多胺及其合成抑制剂对梨花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

以丰水梨为材料,采集开花前1d或当天花蕾的花粉,进行离体培养。结果表明,精胺、亚精胺和腐胺在低浓度时均能促进离体花粉萌发和花粉管生长,但超过一定浓度时则对其起抑制作用。精胺、亚精胺和腐胺促进花粉萌发及花粉管生长的适宜浓度分别为0.005～0.025mmol/L、0.05～0.25mmol/L和0.05～0.25mmol/L。多胺的合成抑制剂甲基乙二醛-双-鸟苷基腙(MGBG)能抑制离体花粉萌发和花粉管生长。     

蔗糖和PEG对山茶花花粉离体萌发的影响

以山茶花为材料,研究不同浓度的蔗糖和PEG对茶花花粉离体萌发的影响.结果表明:添加适当浓度的蔗糖和PEG有利于山茶花花粉的萌发和花粉管的生长,但是随着浓度的升高对花粉的萌发有一定抑制作用.当蔗糖浓度为20 g/L、PEG浓度为15 g/L时花粉的萌发率最高.     

精胺对梨花粉原位萌发及花粉管生长的影响

为进一步研究活体条件下精胺对梨花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响,以幸水、新雪、长-二十世纪为材料,采用荧光显微镜观测了不同浓度精胺处理的花粉萌发及花粉管生长情况。试验结果表明:较低浓度的精胺能促进花粉萌发,而超过一定浓度时则表现抑制作用,适宜于花粉萌发的精胺浓度是0-0.025mmol/L。精胺对花粉管生长的促进作用因品种而异,0-0.05mmol/L,精胺促进幸水、新雪花粉管生长的作用主要表现在花柱中上部;而到达基部的花粉管仍较少,与对照间差异不显著。在0-0.025mmol/L的适宜浓度下,精胺可促进长-二十世纪花粉管生长并到达花柱基部。不同浓度的精胺对幸水、新雪坐果影响不大;而适宜浓度的精胺可促进长-二十世纪坐果。     

影响百合花粉活力的化学因子研究

分析了不同植物生长调节剂及矿质元素对百合花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,结果表明:不同化学因子对百合成熟花粉萌发和花粉管生长表现出不同的作用效果,在2,4-D、GA3、IAA、三十烷醇等植物生长调节剂中,以0.06mmol/L2,4-D的作用效果最好,百合成熟花粉的萌发率和花粉管生长速率分别为10.7%和47.2 um/h.而B、Ca、Mn等不同矿质元素对百合成熟花粉萌发和花粉管生长的作用效果则以10mmol/L H3BO3最好,百合成熟花粉的萌发率为11.8%;而Ca对花粉活力的影响更明显地体现在影响花粉管的生长,当Ca(NO3)2浓度为O.5mmol/L时效果最佳,达到68.8um/h.     

硼、钙和农药对草莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

采用花粉液体培养法研究温度、硼、钙及农药对草莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,(1)草莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长适宜的温度为25～30℃。(2)外源硼酸为草莓花粉萌发必需物质,适宜质量浓度为0.3g/L,低质量浓度促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,而高于0.3g/L则起抑制作用。(3)外源钙为非必需物质,但适量的外源钙离子有利于花粉萌发,适宜质量浓度为0.3g/L,高钙抑制花粉萌发。(4)在培养液中分别加入常规浓度的7种农药,每处理几乎无花粉萌发,加入1/10常规体积分数的7种农药中,只有一遍净、速克灵、奥美特等3种农药处理有少量花粉萌发,说明农药对花粉萌发和花粉管生长有强烈抑制作用。     

猕猴桃花粉萌发的影响因子

试验以美味猕猴桃4个株系帮增1号、201、35-19N1、35-18N1为材料,测定不同株系花粉的活力和花粉萌发动态,并以蔗糖、硼酸、钙、锰、钼、氯化钠等作为环境因子,看其对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:35-19N1萌发和活力最高,萌发率为51.73%;帮增1号萌发最差,萌发率为36.23%。在培养基中硼酸和蔗糖最适宜浓度分别为:150mg/L、10%;培养基中添加Ca(NO3)25mg/L,或Na6Mo7O2480mg/L、MnSO4100mg/L,能明显提高萌发率。不同株系花粉的发芽势高峰有差异。NaCl对花粉萌发和花粉管生长有抑制作用。     

培养基组分对锦带花粉离体萌发的影响

以锦带新鲜花粉为试材,采用正交设计L16 (45),研究了蔗糖浓度、钙离子浓度、硼酸浓度对锦带花粉离体萌发的影响,以期筛选出锦带花粉离体萌发的最适宜培养基成分.结果表明:蔗糖浓度和钙离子浓度对花粉萌发和生长影响较大,硼酸的影响不如二者显著.锦带花粉离体萌发最适宜培养基成分为:蔗糖25％、硼酸0.016％、钙离子0.0050％.     

