2006年夏秋季东海群系澳洲鲐数量分布特征

利用2006年7~11月大型机轮灯光围网在东海外海的生产资料,并结合生物学测定数据以及水温遥感数据,对夏秋季东海群系澳洲鲐数量分布时空变化特征进行了研究,并探讨了它们与海洋环境条件的关系。结果表明:夏秋季东海外海海域的澳洲鲐主要为索饵群体,它们的高度集群期主要在7~9月份,其中以8月份较为明显;10月份以后,由于鱼群开始进行越冬洄游,移动速度明显加快,虽然有偶尔的高度集群现象,但是持续时间较短。在地理分布上,7~8月份,澳洲鲐索饵群体的主要分布在125°00′E以西、28°00′N以南海域;9月份,鱼群重心向东北方向转移,范围为125°00′~126°00′E、28°00′~28°30′N海域;10月份相对于9月份鱼群重心向东转移50 n mile,群体向北移动达150 n mile左右;11月份以后,澳洲鲐群体向东北方向的对马海峡转移且可能至日本海越冬。群体结构分析表明,夏秋季澳洲鲐的个体逐月迅速增大,且增长量以7~8月份较大,以后逐渐下降。根据澳洲鲐的群体移动规律以及海洋环境条件的变化,认为东海群系澳洲鲐属于黑潮边缘种,其中心渔场的变动和黑潮的强弱具有密切的关系。     

阿拉伯海鲐鱼渔场时空分布及其与海洋环境的关系

为了更好地了解和可持续开发利用阿拉伯海澳洲鲐 (Scomber australasicus) 资源,采用2016—2017年1、2、11和12月主渔汛期间我国公海围网渔船在阿拉伯海的鲐鱼生产数据,结合海表温度 (Sea surface temperature, SST)、混合层厚度 (Mixed-layer thickness, MLT)、海面高度异常 (Sea level anomaly, SLA)、叶绿素a浓度 (Chlorophyll-a concentration, CHL) 环境数据,分别构建了以渔获量 (Fish catch, FC) 和作业次数 (Fishing times, FT) 为基础的栖息地指数 (Habitat suitability index, HSI) 模型： FC-HSI和FT-HSI模型。在HIS>0.6的海域,2016和2017年实际渔获量占比分别为76.25%和80.03%。利用2018年的实际生产数据对模型进行预报准确度验证,得出在HIS>0.6的海域,实际渔获量占比分别为45.68%和50.15%,FT-HSI模型的预报结果优于FC-HSI模型。结果表明,基于SST、MLT、SLA、CHL的FT-HSI模型能够较好地预测阿拉伯海鲐鱼的中心渔场。

     

基于鱼卵仔鱼数据的东海中南部日本鲭产卵场分析

利用2016年4—5月在东海中南部海域的调查数据,对该海域日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)鱼卵仔鱼的分布特征进行了研究,并对产卵场的划分展开讨论及提出保护措施和管理建议。结果显示:4月,日本鲭鱼卵仔鱼主要出现在台湾海峡和东海南部海域,出现率均大于25%,但仔鱼在东海南部外海的出现率和丰度均较低,分别为5.00%和0.01个·100m^-3。5月,日本鲭鱼卵仔鱼在台湾海峡的出现率和丰度均显著降低,分别下降至5.88%和0.22个·100m^-3;东海南部外海日本鲭鱼卵仔鱼的出现率和丰度则均显著升高,分别升至50%和36.48个·100m^-3,其中鱼卵集中出现在南部外海,出现率和丰度分别达到了40%和36.46个·100m^-3;东海中部外海从5月开始出现日本鲭鱼卵和仔鱼。结合历史资料,可以判断东海中南部日本鲭产卵场主要有台湾海峡、东海中南部近海、东海南部外海、东海中部外海等4个。日本鲭鱼卵丰度与表层水温呈显著相关关系(R=0.37,P<0.05),与表层盐度无显著相关关系(P>0.0...     

