Factors that contribute to the mycoparasitism stimulus in Trichoderma atroviride strain P1

Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 has been used extensively to study the mycoparasitic mechanisms in the interaction between plant pathogenic host and beneficial antagonistic fungi. Mutants of P1 containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) or glucose oxidase (gox) reporter systems and different inducible promoters (from the exochitinase nag1 gene, or the endochitinase ech42 gene of P1) were used to determine the factors that activate the biocontrol gene expression cascade in the antagonis…     

Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals

To study the potential effects of increased biofuel use, we evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol. Studies that reported negative net energy incorrectly ignored coproducts and used some obsolete data. All studies indicated that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline. However, many important environmental effects of biofuel production are poorly understood. New metrics that measure specific resource inputs are developed, but further research into environmental metrics is needed. Nonetheless, it is already clear that large-scale use of ethanol for fuel will almost certainly require cellulosic technology.     

Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis

The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.     

Mutations in Col4a1 cause perinatal cerebral hemorrhage and porencephaly

Porencephaly is a rare neurological disease, typically manifest in infants, which is characterized by the existence of degenerative cavities in the brain. To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of porencephaly, we studied a mouse mutant that develops porencephaly secondary to focal disruptions of vascular basement membranes. Half of the mutant mice died with cerebral hemorrhage within a day of birth, and approximately 18% of survivors had porencephaly. We show that vascular defects are caused by a semidominant mutation in the procollagen type IV alpha 1 gene (Col4a1) in mice, which inhibits the secretion of mutant and normal type IV collagen. We also show that COL4A1 mutations segregate with porencephaly in human families. Because not all mutant mice develop porencephaly, we propose that Col4a1 mutations conspire with environmental trauma in causing the disease.     

Pre- and postinvasion defenses both contribute to nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis

Nonhost resistance describes the immunity of an entire plant species against nonadapted pathogen species. We report that Arabidopsis PEN2 restricts pathogen entry of two ascomycete powdery mildew fungi that in nature colonize grass and pea species. The PEN2 glycosyl hydrolase localizes to peroxisomes and acts as a component of an inducible preinvasion resistance mechanism. Postinvasion fungal growth is blocked by a separate resistance layer requiring the EDS1-PAD4-SAG101 signaling complex, which is known to function in basal and resistance (R) gene-triggered immunity. Concurrent impairment of pre- and postinvasion resistance renders Arabidopsis a host for both nonadapted fungi.     

Drosophila males contribute to oogenesis in a multiple mating species

Two species of Drosophila that differ in their ecology and mating systems have been compared with respect to male contribution to the somatic tissues and developing oocytes of females. In the species Drosophila mojavensis females remate daily, exhibit a copulatory plug, and have been shown to obtain a contribution from the male ejaculate. In contrast, Drosophila melanogaster males do not contribute to females. Female Drosophila melanogaster do not remate as frequently as Drosophila mojavensis females nor is a copulatory plug formed.     

Mutations in the DJ-1 gene associated with autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism

The DJ-1 gene encodes a ubiquitous, highly conserved protein. Here, we show that DJ-1 mutations are associated with PARK7, a monogenic form of human parkinsonism. The function of the DJ-1 protein remains unknown, but evidence suggests its involvement in the oxidative stress response. Our findings indicate that loss of DJ-1 function leads to neurodegeneration. Elucidating the physiological role of DJ-1 protein may promote understanding of the mechanisms of brain neuronal maintenance and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.     

我国部分引进猪种IGF2和RYR1基因主效位点的遗传变异分析

胰岛素样生长因子2(Insulin-like growth factor2,IGF2)是一类多功能细胞增殖调控因子。它在胎儿生长发育、肿瘤细胞增殖、肌肉生长等方面具有重要的调控作用。猪IGF2基因第3内含子3072G>A突变是迄今少数几个被确证的影响农业动物数量性状的主效突变位点(Quantitative Traits Nucleotide,QTN)。兰定尼受体基因(RYR1)c.1843C>T突变位点是造成猪应激综合症的主效基因位点。本研究采用PCR-RFLP及PCR-SSCP的方法,检测了深圳、江苏、江西等4个猪场5个引进猪种(品系)的323头种猪个体在IGF2的第3内含子3072G>A位点突变和RYR1基因的c.1843C>T突变位点的基因型,以此指导猪的育种实践,提高猪产肉量和经济效益,剔除氟烷应激敏感基因,选育抗应激种群。     

Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport

Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.     

