含白叶枯病抗性基因Xa23水稻恢复系的分子标记辅助选育

 通过常规杂交育种技术和分子标记辅助选择技术,对携有白叶枯病抗性基因Xa23的亲本材料CBB23进行回交转育和农艺性状改良。通过分子标记辅助选择检测目的基因,快速获得了12份具有Xa23基因的恢复系稳定材料。采用白叶枯病菌株的专化强毒菌系P6对该12份材料进行室内接种鉴定,筛选出1份高抗白叶枯病的抗性新恢复系材料。应用3个不同的不育系对该恢复系进行测交,结果表明该恢复系具有良好的恢复性及产量潜力。     

利用分子标记辅助选择改良温恢117白叶枯病抗性

以恢复系温恢117为受体,以IRBB21为抗白叶枯病基因Xa21的供体,通过杂交、多次回交和自交,结合分子标记辅助选择技术,将Xa21基因导入温恢117中,结合抗性基因Xa21的分子检测和农艺性状表现,筛选出带有Xa21基因的15个恢复系株系.采用白叶枯病菌株的专化强毒菌系P6进行接种鉴定,各株系的白叶枯病抗性均强于受体亲本温恢117,其中株系M033抗性与IRBB21相当,而农艺性状与温恢117相近.     

分子标记辅助选择抗稻白叶枯病基因在选育水稻广亲和恢复系上的应用

 以IRBB21为Xa21基因供体,广亲和恢复系4183为受体，进行1次杂交并回交3次，逐代用分子标记检测手段，导入广谱抗白叶枯病基因Xa21,在保持广亲和恢复系4183优良经济性状的基础上，增强其抗白叶枯病的能力，育成抗白叶枯病的广亲和恢复系抗4183，其抗性达到了IRBB21的抗性水平，且保持了4183的广亲和性、恢复性及优良的经济性状。并就杂交水稻白叶枯病的抗性改良及育种对策进行了讨论。     

分子标记辅助选择改良Ⅱ-32B白叶枯病抗性

水稻白叶枯病是危害水稻生产的重要病害之一。以含抗水稻白叶枯病Xa23基因的IRBBL23为抗性供体,以感病Ⅱ-32B为轮回亲本,采用与Xa23基因紧密连锁标记CP02662检测后代单株。结果表明：通过田间抗性鉴定和分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,最终获得6个导入Xa23基因白叶枯病抗性单株,病斑长度为0.34~1.34 cm。利用均匀分布水稻染色体上的178对SSR引物,对入选单株的背景恢复率进行分析。结果表明,6个入选单株的背景恢复率为96％~100％,基本恢复为轮回亲本的遗传背景。     

分子标记辅助选择与花药培养相结合快速聚合水稻白叶枯病抗性基因

以受微效多基因控制白叶枯病抗性的五丰占2号和主基因[i]xa5[/i]控制的IRBB5为材料,应用分子标记辅助选择、花药培养和回交技术研究了主基因与微效多基因聚合的途径。经查阅GeneBank中RG556的序列,利用在线引物设计软件Primer 3设计了一条新的R引物：5′CCAGACACCACTGCACATTC3′,克服了原引物Tm值相差太大,扩增效率低的缺点,使PCR扩增效率提高了近10倍。采用病斑长度与五丰占2号相近且携有xa5基因的五丰占2号[sup]2[/sup]/IRBB5 B[sub]1[/sub]F[sub]1[/sub]植株进行花药培养,获得30株二倍体植株,其中16株携有[i]xa5[/i]基因。携有[i]xa5[/i]基因的植株的平均病斑长度仅0.1 cm,对白叶枯病的抗性明显强于双亲。成功地聚合了白叶枯病抗性主基因和微效多基因。从配组到获得主基因和微效多基因聚合材料仅用两年时间,比常规育种方法缩短1~2年。     

抗白叶枯病杂交水稻的分子标记辅助育种

应用分子标记辅助回交,育成了带广谱抗白叶枯病基因[i]Xa-21[/i]的两个杂交水稻恢复系R8006和R1176,所配的杂交水稻组合中优6号、中优1176在中国南方稻区及多个省级区试中表现抗病、优质、高产,具有较广的商业开发潜力。     

