“绿色复苏”视域下林业科技英语的翻译探究——以“第十五届世界林业大会”为例

<正>在各国追求可持续发展目标的背景下，林业科技在实现“绿色复苏”战略中扮演着重要的角色。随着环境问题的日益凸显，资源压力不断极大，林业科技的应用和研究成为推动绿色经济发展的关键。对于从事林业科技研究的人员而言，深入理解和准确翻译相关术语及概念至关重要。本文将探讨“绿色复苏”视域下林业科技英语的翻译，旨在帮助促进国际间的交流与合作，推动全球林业可持续发展的共同努力。通过对关键术语和概念的解读和整理，可以加强国际间对林业科技研究成果的共享和交流，促进全球林业产业的繁荣与可持续发展。     

“文化走出去”语境下的中国旅游文化翻译策略--以关联翻译理论为视角

指出了旅游翻译作为中国文化对外传播的一种重要途径,其翻译质量的提高对于维护我国旅游形象和传播我国旅游文化尤为重要。运用关联理论,探讨了在“文化走出去”语境下我国旅游文化的翻译策略。     

应用语言学讲话——Ⅳ.谈谈术语问题

术语是科学文化发展的产物,科学文化越发达,术语越丰富,术语的制定和规范化的问题也就越来越不容忽视。因此,术语问题在世界许多国家的情报界都受到普遍重视。为此,本文探讨了术语的特点、它的产生、移植和发展过程,以及术语的标准化问题。术语的定义及特征术语可以是词,也可以是词组,它们用来正确标记生产技术、科学、社会生活等各种专门领域中的事物、现象、特性、关系和过程。术语有以下四个基本特征:专业性:术语是表达各个专业中的特殊概念,一般通行范围有限,这就是人们常说     

省林科院传达全国林业科技创新大会精神

正10月12日下午,省林科院召开全体职工大会,传达全国林业科技创新大会精神。全国林业科技大会提出"十三五"时期要全面实施创新驱动发展战略,深化科技体制改革,推动自主创新、协同创新、制度创新,增强科技供给能力,加快成果转化推广,促进科学技术普及,更好地支撑生态建设、引领产业升级、服务社会民生,紧扣三大主题,坚持五大原则,推进六大任务,实施十大工程。米文精院长还深入解读了《国家林业局关于加快实施创新驱动发展战略支     

人工智能技术对检索策略的影响

本文讨论了情报检索策略的制定者在情报检索系统历史发展过程中的几次转移以及造成转移的内在机制。阐述了专家系统、知识工程、自然语言理解、模式识别、自动翻译等技术对检索策略以及有关因素的影响。提出了作为人—机交互智能性接口的评价准则,并对检索策略的发展趋势做了初步的论述。     

徽州历史文化街区更新与保护策略研究——以泾县老南街保护为例

指出了徽州作为我国历史文化和人文环境的重要区域,其历史文化物质遗产丰富,有诸多历史文化街区。近年来随着城镇化的发展,徽州历史文化街区的保护和更新面临新的挑战。以泾县老南街的现状和更新为例,探讨了在徽州文化影响下的泾县历史街区发展现状,提出了对其保护的方法和策略,以探索出一条系统的、合理有效的途径,为其他城镇的历史街区保护和更新提供一种可借鉴的模式。     

严寒地区老旧公园适老化改造策略研究——以乌鲁木齐人民公园为例

老龄化是新时代社会主义现代化建设的常态和基本国情,我国积极应对人口老龄化已形成国家层面的战略方针.基于"积极老龄化"背景,以乌鲁木齐市人民公园为例,分析了公园现状及存在的问题,提出了空间布局的丰富和复合、疗愈景观的营造和养护、基础设施的完善和补充、历史文化的保护与保存、防灾避险的体验与科普五大策略,以期对严寒地区老旧公...     

四川省成立科技翻译咨询服务中心

四川省科技翻译咨询服务中心于1984年4月9日在成都正式成立。该中心是由具有丰富实践经验的科技翻译工作者组成,接受党政领导、有关部门、企事业单位和社会各方面的委     

例析林业能源标准英文译法

本文以林业能源管理中的部分行业标准为例,详细阐述了若干标准名称、术语和定义的正确翻译方法。继而说明在采用国际标准以及标准起草过程中,英文翻译的重要性。同时阐明标准编写人员的素质及职业规范同样至关重要。     

中国竹子博物馆的能力建设

从竹子种质资源保存,竹子园林造景,竹文化及历史研究,竹子科研科普博物馆展示和经营方式等方面,阐述了中国竹子博物馆竹子科技文化的能力建设项目的实施过程和取得的成效。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.