谈国外棉花抗旱育种

谈国外棉花抗旱育种据统计，世界干旱、半干旱地区面积占世界耕地面积的４２．９％，许多国家和地区，如美国、苏联、澳大利亚、法国、印度、埃及、巴基斯但等１０多个国家和地区先后发放了４０多个品种应用于旱地棉产区。美国于１９８１年提出耐环境胁迫育种，其内容之一...     

超早熟大豆品种 选育推广现状及建议

超早熟大豆品种选育推广现状及建议魏新民，吴记安，潭娟，王忠跃，万立华（黑龙江省农科院黑河农科所）目前，许多国家为了拓展新的大豆种植区域而致力于早熟大豆的育种研究。美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、瑞典等国均加强了早熟、极早熟乃至超早熟大豆育种的研究，这是由于世界...     

我国水稻育种技术和良种出口大有可为

--我国是世界上栽培水稻历史最悠久的国家,也是公认的拥有世界最先进水稻育种技术的国家。目前,我国已成为世界杂交水稻技术的主要研发国和输出国,拥有一大批世界级的水稻育种专家。在过去的10年中,联合国粮农组织、国际水稻研究所、联合国发展计划署和亚洲开发银行和我国政府一直致力于在世界各国和地区传播中国杂交稻技术,统计显示,目前中国杂交水稻在孟加拉国、印度、印度尼西亚、缅甸、菲律宾和越南等亚洲国家的种植面积已接近100万hm2,中国杂交稻良种在这些国家被称为神稻,广受欢迎。由“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平主持的超级稻育种项目,至…     

我国高梁品种改良的育种方法

随着高梁生产和市场需求的变化导致育种目标发生变化,结果所采用的育种方法(技术)也不尽相同.我国高梁品种改良主要运用的育种方法(技术)有传统育种方法、杂种优势利用法、群体改良法、诱变育种法、倍性育种法、无融合生殖法、转基因育种法.     

国际棉花市场介绍

当前棉花生产有着悠久的历史，积累了丰富的种植经验。由于近代科学技术突飞猛进，育种技术和种植工艺的革命，极大地推动了世界棉花生产。目前世界上种植棉花的国家约有60多个，分布在亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲和大洋洲，产棉区域大都在北纬40度至南纬30度之间的广阔地带。     

早熟高粱的配合力与杂种优势

由于缺乏高产早熟的高梁品种和杂交种,以及可赢利的良种繁育,这一作物在苏联南方地区尚未能普及。本项研究在全苏育种遗传研究所饲用作物和粒用豆科作物育种室进行了三     

21世纪初粒用高粱的育种目标与策略

粒用高梁是我国重要的粮食、饲料和能源作物，进入21世纪，对粒用高梁品种的选育提出了更高的要求，培育出的高梁品种不仅要求高产、优质，还要求抗病虫、抗旱、抗除草剂，适宜机械收割等。在育种策略上要重视优良种质的利用和创新，注意株型改良，常规育种与生物技术相结合。     

孟加拉国杂交水稻研究应用现状及发展对策

孟加拉国是世界上种植水稻的主要国家之一，年种植面积1000多hm^2，但单产较低。1993年开始研究杂交水稻，1996年杂交水稻被正式列入国家研究和开发项目。经过多年的努力，杂交水稻研究与应用取得较大进展。介绍了孟加拉国水稻生产的情况，杂交稻育种，制种和推广现状以及发展杂交稻中存在的问题和对策。     

育种与种子功能研究室

育种与种子功能研究室现设以下11个研究岗位:种质资源评价、创新与利用,分子育种,东北特早熟育种,东北早熟育种,东北中、晚熟育种,黄淮海中、北部地区育种,黄淮海南部地区育种,长江中下游地区育种,热带、亚热带地区育种,菜用和特用育种,种子生产。该研究室开展大豆遗传育种理论技术研究和材料创制,培育适宜在我国不同生态区种植的高产、优质、广适应性大豆新品种,满足大豆产业发展对品种的需求。     

建国50年来中国高粱品种改良发展阶段及代表品种

中国高梁品种改良从1949年至今经历了3个发展阶段，一是农家品种整理利用；二是新品种选育推广；三是杂种优势的利用与研究。通过回顾高梁品种改良发展历史，总结经验，为中国高梁育种今后的发展提供参考，以育出更优良品种。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。