生菜为试验材料,研究了不同浓度柞木木醋液对水培生菜幼苗生长的影响.试验结果表明,随着柞木木醋液浓度的增加,营养液pH值呈下降趋势,EC值呈先上升后下降趋势;适宜浓度木醋液的营养液能够促进水培生菜幼苗生长,使幼苗株高、根系长度、地上部质量增加,其中0.5 mL/L木醋液处理效果最佳;不同浓度柞木木醋液对水培生菜幼苗叶绿素含量无显著影响.     

水培生菜技术

水培生菜生长周期短,产品产量高、无污染、品质好,深受人们喜爱.从水培生菜栽培设施建设、品种选择、营养液配制、育苗方法、苗期管理、定植及生长期管理、病虫害防治等方面介绍了水培生菜栽培技术.     

脱毒甘薯组培苗水培营养液配方筛选

采用水培方法,研究了4种营养液配方:MS营养液大量元素配方(Ⅰ),霍格兰和阿农营养液通用配方1938年(Ⅱ),循环水生菜营养液配方(Ⅲ),MS营养液大量元素调整配方(Ⅳ)对脱毒甘薯组培苗的影响.试验结果表明,处理Ⅱ脱毒甘薯的地上部鲜质量和干质量、根鲜质量和干质量、枝长、每一枝条节数均为最大.处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅲ、Ⅳ相比,地上部鲜质量分别提高4.1,25.1倍.干质量分别高4.6,10.4倍;根鲜质量分别高4.4,17.8倍,根干质量分别高3.5,11.4倍,枝长分别高1.2,2.9倍,每一枝条节数分别高0.4,1.0倍,除与处理Ⅲ的每一枝条节数外,以上差异均达显著水平.霍格兰和阿农营养液通用配方1938年是水培繁殖脱毒甘薯种苗的适宜配方.     

光照强度和营养液浓度对水培生菜产量和品质的影响

以生菜为试材,在人工光环境条件下进行水培试验,在不同营养液浓度(山崎营养液配方0.8、1.0、1.2倍)和不同光照强度(80、130、180μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))处理组合下,测定了收获期生菜的产量和维生素C、硝酸盐、可溶性蛋白质以及可溶性糖等品质指标,研究了营养液浓度与光照强度处理组合对水培生菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:1.0倍营养液与180μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度处理下生菜地上鲜质量最大、硝酸盐含量最低;1.2倍营养液与180μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度处理下生菜的可溶性糖含量最高;1.0倍营养液与130μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度处理下生菜的可溶性蛋白质、维生素C含量最高。综合考虑,1.0倍营养液与180μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度处理为水培生菜最佳处理。     

三种食用观赏植物水培营养液选择

选取了生菜、野生蒲公英、野生凤仙花3种典型的食用观赏植物作为水培研究对象,分别采用了MS培养基、纽翠绿(腐植酸有机复合液肥)、观叶植物常用营养液3种不同的营养液,以获取静置水培方式中最经济适用的营养液配方。结果表明:在3种营养液中,最适合于生菜、蒲公英水培的为观叶植物常用营养液;最适合于凤仙花水培的为纽翠绿。     

春兰在不同营养液中的水培效应

将生长状况大致相同的春兰放在3种不同成分不同浓度的营养液中进行水培效应比较试验,观测植株的鲜重、株高、根长、根数及叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率,筛选适合春兰生长的最佳溶液。结果表明:A溶液的T2浓度最适合春兰生长。     

不同浓度的褐球固氮菌对水培生菜的影响

以美国大速生生菜为试材,在营养液中添加不同浓度的褐球固氮菌,研究了其对生菜叶片数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、产量等形态指标和叶绿素、维生素C、硝态氮含量等生理指标的影响,为提高水培生菜的产量和品质提供参考依据。结果表明:施用褐球固氮菌均可以促进生菜的生长发育,其中以300倍和400倍效果最好;均降低了营养液的pH和显著降低了EC值;400倍液褐球固氮菌可以提高生菜的叶绿素含量,但显著增加了叶片中硝态氮的含量,500倍液褐球固氮菌可以极显著提高维生素C的含量。     