钙、镁、钾浓度及光照、温度对西番莲花粉离体萌发的影响

【目的】探讨培养基中的钙、镁、钾浓度及光照、温度对西番莲花粉体外萌发及花粉管生长的影响。【方法】设置钙、镁、钾及光照、温度梯度,测量在该梯度下的花粉萌发率及花粉管延伸长度。【结果】钙、镁、钾非西番莲花粉离体萌发的必需培养基成分,钙对西番莲花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长具有显著影响,在质量浓度为0～300 mg·L^-1时,萌发率及花粉管长度均随浓度的增加而显著增加,在300～1200 mg·L^-1时最佳,大于1200 mg·L^-1时,萌发率及花粉管长度均显著降低。镁、钾对花粉萌发及花粉管生长均无显著影响。光照、温度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长均具有显著影响,黑暗条件下最佳,随着光照度的增加,萌发率及花粉管长度均显著降低;二次方程能较好地拟合温度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响。【结论】培养基中钙浓度及光照、温度对西番莲花粉体外萌发及花粉管生长具有显著影响,镁、钾无显著影响,最适的C(aNO₃)₂·4H₂O质量浓度为300～1200 mg·L^-1,西番莲...     

五味子花粉活力的液体培养测定

该试验以五味子新鲜花粉为试材,研究了不同浓度的蔗糖和硼酸对花粉离体萌发的影响.结果表明:当蔗糖和硼酸在一定浓度范围内时,对花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定浓度时起抑制作用.五味子花粉离体萌发最适合的液体培养基配方为10%蔗糖+50mg·kg-1硼酸.     

核桃花粉离体萌发的培养基研究

以6a生云新早实核桃的新鲜花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究了不同的培养基组分以及温度对核桃花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:1)在单因子试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2在一定质量浓度范围内,对核桃花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定质量浓度时则起抑制作用;而氮、镁和钾对核桃花粉萌发不显著。2)在正交试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2对核桃花粉萌发有极显著的影响,核桃花粉最适的培养基为100g/L蔗糖+10mg/LH3BO3+40mg/LCaCl2,花粉的萌发率可以达到45.24%。3)核桃花粉离体培养的最适温度为25℃,培养温度过高或过低都会抑制核桃花粉的萌发和花粉管生长。     

Mentor pollen effect on the in-vivo germination of self-incompatible apple pollen

Investigations were carried out to ascertain to what extent “mentor pollen” can influence the performance of self pollen in apple styles. Self-incompatible ‘Starkrimson’ flowers on branches, placed at room temperature or in a growth chamber, were (1) self-pollinated, (2) cross-pollinated with compatible untreated or (3) irradiated (150 krad) ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen, or (4) pollinated with a mixture (2:1 w/w) of irradiated (mentor) pollen and self pollen. After 18 h, nearly the same proportion (> 90%) of the self-incompatible pollen had germinated on the stigma and penetrated the apical part of the style as compatible pollen. However, subsequent growth of the self-pollen tubes was inhibited. After 48 h, less than 1% had reached the stylar base as compared with 21–24% of the compatible pollen tubes. Irradiation strongly impaired pollen vitality: only 1% of the tubes had reached the base of the style after 48 h. The mixture of the irradiated mentor pollen and self pollen performed better. In this case, 6.4–9.9% of the tubes was observed in the basal part of the style, inferring that tube growth of the self pollen was significantly promoted by the mentor pollen.     

Long-term storage of yam pollen

During 1978–1979, viability of mixed hand-collected pollen from 6–10 genotypes of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), stored under various combinations of relative humidity (Rh) and temperature, as well as the relation of pollen germination in vitro with fruit set were investigated.Yam pollen stored at 0% RH, ?5°C, remained highly viable for over one year (from one flowering-season to the next). Fluctuations in storage conditions accelerated loss of pollen viability. Pollen germination in vitro was not significantly correlated with the degree of fruit set, and pollen samples with low percent germination did give satisfactory fruit set.     

Papaya pollen viability and storage

Papaya pollen viability, tube growth and storage were studied. Pollen germination on a drop of modified Brewbaker medium at 22–26°C closely reflected in vivo germination. Two vital stains gave pollen viability estimates that correlated closely with pollen germination percentage. The time from pollination to first ovule penetration was 25 h at 28°C, no in vitro pollen germination was observed at 5°C and at 40°C pollen tube growth was retarded. High relative humidity (70–80%) hastened the process compared with low relative humidity (30–40%).

Pollen could be stored successfully for 6 months when kept at − 18°C in a deep-freezer. Storage of pollen for the winter months, during which no or very little viable pollen is formed in the coastal area of Israel, seems a practical means to ensure adequate fruit set.     

