HPLC测定油橄榄不同部位山楂酸的含量

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对我国陇南地区引种的油橄榄不同部位中山楂酸的含量分布进行了系统研究,建立了油橄榄不同部位中山楂酸含量的测定方法。用Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-1.0%醋酸水溶液(体积比88∶12)为流动相,检测波长为215 nm。结果显示,油橄榄全果中含山楂酸0.16%,果肉中含0.17%,橄榄叶中含0.73%,油橄榄枝条表皮中含0.31%,油橄榄果渣中含0.41%,而果核和油橄榄枝条木质部中则没检出山楂酸。在含有山楂酸的各个部位中,山楂酸的平均加标回收率分别为94.1%、93.9%、95.5%、92.3%和94.7%(n=3),相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.12%、1.85%、2.03%、1.69%和1.34%(n=3);山楂酸进样量在3.15～36.6 mg/L范围内线性良好。     

HPLC法测定不同时期鲜枣中环磷酸腺苷含量变化的研究

研究不同时期鲜枣中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)含量的变化,为后期开发枣酒等功能产品提供理论依据。采用高效液相色谱法,对不同品种鲜枣的3个时期(白熟期、半红期、全红期)的功能性物质cAMP含量进行测定。研究表明,板枣、壶瓶枣、木枣3个枣品种中木枣的环磷酸腺苷含量最高;白熟、半红、全红3个时期中白熟期环磷酸腺苷含量最高。可以选择合适的采摘时期提取有效成分,以加工后续功能产品。     

梨果不同部位中熊果苷的差异分布规律

【目的】阐明熊果苷在梨果实内部的差异分布规律,进一步研究熊果苷在梨果中的代谢规律,以促进梨果熊果苷的开发和应用。【方法】以'玉露香'库尔勒'黄冠'丰水'鸭梨'5个品种梨果为供试材料,采用高效液相色谱法,对其果皮、果肉、果心、果肩、果顶等部位及果肉5个切片部位中熊果苷的含量进行了定量分析。【结果】供试的5个梨品种果实中均富含熊果苷这一酚类物质,其含量为2.17～872.23μg·g~(-1)。在不同梨品种中,果皮中熊果苷的含量最高的品种是'玉露香',其含量为872.23μg·g~(-1);而其含量最少的品种是'黄冠',其含量为171.51μg·g~(-1)。果肉和果心中熊果苷的含量均最高的品种是'鸭梨',其果肉与果心中熊果苷的含量分别为12.94和268.20μg·g~(-1);而其含量均最低的品种是'库尔勒',其果肉与果心中熊果苷的含量分别为2.17和74.45μg·g~(-1)。比较梨果不同部位中的熊果苷含量可知,含量最高的部位是果皮,果心次之,含量最低的部位是果肉;纵向比较可知,果肩和果顶中熊果苷的含量相近。将同一品种的梨果肉划分为5个切片部位进行研究,结果表明,其熊果苷含量为3.44～105.65μg·g~(-1);横向比较可知,'玉露香'各个切片部位间其熊果苷含量无显著性差异,而其余品种果肉各个切片部位间其熊果苷含量存在显著性差异,其中又以靠近果皮处的含量为最高。【结论】熊果苷广泛存在于梨果内,不同品种间果实中的熊果苷含量存在差异,同一品种梨果不同部位间其含量同样存在差异,同一部位不同切片部位间其含量也存在差异。试验结果表明:'玉露香'梨果皮中熊果苷的含量最高,而'库尔勒'梨果肉中熊果苷的含量最低。     

HPLC法测定壶瓶枣中环磷酸腺苷含量的研究

建立了用高效液相色谱仪测定壶瓶枣中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)含量的方法,采用Sino Chrom ODS-BP色谱柱(5μm,4. 6 mm×200. 0 mm),柱温30℃,流动相为磷酸二氢钾溶液-甲醇(80∶20),流速为1 m L/min;进样量10μL;检测波长259 nm.环磷酸腺苷在10. 0μg/m L～50. 0μg/m L浓度范围内,浓度和检测峰面积呈良好的线性关系,R^2=0. 999 076 28.该方法准确度高,快速简便,适用于壶瓶枣中c AMP的检测。     

Distribution of gymnemic acid in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre

The gymnemic acid contents in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre were investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results shows that the content of gymnemic acid in various organs, obviously different, was 54.29, 31.66, 28.82, 27.67, 25.39, 20.56 and 1.31 mg·g⁻¹ DW in shoot tips, flowers, nodes, leaves, internodes, roots and seeds, respectively. The highest gymnemic acid content (54.29 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was found in shoot tip, 1.96 fold higher than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW). Maximum quantity of gymnemic acid (35.39 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was observed in the young leaves, which was 1.52 times higher than that in old leaves (23.07 mg·g⁻¹ DW). The content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old internodes was 26.47, 25.77 and 23.94 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all lower than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW), whereas the content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old nodes was 27.96, 28.81 and 29.66 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all higher than that in leaves. The study provides the scientific evidences for the rational development and utilization of Gymnema sylvestre resources, since over exploitation of natural stands has caused depletion of these plants in nature. Foundation project: This work was supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. 33-88/2007 (SR))     