光强和营养液对水培生菜光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以香港玻璃脆散叶生菜为试材,筛选出最适光照强度和营养液浓度组合,在人工光环境条件下进行水培试验,研究了山崎配方0.8倍(A_1)、1.0倍(A_2)、1.2倍(A3)浓度下与150(B_1)、200(B_2)、250(B_3)、300(B_4)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度完全组合对水培生菜光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,研究光照强度和营养液浓度对水培生菜(Lactuck sativa L.var.ramosa Hort.)光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,揭示产量形成机理。结果表明:营养液浓度一定时,增大光照强度(≤250μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)),各处理生菜叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)上升,产量增加,热耗散小;光照强度为300μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时各处理生菜叶绿素含量、Pn、Fv/Fm、产量减小,热耗散大。1.0倍营养液浓度与250μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度处理下的生菜叶绿素含量、净光合速率最大,光化学效率高,产生的荧光少,热耗散少,产量最大。综合考虑,A_2B_3处理,即山崎配方1.0倍浓度和250μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度组合是水培生菜合适的光强和营养液管理措施。     

草莓叶面积简易测定方法

以透明方格法作对照,分别与叶面积的其他简易测定法(叶长度×叶宽度的系数法、叶长度与叶面积的回归法、叶宽度与叶面积的回归法)比较。结果表明吐德拉(Tudla)叶面积的每种测定方法,以叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,计算公式是=7.0918x-13.4784穴公式中的x是叶宽度,y是叶面积,以下相同雪;鬼怒甘(Kinuama)叶面积的测定法也是叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,公式是=7.3187x-14.3288。杜克拉(Dukela)叶面积的测定法,推荐用叶宽度与叶面积的回归法,公式是=6.6393x-10.6411。y=a+bx^y=a+bx^y=a+bx^     

椰糠复合基质槽培番茄营养液浓度的研究

以无限生长型番茄‘丰收’为试材,以椰糠∶珍珠岩=3∶1为基质,设置EC值为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0 mS·cm^-1的6种营养液浓度,研究了在不同EC值营养液处理下植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数的生长变化,根系活力、可溶性糖、有机酸、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C含量、产量、干鲜质量、水分利用效率和根区液养分离子浓度等的变化。结果表明:适当提高营养液浓度可以改善番茄品质,但营养液浓度过高盐分累积严重时会导致产量和品质下降。EC值为2.5、3.0、3.5 mS·cm^-1的营养液较适合椰糠复合基质栽培,其中EC值为4.0 mS·cm^-1可作为短期内高品质栽培使用,番茄长季节高产栽培则可以选择EC值为2.0 mS·cm^-1的营养液。     

现代化温室无土栽培番茄营养液管理技术调查

对上海现代化温室番茄整个生育期的营养液管理调查表明 ,番茄灌溉营养液的pH范围为 5 .0～ 6 .0 ,回收液pH范围为 6 .0～ 7.0 ;回收液EC值比灌溉液平均高约 1.0ms·cm-1,两者浓度在整个生育期变化不大 ;影响灌溉量的主要因素是温度、光照 ,回收液量占灌溉量的 4 0 %以上 ;营养液配方在不同生长期略有差别 ,营养生长期需氮、钙、镁高 ,生殖生长期需钾多 ,钙镁需求降低     

乙酸-乙酸钾缓冲溶液对苜蓿草吸收土壤中铬离子的影响研究

采用室内盆栽试验和BCR优化连续萃取法,研究了不同pH值乙酸-乙酸钾缓冲溶液对混合污染土壤中重金属铬的形态变化及紫花苜蓿吸收土壤中铬离子的影响。结果表明:乙酸-乙酸钾缓冲溶液对土壤中铬离子由非有效态转化为有效态的作用显著;并且有效提高了苜蓿草对土壤中重金属铬离子的吸收;不同pH值的乙酸-乙酸钾溶液对苜蓿草吸收土壤中铬离子的影响效果也有差异。在试验范围内,溶液pH为5.8的乙酸-乙酸钾缓冲剂对苜蓿草吸收重金属的影响效果最佳,此时,苜蓿草对铬离子的富集量达到37.55mg/kg,富集系数达到0.22;与对照相比提高近3倍。     