利用分子标记辅助育种技术选育高抗白叶枯病恢复系

通过常规回交育种结合分子标记辅助选择技术,已将来自IRBB24的2个抗白叶枯病基因, Xa21和Xa4, 聚合到感病的杂交稻恢复系绵恢７２５中。通过分子标记检测目标基因和亲本遗传背景差异分析快速获得了4个高抗白叶枯病的恢复系姊妹系R207 1、R207 2、R207 3和R207 4。采用与目标抗性基因相应的菲律宾菌系P1、P6 和7个中国病原型代表菌系（CⅠ~CⅦ）对4个姊妹系及其杂交组合进行田间接种。结果表明,这些姊妹系及所配制的杂交组合抗病性强、抗谱广,其中杂交组合G46A/R207 2具有良好的产量潜力,将R207 2定名为蜀恢207。     

水稻白叶枯病抗性基因的发掘及在育种中的应用

白叶枯病是水稻生产中最具危害性的病害之一。控制白叶枯病最有效的方式就是培育抗病品种。一直以来,生产中利用的抗白叶枯病品种其抗性基本上都是由主基因控制,然而由于白叶枯病菌的小种专化性,携有垂直抗性基因,特别是单基因的品种容易丧失抗性,所以只有采取基因轮换、多基因聚合等方式才能有效防止抗白叶枯病品种丧失抗性,而不断进行抗白叶枯病新基因的发掘则是开展相关工作的前提。本文对白叶枯病抗性基因的发掘、定位及分子标记开发的最新进展进行了概述;并介绍了国内外在分子标记辅助选择利用白叶枯病抗性主基因改良水稻抗白叶枯病方面的进展;最后鉴于目前在利用白叶枯病抗性主基因方面存在的问题进行了归纳,并提出了相应对策。     

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻光温敏核不育系华201S的白叶枯病抗性

 以华201S为受体亲本,以含Xa21和Xa7基因的抗白叶枯病材料华恢20为供体亲本,进行1次杂交、3次回交和3次以上自交,每个世代用基因内标记PTA248对Xa21进行分子检测,用连锁标记STSP3（与Xa7的遗传距离为0.9 cM）对Xa7进行检测。新选育的4个株系YR7009(Xa21)、YR7014(Xa21)、YR7016(Xa7)和YR7023(Xa7/Xa21)在生育期、主要农艺性状、育性转换特性方面都与华201S基本相似。YR7009(Xa21)和YR7014(Xa21)对PXO61、PXO99、ZHE173和GD1358等4个菌株具有良好的抗性,而对FuJ和YN24不具有抗性。YR7016(Xa7)和YR7023(Xa7/Xa21)对6个菌株都表现良好的抗性,尤其是聚合双基因的YR7023(Xa7/Xa21)对6个菌株都表现高抗。表明已经将广谱白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21和Xa7渗入到华201S中,成功地改良了华201S的白叶枯病抗性。     

利用分子标记辅助选择技术育成抗白叶枯病杂交稻协优218

利用分子标记辅助选择技术把白叶枯病抗性基因Xα21导人到强优恢复系辐恢838中,选育出抗白叶枯病恢复系中恢218,组配出强优势杂交中晚稻新组合协优218。该组合具有产量较高、抗白叶枯病、易制种等特性,于2002年2月通过江西省品种审定。     

Breeding Rice Restorer Lines with High Resistance to Bacterial Blight by Using Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

Rice bacterial blight, one of the major diseases of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo, jeopardizes rice diversely. It causes leaf wilting, affects photosynthesis and reduces 1000-grain weight and generally results in yield loss by 20-30 pe…     

Marker-Assisted Selection of Xa21 Conferring Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in indica Rice Cultivar LT2

Bacterial leaf blight of rice (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases in Asian rice fields. A high-quality rice variety, LT2, was used as the recipient parent. IRBB21, which carries the Xa21 gene, was used as the donor parent. The resistance gene Xa21 was introduced into LT2 by marker-assisted backcrossing. Three Xoo races were used to inoculate the improved lines following the clipping method. Eleven BC₃F₃ lines carrying Xa21 were obtained based on molecular markers and agronomic performance. The 11 lines were then inoculated with the three Xoo races. All the 11 improved lines showed better resistance to BLB than the recipient parent LT2. Based on the level of resistance to BLB and their agronomic performance, five lines (BC₃F₃ 5.1.5.1, BC₃F₃ 5.1.5.12, BC₃F₃ 8.5.6.44, BC₃F₃ 9.5.4.1 and BC₃F₃ 9.5.4.23) were selected as the most promising for commercial release. These improved lines could contribute to rice production in terms of food security.     