小麦淀粉颗粒蛋白-1突变体挖掘及其相关农艺性状和品质特点的分析

小麦淀粉颗粒蛋-1(starch granule protein 1,即SGP-1)突变体是选育高直链淀粉含量、高抗性淀粉小麦品种的重要基础材料。SGP-1突变缺失,使胚乳中支链淀粉侧链的延伸受阻,从而使胚乳表观直链淀粉含量相对升高,所制食品的抗性淀粉含量也相应提高,具有重要的保健意义。本研究主要是利用SDS-PAGE方法,检测307份国内外农家种、育成种、高代品系及国内外黑小麦材料的SGP-1(SGP-A1、SGP-B1和SGP-D1)蛋白组成,进而发掘SGP-1突变体;并对突变体材料进行相关农艺性状和品质性状特点的分析,为育种利用及品质改良提供参考。结果共检测到4份SGP-1突变体,均为冬性材料,其中国外材料3份(CH62444、EAP74961和Amigo)、高代品系1份(05黑初8),分别为SGP-A1单缺体,SGPA1和-D1双缺体,SGP-A1和-B1双缺体,以及SGP-A1单缺体。在主要农艺性状方面,EAP74961、05黑初8和Amigo抽穗期与石4185(CK)相近,而CH62444则抽穗较晚,并且3份国外材料植株均较高。这4份突变体材料麸皮中的非水溶性戊聚糖含量相对于水溶性戊聚糖占绝对优势,而胚乳中非水溶性戊聚糖含量与水溶性戊聚糖含量则较为接近,但CH62444、Amigo和05黑初8麸皮中的总戊聚糖含量较高(分别为14.33%,15.20%和12.91%),而EAP74961面粉中的总戊聚糖含量(1.34%)较高。在淀粉组分含量方面,4份突变体材料差异不大。     

坚持和拓展太行山道路 为科教兴冀再做新贡献

简要概述了科教兴农中心工作的发展历程、主要工作进展与工作设想。面对新的形势，要坚持和拓展大行山道路，以江总书记“三个代表”重要思想为指导，谋划新的发展思路。     

Mapping of the human Blym-1 transforming gene activated in Burkitt lymphomas to chromosome 1

Blym-1, a transforming gene detected by transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with DNA from Burkitt lymphomas, was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p32) by chromosomal in situ hybridization. The Blym-1 gene was not physically linked to the cellular myc oncogene or to any of the immunoglobulin gene loci implicated in the characteristic chromosomal translocations in Burkitt lymphoma.     

Mutations in FgPrp6 suppressive to the Fgprp4 mutant in Fusarium graminearum

The pre-mRNA processing factor Prp6 is an essential component of the U4/U6.U5 tri-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein(snRNP).In a previous study,mutations were identified in the PRP6 ortholog in four suppressors of Fgprp4 that was deleted of the only kinase FgPrp4 among the spliceosome components in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.In this study,we identified additional suppressor mutations in FgPrp6 and determined the suppressive effects of selected mutations.In total,12 mutations o...     

Tissue factor gene localized to human chromosome 1 (1pter----1p21)

Tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin, coagulation factor III), a protein component of cell membranes, is an essential cofactor for factor VII-dependent initiation of blood coagulation. Since no tissue factor-deficient condition has been described, it is one of only a few proteins of the coagulation system for which the pattern of inheritance has not been ascertained. Because of the species-specificity of tissue factor activity and the availability of a very sensitive chromogenic assay, it was possible in the present study to use somatic cell hybrids to assign the chromosomal location of the tissue factor structural gene (F3) to human chromosome 1 (1pter----1p21).     

抗苯磺隆猪殃殃乙酰乳酸合成酶的突变研究

[目的]近几年,中国大部分冬小麦田猪殃殃(Galium agarine L.)用苯磺隆已无法有效控制.为明确猪殃殃对苯磺隆产生抗药性的分子机制,本试验从分子水平上开展研究,以初步明确乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)氨基酸序列的突变位点.[方法]通过对敏感和抗药性猪殃殃生物型ALS基因片段进行扩增、克隆和测序,比对2种生物型的ALS序列.[结果]与敏感生物型猪殃殃的ALS相比,抗药性猪殃殃生物型ALS有3个位点发生突变,其中位于高度保守区Domain B的第574位色氨酸被甘氨酸所取代.[结论]该位点的突变可能是猪殃殃对苯磺隆产生抗药性的主要原因.     

Study on Mutations in ALS for Resistance to Tribenuron-Methyl in Galium aparine L.

In recent years,Galium aparine L.has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields.The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G.aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase(ALS)in the resistant biotype of G.aparine.Fragments that encode the ALS were amplified and cloned from susceptible(S)and resistant(R)biotypes of G.aparine to tribenuron-methyl and sequenced subsequently.The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of Rbiotype of G.aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions,of which,the amino acid substitution of Trp574(TGG)to Gly(GGG)is located in the highly conserved region Domain B.The substitution of Trp574might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G.aparine.     

福建省商业猪种MUC13、IGF2和RYR1基因主效位点的遗传变异分析

选择决定新生仔猪ETEC F4ac腹泻抗性的黏附素13(MUC13)基因,影响生长速度和背膘厚的IGF2内含子3 g.3072G＞A,决定氟烷敏感性的RYR1 c.1843C＞T等3个对养猪生产具有显著影响的基因位点,采用PCR-RFLP或PCR-SNaPshot方法,对福建省6家大型种猪场的杜洛克、长白、大白核心育种群进行基因型判定.结果表明:杜洛克、长白、大白的MUC13有利等位基因频率分别为0.892、0.643、0.638,IGF2有利等位基因频率分别为0.933、0.742、0.826,RYR1有利基因型频率很高,分别为:0.896、0.982、0.968.RYR1、IGF2与MUC13的有利等位基因型组合个体比例在各品种中差异较大,以杜洛克最高(65.4％),大白其次(28.4％),长白最低(19.9％).因此,与常规育种技术相结合,需经过多世代选育才能将此3个主效位点的有利等位基因在受试种群中选育纯合.