A porous stainless steel membrane system for extraterrestrial crop production

A system was developed in which nutrient flow to plant roots is controlled by a thin (0.98 or 1.18 mm) porous (0.2 or 0.5 microns) stainless steel sheet membrane. The flow of nutrient solution through the membrane is controlled by adjusting the relative negative pressure on the nutrient solution side of the membrane. Thus, the nutrient solution is contained by the membrane and cannot escape from the compartment even under microgravity conditions if the appropriate pressure gradient across the membrane is maintained. Plant roots grow directly on the top surface of the membrane and pull the nutrient solution through this membrane interface. The volume of nutrient solution required by this system for plant growth is relatively small, since the plenum, which contains the nutrient solution in contact with the membrane, needs only to be of sufficient size to provide for uniform flow to all parts of the membrane. Solution not passing through the membrane to the root zone is recirculated through a reservoir where pH and nutrient levels are controlled. The size of the solution reservoir depends on the sophistication of the replenishment system. The roots on the surface of the membrane are covered with a polyethylene film (white on top, black on bottom) to maintain a high relative humidity and also limit light to prevent algal growth. Seeds are sown directly on the stainless steel membrane under the holes in the polyethylene film that allow a pathway for the shoots.     

彩叶树种的分类与园林绿化中的应用

概述彩叶树种的分类及园林中应用原则,简要介绍了我国彩叶树种引种和应用现状,并根据彩叶树种引种与应用中存在问题提出建议.     

Control of water and nutrients using a porous tube: a method for growing plants in space

A plant nutrient delivery system that uses a microporous, hydrophilic tube was developed with potential application for crop production in the microgravity of space. The tube contains a nutrient solution and delivers it to the roots. Pumps attached to the tubing create a very small suction that holds the solution within the tube. This system was used to grow wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Yecora Rojo) for 107 days in a controlled environment at suctions of 0.40, 1.48, or 2.58 kPa. The water absorbed through the pores of the tube by baby diaper sections decreased as suction increased. Correspondingly, final plant biomass, seed number, and spikelet number also tended to decrease as suction increased. The reduced yield at higher suction suggests that the plants experienced water stress, although all suctions were below those typical of soils at field capacity.     

潮汐灌溉营养液浓度分段设定对番茄穴盘苗生长的影响

以中杂302为试材,将番茄穴盘苗生长发育分为5个阶段(Ⅰ:播种至出苗;Ⅱ:出苗至子叶平展;Ⅲ:子叶平展至二叶一心;Ⅳ:二叶一心至三叶一心;Ⅴ:三叶一心至四叶一心),分段设定9个营养液浓度组合,研究潮汐灌溉条件下营养液浓度分段设定对番茄穴盘苗生长发育、养分积累量及利用率的影响.结果表明:在第Ⅰ阶段,灌溉1.0×营养液,番...     

不同浓度营养液对油麦菜生长的影响

以油麦菜为试验材料,设计3种日本园试营养液配方浓度,研究其对油麦菜无土栽培生长及产量的影响.研究结果表明,在园试标准营养液配方1/8～1,2浓度范围内,随着营养液浓度的提高,油麦菜各植株鲜质量、小区产量及植株的叶长、株高、叶数、株干质量、根干质量均有不同程度的增加,其中园试标准营养液配方1,2浓度处理最高.     

Effects of cultural cycles and nutrient solutions on plant growth,yield and fruit quality of alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) grown in hydroponics

Alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) was grown in hydroponics with the nutrient film technique, in order to evaluate the effects of four buffer concentrations (1.3, 1.6, 1.9, 2.2 mS cm⁻¹) and two cultural cycles (summer-spring versus autumn-spring) in terms of growth, yield and fruit quality (dry and optical residues, sugars, acids, antioxidants, mineral composition). The longer summer-spring cycle gave a correspondingly higher yield than the autumn-spring one. The 1.3 mS cm⁻¹ nutrient solution was the most effective in terms of overall and spring production. However, the autumn and winter yields were not affected by the buffer EC. Fruit quality did not change with the cultural cycle, but the berries harvested in the spring had higher vitamin C and sucrose content and lower nitrate content compared with berries picked up in the winter. Fruit quality was also improved when the nutrient solution concentration increased. From the productive point of view, the cultural cycle choice should be made considering that 71% of the yield of the more productive summer-spring cycle derived from the spring harvest. Moreover, as regards the nutrient solution strength, 1.3 mS cm⁻¹ EC should be preferred during the spring season, whereas the 2.2 mS cm⁻¹ EC proved to be best in the winter in terms of fruit quality.