金丝小枣茎段离体快繁技术的研究

以金线小枣的优良品系Ａ２７为试材，对其茎段组培快繁过程中有关技术进行了研究。结果表明，采接外植体以５月中旬的嫩枝枣头为宜，７天内可生长新芽。继代快繁过程中，附加０．２３ｍｇ．１的ＩＢＡ可促进生根，附加６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ ／ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／ｌ则有利于长芽展叶。     

Variation in two Begonia × hiemalis clones after in vitro propagation

In order to study the variation of Begonia × hiemalis after in vitro propagation, one plant of ‘Aphrodite Pink’ and one of ‘Schwabenland Red’ were vegetatively propagated in four ways. One group of plants was obtained by propagation by means of cuttings. For the second group, the bacterial elimination system, as developed by Hakkaart and Versluijs (1983), was applied which includes an in vitro propagation step. The third and fourth groups were obtained by adding one and two cycles, respectively, of in vitro propagation after the bacterial elimination, so that one, two and three propagation cycles could be compared. One cycle, followed by bacterial elimination, gave nearly uniform offspring. However, when this was followed by one or two cycles of in vitro propagation, the variation increased. Variation also increased when the size of the plantlets obtained in vitro decreased. Thus, an important source of variation can be avoided by eliminating the smallest in vitro plantlets. It is recommended to flower and select the plants before propagation by conventional cuttings, whether or not a further in vitro propagation is applied after the bacterial elimination.     

A scheme for mass propagation of Lilium in vitro

A mass propagation scheme for Lilium plants using a shake culture technique has been developed. According to the scheme, about 1.2 × 10¹⁰ of L. speciosum or 3.2 × 10¹² of L. auratum bulbs can theoretically be obtained in one year from one medium sized bulb. The scheme involves 4 steps: (1) establishment of aseptic production of bulblets; (2) the stimulation of bulb-scale production by high K and their rapid growth in shake cultures; (3) bulblet production; (4) the establishment of bulblets in soil.     

我国藏红花离体快繁技术研究进展

藏红花离体快繁技术是解决我国藏红花资源短缺、繁殖系数低及球茎退化问题的有效途径。研究综述近几年我国藏红花离体快繁技术研究进展,总结并探讨藏红花离体快繁技术研究结果,为建立高效稳定的藏红花离体快繁体系提供参考。     

长白山笃斯越桔优良单株组培快繁技术的研究

以长白山笃斯越桔优良单株的茎尖、茎段为外植体,对其组培快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明:笃斯越桔的幼芽分化适宜的启动培养基为WPM+ZT 2.0mg/L;增殖培养基为改良MS+ZT 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.15mg/L,继代培养30d后的增殖倍数可达5.3倍;适宜的生根培养基为1/4改良MS+IBA 0.5mg/L,培养50d后的生根率可达80%。将笃斯越桔组培苗在纯沙子中练苗20d,将苗移栽至草炭土∶腐殖土为1∶2的基质中,组培苗移栽成活率达78%。     

In vitro propagation of three endangered cactus species

We tested the feasibility of in vitro culture techniques for the propagation of the three endangered cacti species Escobaria minima (Baird) D. Hunt, Mammillaria pectinifera (Ruempler) F.A.C. Weber and Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenberg. Twenty-five MS-based proliferation media were tested in preliminary experiments, with different combinations of the auxin NAA and either of the cytokinins BA, kinetin or TDZ. TDZ induced a good proliferation rate, albeit associated with abundant callus formation and hyperhydricity of axillary shoots. A high multiplication rate combined with good quality proliferated shoots and little or no callus induction was observed on media containing BA for E. minima and M. pectinifera and on a medium containing kinetin for P. aselliformis. These results were also confirmed in subsequent experiments in which different explants (shoot tips, bases and longitudinal sections) were used. Micropropagated plantlets were successfully restored to the field, where they reached the flowering stage. Plantlet regeneration of M. pectinifera and P. aselliformis from callus induced on media containing TDZ, but not 2,4-D, was also achieved.     