防腐木材抽提液中杀菌剂(BAC)的测定

建立了防腐木材抽提液中十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(BAC)的高效液相色谱分析方法.通过使用VenusilSCX柱,将氯化铵溶于V(甲醇):V(水)=5:1混合液作为流动相,检测波长262 nm,在质量浓度10～1 000 mg/L的相关系数为0.999 7,相对标准偏差0.235%,平均加标回收率为100.9%,检出限1.0 mg/L.该方法适用于分析防腐木材抽提液中BAC的含量.     

花尾榛鸡(Bonasa bonasia)在韩国温带林中的季节性移动特征(英文)

This study were carried out in the Experimental Forest (37( 48' 10" N, 127( 48' 50" E) of Gangwon Forest Development Institute, Gamjeong-ri, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, Korea from Dec. 1999 to Jul. 2002. Eight individuals (three males and five females) of hazel grouse were captured and they were marked with a 14-g necklace-type transmitter. The surveying results showed that females were more active than males throughout the year, but males were more mobile than females in spring. The degree of movement for females and males was similar from summer to winter. The overlap degree of habitat was very large from spring to autumn. Hazel grouse had greater shifts in area use in winter. They used similar area from spring to autumn, made a shift in their habitat use in winter, and then shifted back to the previous habitat.     

向日葵秸秆对U(VI)和Pb(Ⅱ)的选择吸附性能及机理研究

以含有单一的U(VI)、Pb(Ⅱ)溶液以及U(VI)和Pb(Ⅱ)混合溶液为吸附质,系统探讨了pH值、吸附剂量、吸附时间和初始离子浓度对向日葵秸秆吸附效果的影响。采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、粒内扩散模型、Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程对实验数据进行拟合,从分配系数和分离因子角度对吸附选择性进行分析,并对吸附机理进行探讨。结果表明:吸附20 mg/L的U(VI)-Pb(Ⅱ)溶液的最佳pH值为4.0、吸附剂量为2.0 g/L、吸附时间为720 min,U(VI)和Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率分别为77.55%、87.44%;U(VI)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学在单离子和复配体系下均符合准二级动力学模型;吸附等温线均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,单离子最大吸附量分别为327.0和67.59 mg/g,且当U(VI)高于200 mg/L时Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程也能用Freundlich模型描述。当离子初始浓度较低时向日葵秸秆对Pb(Ⅱ)具有更高的吸附选择性,而较高时则相反。向日葵秸秆吸附前后的SEM、EDX和FT-IR图谱表明,吸附U(VI)和Pb(Ⅱ)的主要方式为络合和离子交换。     

兴安白芷种子欧前胡素含量的HPLC分析及不同产地的含量测定

用高效液相色谱法测定兴安白芷种子中欧前胡素含量。利用均匀设计试验筛选了分析样品的制备方法,确定的最佳提取条件为:以78%乙醇为溶剂在20℃下超声波辅助提取22min,欧前胡素得率0.698%。测定了不同产地兴安白芷种子中欧前胡素的含量,绥阳地区兴安白芷种子中的欧前胡素质量分数最高,达到1.722%;其次为虎林和海林所产,分别为1.519%和1.031%,大兴安岭地区质量分数最低,为0.698%。     

4种木材常温下醛和萜烯挥发物的释放

利用高效液相色谱仪和气相色谱仪分析4种木材(杉木、杨木、马尾松和尾叶桉)中有机挥发物的成分及含量,结果表明:4种木材生材常温均可释放多种醛和萜烯挥发物,其中乙醛的释放量最高;杉木和杨木释放的醛类明显高于马尾松和尾叶桉;杉木释放的萜烯类明显高于其他3种木材;温度由20 ℃上升到40 ℃,杉木醛类和萜烯类释放量显著增加.     

Antimicrobial activity of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract

The ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumilis, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and inactivity against Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli.     