Recruitment patterns of six species of cyprinid fishes in the lower River Trent, England

Abstract – Fisheries data were collected for six species of 0-group cyprinid fishes from eight sites in the lower reaches of the River Trent, England, between May and October 1999 inclusive, using a micromesh seine net. Recruitment and growth patterns were observed via monthly length–frequency histograms and estimations of mean length. In the cases of roach and dace, growth was approximately linear through the summer, before declining in September and October. In the cases of chub and gudgeon, and to a lesser extent bream and bleak, however, there were suggestions of multiple recruitment events. It is argued that some of the fish species examined in the present study adopt fractional or protracted spawning strategies in the lower River Trent.     

2011年春、夏、秋三季莱州湾浮游植物群落演替及其与主要中上层鱼类资源密度的关系

于2011年5-10月对莱州湾渔业资源与栖息环境进行了6个航次的逐月大面调查,研究了春末至秋中网采浮游植物群落结构的演替,并利用广义可加模型分析了其与主要小型中上层鱼类资源密度的关系。共记录浮游植物33属78种,总丰度在春、秋季各出现1个峰值,分别为265×10⁴ ind/m³和111×10⁴ind/m³。春末夏初优势种主要为具槽帕拉藻（Coscinodiscus）、角毛藻（）属逐渐形成优势。夏末至秋中,物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度皆呈现上升的趋势。将环境和浮游植物群落指标作为解释变量逐步优化后的广义可加终模型,对4种鱼类CPUE总偏差的累积解释率达到了76.5%,月份、海表温度、夜光藻丰度、圆筛藻丰度、甲/硅藻比5个预测变量皆达到显著水平以上,甲/硅藻比的升高对渔业资源密度分布表现出正向的作用。结果表明,莱州湾浮游植物群落长期演变后的类群结构和丰度水平,对鱼类群落结构及其资源量现状的可持续性有着积极的意义。本研究为深入探讨渔业种群关键栖息地早期补充和食物网过程的影响因素,从浮游植物饵料基础变动的角度提供了数据资料和科学依据。     

鱼类产卵孵化方式及其适应意义

综述了卵生鱼类的浮性卵、粘性卵、沉性卵及特殊类型的产卵孵化方式及其适应意义,也描述了卵胎生和胎生鱼类的胚胎发育及产仔特征。     

The daily egg production method: recent advances, current applications and future challenges

More than 120 surveys over 25 years suggest that appropriate use of the daily egg production method (DEPM) provides unbiased but rather imprecise estimates of spawning biomass (coefficient of variation generally above 30%). Knowledge of species reproductive biology and early life history and a survey design adapted to local population dynamics are required to optimize DEPM performance in terms of bias, precision and cost. Clupeoid applications dominate worldwide (mainly for anchovies and sardines) and estimates are often used to tune indirect assessment models or to calibrate other fisheries‐independent methods. The method seems better adapted to the life history of anchovies than of sardines, leading to more precise estimates of anchovy spawning biomass and facilitating extensions of the method to estimate total biomass and numbers at age. The continuous underway fish egg sampler is often used as a secondary sampler in the ichthyoplankton survey of the DEPM to reduce the cost and improve the precision of egg production. Multinomial models were recently developed to analyse egg incubation data and used in a Bayesian procedure for egg ageing and delimitation of daily cohorts. These were incorporated in model‐based estimators to get spatially explicit estimates of egg production, daily fecundity parameters and spawning biomass that can improve the precision of DEPM. Uncertainty in daily fecundity estimation of clupeoids is mainly because of spawning fraction estimation by the post‐ovulatory follicle (POF) method. Exploration of recent histological and molecular techniques for POF characterization and laboratory experiments to test the effect of temperature on POF degradation can help to improve spawning fraction estimation. Available estimates of egg production and mortality, daily fecundity, spawning area and biomass from different populations, species and ecosystems are being used to improve the understanding of clupeoid spawning dynamics, their relation with ecosystem productivity and to build comprehensive population models. Finally, a counter‐intuitive finding of this review is that, although the DEPM is almost exclusively applied to clupeoids, recent evidence indicates that it may be easier and cheaper to use in other teleost families, including demersal species.     