A pollen extender medium technology for seedless watermelon production by pollination with soft X-ray irradiated pollen

The inactivation of pollen by soft X-ray irradiation and subsequent artificial pollination are time-intensive practices used in the production of seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.). Watermelon generally has a lot of staminate flowers; however, they only have a small amount of pollen. Watermelon pollen cannot be used in pollination under the present situation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which is the most effective pollen extender medium for cultivation of watermelon with soft X-ray irradiated pollen. In this experiment, ‘Agar,’ ‘Marriage powder,’ and ‘Sekishoshi’ (Lycopodium dyed red with safflower pigment) were used as extender media with soft X-ray irradiated pollen at equal or twice the weight of the pollen. When ‘Sekishoshi’ was used as an extender medium, fruit set was very low. A lot of deformed fruit was produced when agar was used with the pollen. On the other hand, when ‘Marriage powder’ was used in equal proportions with the pollen, fruit set was about 70% and, moreover, Brix was high. Thus, the mixture of ‘Marriage powder’ with an equal amount of pollen was the best for use in actual cultivation. We conclude, then, that soft X-ray irradiated pollen in an extender medium can be effectively adapted for producing seedless watermelons.     

Effect of pistil age and pollen parent on pollen tube growth and fruit production of pistachio

Female pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees were hand pollinated with pollen from three different male genotypes 0,1,2,3 and 4 d after anthesis. Results were measured by mature fruit set and by fluorescence microscopy of pollen germination and tube growth in the pistil. Maximum pollen tube growth and fruit set of split nuts was achieved following pollination within two days of anthesis. Three day old pistils supported pollen tube growth, but fruit set was low. Four day old pistils supported little pollen tube growth or fruit set. Significant differences were also apparent between pollen parents, with low pollen tube growth and fruit set following interspecific pollination with P. atlantica pollen. All pollen tubes were observed to penetrate chalazogamously, and parthenocarpic production of blank fruits occurred in both unpollinated and pollinated treatments. The results indicate that for optimum fruit production of pistachio, pollen transfer must be achieved within 2 d of anthesis and pollination by P. atlantica should be avoided.     

3个猕猴桃品种花粉直感效应研究

为进一步研究猕猴桃花粉直感效应,选用I-3-2-2、I-1-5-3、I-1-6-5、I-1-15-4等4种花粉,分别给哑特、秦美、徐香猕猴桃雌株授粉,以自然授粉为对照,建立15个授粉组合。结果表明,猕猴桃在果实坐果率、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、横径、纵径、果形指数、硬度、果实形状等方面表现明显的花粉直感效应,而在果柄离难易方面无花粉直感效应。通过果实平均单果质量、横径、纵径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、硬度等内外观性状的新复极差多重比较分析,得出不同花粉对猕猴桃果实影响差异较大。相同花粉在不同品种上授粉后表现有时相同有时不同。     

油橄榄花粉生活力研究

油橄榄栽培过程中,合理配置授粉树是提高油橄榄坐果率的有效措施之一,而且花粉的产量及其质量直接影响到育种的成败,因此花粉生活力测定方法及测定标准一直是育种家关注的问题.选择恰当的花粉活力测定方法对其花粉活力的变化规律进行研究,对提高油橄榄繁殖效率具有重要意义.     

桃的花粉发育

报道了桃花粉发育的过程，将其划分为３个阶段９个时期。１．单核阶段：①单核中央球形期，②单核中央显沟期，③单核靠边期，④单核趋中期；２．有丝分裂阶段：⑤有丝分裂期，包括前、中、后期；３．二核至二细胞阶段：⑥二核期，⑦二胞期，⑧胞中胞球形期，⑨胞中胞三角球形期。本文还着重讨论了双子叶桃和单子叶禾本科植物花粉发育的差异，提出了正确区分两个“单核中央”的形态学和细胞学的标志，为果树花药培养准确选择采样接种适期，提供了可靠的依据。     

不同发育阶段甜樱桃花授粉后花粉萌发和花粉管生长的差异

选用自交不亲和性程度不同的2个甜樱桃品种莫利和拉宾斯为试材,分别在开花前、开花当天和开花后进行莫利自花、拉宾斯自花和莫利×拉宾斯异花授粉,并于授粉后12、24、48、72、96h切取花柱,用FAA固定,荧光染色后压片观察。结果表明,3个组合的花粉萌发率都以开花当天授粉的最佳,拉宾斯自交和莫利×拉宾斯的花粉管生长状况也以开花当天授粉的最佳,但莫利自交的花粉管生长状况却以花前第4天最佳,花后第4天次之,而当天授粉的最差。因此认为,甜樱桃自交不亲和程度与其雌蕊的发育状态密切相关,蕾期授粉和延迟授粉都能够在一定程度上克服甜樱桃的自交不亲和性,但蕾期授粉的作用更加明显。