反相液相色谱法测定咖啡豆中咖啡碱含量

采用反相高效液相色谱外标法对咖啡豆中的咖啡碱进行定量测定 ,方法的变异系数为 0 0 67,线性相关系数为 0 9999,回收率为 98 83%～ 10 0 67%。     

高效液相色谱法测定水体中四种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了液液萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水体中DEP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP4种内分泌干扰素的方法。以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,氮吹蒸发浓缩后进样分析。HPLC分析条件为：100%甲醇作流动相、流速1.2mL/min、柱温35℃、紫外检测器（224nm）。方法的线性相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差小于6.2%,仪器检测限分别为0.011mg/L、0.009mg/L、0.016mg/L、0.020mg/L,加标回收率为84.1%~99.5%。实际水样检测结果为河流中4种PAEs总浓度在35.6~184.2μg/L,表明该河流水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染。     

北五味子各器官中木脂素含量分析

对北五味子果实,不同年龄藤条和根的木质部和韧皮部,以及北五味子不同部位叶片中的木脂素进行测定,首次系统地对北五味子不同部位木脂素含量做出定量分析及比较。结果表明,北五味子4种木脂素以种子的含量最高,其中五味子醇甲含量最高,五味子乙素次之,五味子甲素含量最低;在藤条韧皮部,木脂素含量随年龄增长而逐渐升高,在藤条木质部,木脂素含量随年龄增加而逐年降低。     

高效液相色谱法测定防腐木材中戊唑醇含量的不确定度评估

利用高效液相色谱法测定了防腐木材中的戊唑醇含量。分析了测定过程中由样品称取质量、样品前处理定容体积、标准溶液质量浓度、液相色谱仪定量重复性、平行试验重复性产生的不确定度的计算方法,确定了防腐木材样品中戊唑醇含量不确定度的最终合成与表示为（494±64）μg／g（k ＝2）。     

乙酸乙酯萃取－高效液相色谱法测定水中阿特拉津

针对GB／T5750．9—2006监测方法所用萃取剂——二氯甲烷属于中等毒性污染物,通过对几种低毒有机溶剂的筛选,获得低毒性的乙酸乙酯作为替代萃取剂,并建立以乙酸乙酯萃取阿特拉津——高效液相色谱分析的新方法。比较用二氯甲烷、正辛烷、正己烷和乙酸乙酯4种有机溶剂进行萃取时对测定水中阿特拉津的影响。该方法对水中阿特拉津的检测限为0,0002mg／L,加标回收率范围84．5％～104．3％,标准偏差（SD）9．8μg／L,相对标准偏差（RSD％）5．2％。实验结果表明,该方法具有安全快速灵敏等特点,可用于水环境中阿特拉津的痕量检测。     

HLB固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿奶粉中、对羟基苯甲酸酯类的研究

建立了固相萃取（SPE）-高效液相色谱同时测定婴幼儿奶粉中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯含量的方法。在选定的条件下各组分的相关系数均大于0．9991,线性范围0．5～50mg／L,回收率为95．2％～104．3％,相对标准偏差为2．1％～4．4％。     

柱后衍生荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定板栗中的氨基酸

本文介绍了测定板栗中氨基酸的高效液相色谱法。样品水解产物中的氨基酸采用离子交换法分离、梯度洗脱、OPA(邻苯二甲醛)柱后衍生,然后再用荧光测法检测(Ex348nm,Em450nm)。17种氨基酸在50分钟内得到完全的分离。方法的标准偏差在0.16％以内,变异系数为2.8—14％(n=4)。     

Quantitation of gibberellins A9, A1 and A3 in relation to flower bud differentiation in Picea abies

Endogenous gibberellin A₁ (GA₁), GA₃, GA₄ and GA₉ were quantitated in elongating shoots of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] grafts with a good or a poor flowering history. The grafts were grown either in a natural environment outdoors, cool and wet (CW) treatment, or in a greenhouse with elevated temperatures and controlled drought stress, hot and dry (HD) treatment. The GAs were quantitated by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC‐MS SIM) using deuterated GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₉ as internal standards. Terminal shoots from the second whorl of branches were harvested at 76%, 86% and 96% shoot elongation for the CW treated grafts and at 90% and 99% shoot elongation for the HD treated grafts. The content of GAs in the CW grafts was highest during most rapid shoot elongation, GA₉ being the dominant GA. The levels decreased as shoot elongation ceased. This was also noted for GA‐content in shoots of the HD treated grafts. A comparison of the GA‐amounts at ca. 96% of total shoot elongation for the CW treated grafts and ca. 99% of total shoot elongation for the HD treated grafts revealed that shoots of the good flowering clone had a higher content of GA₉ and a lower content of GA, and GA₃. When comparing the HD treated and CW treated grafts, the shoots of HD treated grafts contained higher concentrations of GA₉ but lower concentrations of GA, and GA₃. Calculating the ratios between [GA₉] and [GA₁] resulted in a ratio of 12.5 and 36.6 for the good flowering clone grown outdoors and in greenhouse, respectively. The same ratios were for the poor flowering clone 1.45 and 3.8 when grown outdoors and in greenhouse, respectively. A higher ratio may indicate a higher capacity of synthezise the importance of flowering GA₄ from GA₉ and a lower conversion of GA₄ to GA₁, thereby favouring the diffentiation to reproductive buds.