东海南部鲐鱼生物学特征研究

本文根据1999年～2003年7月、8月在东海南部进行的4次鲐鱼围网调查资料,对东海南部海域的鲐鱼生物学特性进行研究。鲐鱼最小叉长为15．4cm,最大为28．8cm,平均叉长22．1cm;优势叉长组为19～25cm,其出现频率为80％。2002年、2003年鲐鱼叉长组成个体比1999年、2001年大;鲐鱼叉长与体重的关系进行拟合后的关系式为：W=0．0034L^3.3404;鲐鱼胃饱满度以0级为主,占70％;年龄组成以当龄鱼为主。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场六种主要中上层鱼类的生化组成检测分析

检测了闽南 -台湾浅滩渔场六种主要中上层鱼类 (蓝圆、金色小沙丁鱼、鲐鱼、颌圆、竹鱼、羽鳃鲐 )鱼肌的生化组成 ,蛋白质含量为 16 .94%～ 18.77% ,脂肪含量为 2 0 .12 %～ 2 5 .15 %。随鱼体体长的增加 ,脂肪含量增长。鱼肌脂肪含量与繁殖活动存在密切相关的季节变动。鱼肌中均含 17种氨基酸 ,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的 45 .2 5 %～ 49.39% ,极性氨基酸占 42 .82 %～ 45 .16 % ,非极性氨基酸占 39.2 4%～ 41.5 9% ,鲜味氨基酸占 42 .5 6 %～ 46 .0 2 %。     

Temperature conditions in the Argentine chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fishing ground: implications for fishery management

We describe the seasonal migrations of Argentine chub mackerel ( Scomber japonicus ) into the fishing ground in relation to sea surface temperature conditions and analyse the temperature evolution during the fishing season on the basis of 1955–97 time-series. The upper temperature limit for the presence of schools was around 19°C. At higher values, most schools leave coastal waters (< 50 m) for the shelf. An inverse relationship was observed between catches per unit of effort (CPUE) of the inshore fishery and sea surface temperature. The highest standardized CPUE values corresponded to temperatures lower than 19°C. Above this temperature, the probability of obtaining a standardized CPUE higher than 1 was extremely low, and the standard deviations were minimal. The economic benefit from catches was also analysed through the different months of the fishing season. It was found that the mean benefit corresponding to temperatures lower than 19°C exceeded approximately 15 times that obtained at higher temperatures. A simple fishing strategy was proposed to the commercial fleet in order to improve the economic benefit of the catches. The migratory pattern followed by mackerel during the spawning period was also analysed in relationship to other environmental factors like food availability. Zooplankton composition, size structure and abundance in coastal and shelf waters are described, and their implications for feeding ecology of larvae and adults of the species are discussed.     

Investigating the ‘northern Humboldt paradox’ from model comparisons of small pelagic fish reproductive strategies in eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems

Eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems are highly productive and sustain the world’s largest fisheries, usually dominated by sardine and anchovy species. Stock size is highly variable from year to year due to the impact of the unstable physical environment on fish early stages. Biophysical models of early life‐stage dispersal of marine organisms have been built by coupling (i) hydrodynamic models and (ii) life history models (i.e. egg and larva stages), and are therefore useful tools to investigate physical–biological interactions. Here, we review biophysical models of anchovy and sardine ichthyoplankton dispersals developed in the Benguela, Humboldt and Canary Current upwelling ecosystems. We also include a similar study conducted in the California Current upwelling on zooplankton. We then integrate this information into a comparative analysis of sardine and anchovy reproductive strategies in the different systems. We found that the main spawning periods match the season of (i) maximal simulated ichthyoplankton retention over the continental shelf in the northern Benguela, southern Humboldt and Canary (for sardine); (ii) maximal food concentration in the southern Benguela, California and Canary (for anchovy); and (iii) maximal shelf retention of ichthyoplankton and food concentration in the northern Humboldt (for both anchovy and sardine). This specificity of the northern Humboldt ecosystem could explain why it sustains the largest small pelagic fish stock. Finally, the possible effects of climate change on these patterns are discussed.