Breeding of R8012,a Rice Restorer Line Resistant to Blast and Bacterial Blight Through Marker-Assisted Selection

Genetic improvement is one of the most effective strategies to prevent rice from blast and bacterial blight(BB) diseases,the two most prevalent diseases jeopardizing rice production.Rice hybrids with dural resistance to blast and BB are needed for sustainable production of food.An incomplete diallele design resulted in 25 crosses between five blast and five BB resistant germplasm accessions.Only one pair of parents,DH146 × TM487,showed polymorphism for all the markers to identify one blast resistance gene Pi25 and three BB resistance genes,Xa21,xa13 and xa5,thus it was used in the marker-assisted selection(MAS).F2 individuals of DH146 × TM487 were genotyped using flanking markers of RM3330 and sequence tagged site(STS) marker SA7 for Pi25.The resistant F2 plants with Pi25 were used for pyramiding BB resistance genes Xa21,xa13 and xa5 identified by the markers pTA248,RM264 and RM153,respectively in subsequent generations.Finally,after selection for agronomic traits and restoration ability among 12 pyramided lines,we acquired an elite restorer line,R8012 including all four target genes(Pi25+Xa21+xa13+xa5).Hybrid Zhong 9A/R8012 derived from the selected line showed stronger resistance to blast and BB,and higher grain yield than the commercial checks uniformally in experimental plots,2007 state-wide yield trial and 2008 nation-wide yield trial.This study provides a paradigmatic example to show that MAS is a practically feasible tool in effectively pyramiding multiple resistance genes.The resultant restoring line and its hybrid would play an important role in securing rice production in China.     

具抗稻瘟病基因Pi25杂交稻恢复系的分子标记辅助选育

 从组合中156/谷梅2号所衍生的重组自交系群体中选择携带抗稻瘟病基因Pi25的3个株系,分别与高产恢复系9308和3 11配组,通过单粒传法获得的6个F6重组自交系群体用于研究。在Pi25先前定位的遗传图谱上,新增加与该基因紧密连锁的分子标记RM3330和A7,并结合RM3330和A7分子标记辅助选择的结果,共筛选到了109个Pi25基因纯合的株系。用现有的与恢复基因连锁的标记对这109个株系进行二次筛选,最终获得20个Pi25基因和恢复基因均纯合的株系。对育性恢复力鉴定试验表明,选育出的抗病恢复系具有较好的恢复能力,并已应用于育种实践;人工稻瘟病接种试验证实,所用标记不同,分子标记辅助选择的效率差异显著,单个标记辅助选择符合率均不高,而采用目标基因两侧连锁的标记同时进行辅助选择,则可以明显提高分子标记辅助选择符合率。     

Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Genes Conferring Resistance Against Bacterial Blight and Blast Diseases into Indian Rice Variety MTU1010

Two major bacterial blight(BB) resistance genes(Xa21 and xa13) and a major gene for blast resistance(Pi54) were introgressed into an Indian rice variety MTU1010 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Improved Samba Mahsuri(possessing Xa21 and xa13) and NLR145(possessing Pi54) were used as donor parents. Marker-assisted backcrossing was continued till BC2 generation wherein PCR based functional markers specific for the resistance genes were used for foreground selection and a set of parental polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for background selection at each stage of backcrossing. Selected BC2F1 plants from both crosses, having the highest recoveries of MTU1010 genome(90% and 92%, respectively), were intercrossed to obtain intercross F1(ICF1) plants, which were then selfed to generate 880 ICF2 plants possessing different combinations of the BB and blast resistance genes. Among the ICF2 plants, seven triple homozygous plants(xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54) with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 82% to 92% were identified. All the seven ICF2 plants showed high resistance against the bacterial blight disease with a lesion lengths of only 0.53–2.28 cm, 1%–5% disease leaf areas and disease scoring values of ‘1' or ‘3'. The seven ICF2 plants were selfed to generate ICF3, which were then screened for blast resistance, and all were observed to be highly resistant to the diseases. Several ICF3 lines possessing high level of resistance against BB and blast, coupled with yield, grain quality and plant type on par with MTU1010 were identified and advanced for further selection and evaluation.     

三系杂交水稻抗稻瘟病、白叶枯病育种研究进展

目前多数三系杂交稻组合抗病性较差,其抗病性受恢复系与不育系的共同影响,提高杂交稻抗性的关键是向三系亲本同步导入抗性基因.目前杂交稻的抗病育种基本立足于常规育种,但常规抗病育种方法存在一定的局限性;分子标记辅助选择在三系亲本抗病单基因导入和多基因聚合育种中均取得较大进展.针对存在的问题提出了抗病育种研究策略.