现代生物技术在医药学中的应用

医药生物技术主要涉及到新药开发、新诊断技术、预防措施及新的治疗技术。现代生物技术具有生产原料简单、安全、可靠性高、产品具有特殊的活性、系统结构紧凑、有利于提高或扩展人类的能力等特点。本文对现代生物技术在医药学中的应用进行综述。     

现代生物技术在环境检测中的应用

环保是当前时代发展的根本性工作,加强环境检测是促进环保工作成效提升的必要性步骤,因而在环境检测中加强现代生物技术的应用,就是确保环境检测工作成效提升的关键。因而能本文正是基于这一背景,主要就生物酶抑制技术、酶免疫测定技术、金标免疫速测技术、生物芯片技术、生物发光检测技术、生物传感技术等现代生物技术在环境检测中的应用进行了探讨。旨在与同行进行业务之间的交流,以不断强化环境检测成效,从而为环境保护工作的开展奠定坚实的基础。     

现代生物技术在畜牧业中的应用概述

以生物技术为主体的高新技术已广泛地应用于各领域,特别对现代畜牧业产生了深远的影响,本文阐述了现代生物技术在畜禽资源保护、动物遗传育种、动物营养与饲料、动物疫病及生物制药等方面的应用情况,并对这些技术在今后现代畜牧业中的应用前景做了展望。     

生物技术在现代畜牧业中的应用

对现代生物技术进行了全面的阐述，并深入探讨了这些技术在畜禽遗传资源保护与利用、遗传繁育、动物营养、饲料资源开发和动物疫病诊断与防治方面的应用情况，对以生物技术为主体的高新技术在现代畜牧业中的应用前景进行了展望。     

生物技术在家畜繁殖中的应用

随着现代生物技术的发展,传统的杂交选择育种法的各种缺点日益明显,而分子育种技术却显示出越来越强大的生命力,逐渐成为动物育种的趋势和主流.     

山羊的繁殖控制技术

繁殖力的高低直接影响山羊生产的水平和经济效益。山羊的繁殖效率受遗传和环境等诸因素的影响,近年来各国进行了大量研究,以提高山羊的繁殖效率。一、同期发情应用同期发情技术可使配种时间和产羔时间相对集中,以利于生产计划的安排,提高劳动效率,便于实行人工授精。     

戴云山羊新品系繁殖性能研究

试验系统研究了经连续4个世代选育的戴云山羊新品系的繁殖性能。结果表明,各世代配种率、受胎率均在90％以上;头胎母羊产羔数在1．32～1．48头之间、经产母羊产羔数在1．89～2．12头之间;头胎初生重为1．69～1．77kg,经产为1．47～1．58kg。遗传改良效果为：各世代母羊的配种率与受胎率都得到了一定的改善;产羔数提高约0．2头;各世代羔羊的初生重随着产羔数的增加而减少。     

山羊多胎性状候选基因的研究进展

多胎性状是山羊的重要经济性状,直接关系到其产业的经济效益。目前在绵羊中已经找到了影响多胎性能的若干主效基因;在山羊上,国内外对遗传机制的研究主要集中在常规选育和分子标记方面,但是仍未找到控制山羊多胎性状的主效基因。论文就山羊多胎性状候选基因的研究现状进行综述,为其主效基因的筛选及应用提供有益参考。     

山羊槽盘吸虫的研究近况

山羊的槽盘吸虫（Ogmocotylesikae和Ogmocotyleindica）系背孔科（Notocotylidae）列叶属（Ogmocotyle又名槽盘属）。本属共四种虫：（１）１９３３年由Skrjabin和Schulz根据采自前苏联西伯利亚狍体内的新吸虫创立的OgmocotylePvgargi新属新种；（２）同年Yamaguti在日本鹿体内发现一新种，定名为Cymbiformasikae（同种异名Ogmocotylesikae）；（３）Bhaleao１９４２年在印度的牛、绵羊、山羊体内发现一新吸虫，命名为Cymbiformaindica（同种异名Ogmocotyleindica）；（４）１９５４年Price在美国的小猫熊体内发现一新吸虫，定名为Og…     

Management of Goat Reproduction and Insemination for Genetic Improvement in France

Reproductive seasonality observed in all breeds of goats originating from temperate latitudes and in some breeds from subtropical latitudes can now be controlled by artificial changes in photoperiod. Short days stimulate sexual activity, while long days inhibit it. This knowledge has allowed the development of photoperiodic treatments to control sexual activity in goats, for both the buck and doe. In the French intensive milk production system, goat AI plays an important role to control reproduction and, in conjunction with progeny testing, to improve milk production. Most dairy goats are inseminated out of the breeding season with deep frozen semen, after induction of oestrus and ovulation by hormonal treatments. This protocol provides a kidding rate of approximately 65%. New breeding strategies have been developed, based on the buck effect associated with AI, to reduce the use of hormones. With the development of insemination with frozen semen, a classical selection programme was set up, including planned mating, progeny testing and the diffusion of proved sires by inseminations in herds. Functional traits have become important for efficient breeding schemes in the dairy goat industries. Based on knowledge gained over the past decade, the emphasis in selective breeding has been placed on functional traits related to udder morphology and health. New windows have been opened based on new molecular tools, allowing the detection and mapping of genes of economic importance.     

Studies on Reproduction in the Goat: III. The Functional Activity of the Ovaries of the Goat

1. A study of the functional activity in the ovaries was undertaken on 366 organs from pregnant goats and 171 organs from nonpregnant goats. The ovulations were recorded by the presence of corpora lutea in the ovaries.
2. The right ovary appears to be the most active in the goat, since 57 % of the ovulations occurred in the right ovary. In cases of multiple ovulations there appears to be a greater tendency for the first of these ovulations to occur in the right ovary (62.34 %).
3. In almost 50 % of twin pregnancies both ova will be shed from the same ovary.
4. In six cases, five twin pregnancies and one triplet pregnancy, only one, respectively two corpora lutea were found. This can in all probability be taken as an indication of the occurrence of identical twins.
5. The incidence of “ovum loss” or early embryonic mortality was found to be 19.6 %.

     

动物季节性繁殖调控的研究进展

就有关动物季节性繁殖密切相关的促性腺激素释放激素、褪黑素及kisspeptin在动物季节性繁殖调控中的作用进行了探讨。     

miRNA在动物繁殖性能中的研究进展

miRNA是近年来发现的一类长度在18～25 nt的小分子RNA,它们不编码mRNA,但是在基因的转录水平或转录后水平上发挥重要的调控效应,控制着机体生长发育、分化、代谢和疾病等许多生物过程。近年来的研究表明,miRNA在哺乳动物生殖过程中起重要作用,miRNA表达异常与多种生殖道疾病密切相关．引起生殖力下降甚至不育。综述了miRNA的发现、生物合成与作用机制,以及在动物繁殖性能中的研究进展,以期为miRNA深入研究提供参考。