花叶姜离体再生体系的建立

以花叶姜茎块为外植体进行离体培养与植株再生研究。结果表明:花叶姜的启动培养基以改良MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L较适宜,继代增殖以改良MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L为宜,增殖系数可达3.8,生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L为适,生根率达96%,试管苗移栽成活率达97%以上。     

In vitro propagation of ‘Troyer’ citrange from epicotyl segments

Isolated epicotyl, root meristem and root segment tissues of ‘Troyer’ citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rat. × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were established in continuous culture to compare their regeneration potential. Callus was obtained from these explants on a Murashige—Skoog (MS) medium containing NAA (10 mg l^?1) and BAP (0.1–10 mg l^?1). Formation of shoots from root segments was direct without callus formation on MS medium containing BAP (10 mg l^?1) and NAA (1 mg l^?1). Shoot formation from epicotyl callus occurred on MS medium containing 0.25 mg l^?1 BAP and 0.1 mg l^?1 NAA. Formation of shoots from epicotyl segments occurred on MS medium containing BAP (0.5 mg l^?1) and NAA (0.1–1.0 mg l^?1), while rooting of regenerated shoots occurred in treatments containing 2.0 mg l^?1 NAA alone. This system provides a rapid method for propagation of ‘Troyer’ citrange.     

鸡冠花的离体快繁及试管开花研究

以鸡冠花种子培育的试管苗带腋芽的茎段为试材,探讨不同外源激素(6-BA、NAA、KT、PP333)对鸡冠花快速繁殖及试管成花的影响。结果表明:MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.05mg/LNAA为最佳的鸡冠花不定芽诱导培养基,MS培养基中添加1.0mg/L KT和0.2mg/L NAA时诱导试管开花的效果最好,基本培养基中(MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)添加0.5mg/LPP333开花情况最好。     

内39号葡萄株系的离体快繁技术研究

利用一个新育鲜食葡萄内39号株系,在原离体快繁技术基础上,改进取材时间和繁殖技术,同时配合试管苗绿枝扦插,经过9个月的繁殖,生产出2.32万株生产用苗。逐月统计了实际生产数,表明葡萄离体快繁技术确实可缩短育种年限,用于育种实践。     

Effects of supplementary light to mother plants on adventitious shoot formation in flower peduncle segments of Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch in vitro

Plants of two Begonia × hiemalis cultivars (‘Schwabenland’ and ‘Nixe’) were grown in a greenhouse and continuously illuminated (24 h a day) from late October to early March, with light from warm white fluorescent lamps (L“WW”), high pressure mercury lamps (HPI/T) or high pressure sodium lamps (SON/T), each at three irradiance levels (5, 10 or 15 W m^?2). The control received light continuously (0.8 W m^?2) from incandescent lamps (INC). Every third week, plant material (flower peduncles) was collected for in vitro culture. The adventitious shoot formation was strongly dependent on cultivar, length of mother plant illumination and light source. The use of L“WW”, HPI/T or SON/T improved the regeneration ability of flower peduncle segments compared to control. Prolonged irradiation lowered the regeneration in ‘Schwabenland’, especially when HPI/T lamps were used.     

In vitro propagation of Pyrus pyrifolia

A micropropagation method for an adult seedling tree of Pyrus pyrifolia Burm. f. is described. Shoot cultures were established and multiplied on media containing benzylamino purine and naphthaleneacetic acid, rooted on media containing naphthaleneacetic acid and phloroglucinol, and transplanted to potting mix. Addition of phloroglucinol to the rooting medium enhanced both the percentage of shoots forming roots and the survival of plantlets after transplantation. However, about 30% of the plants raised in vitro were lost owing to a shoot-collapse which was not prevented by the application of fungicides.Establishment and multiplication of shoot cultures was also achieved with 5 named cultivars of P. pyrifolia, but rooting of the shoots of these cultivars has not been satisfactory.     

铁线蕨孢子离体繁殖技术研究

采用孢子离体培养技术对铁线蕨进行了快繁技术研究。结果表明:把经过消毒灭菌的孢子囊从孢子叶上切下,进行破碎取出孢子后接种到1/2MS培养基上,孢子萌发较快,萌发后的原叶体接种到MS培养基上能得到较大的扩繁速率,叶原体诱导孢子体在试管内诱导难度较大,可采用0.1%KH2PO4诱导剂在试管外诱导,更适合叶原体向孢子体的转化。     

In vitro micrografting of apical and axillary buds of cacao

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro grafting of Theobroma cacao where seedlings of the UF 677 genotype were used as the rootstock and apices or axillary buds of a Trinitarian genotype were used as scion. Three methods of grafting using scions from seedlings were evaluated. Apical grafts using apex and side grafts using apex displayed better graft success (95 and 80%, respectively). However, side grafts using axillary buds reached a greater height on average and a higher number of leaves per plant (1.76 cm and 3.72, respectively). Histological studies revealed new vascular elements at the graft union area. Side grafts with axillary buds provided the highest survival rate (82%) after the acclimatization step. A shoot of at least 1 cm with two leaves is required for plant survival after transfer to ex vitro conditions. Side grafting was carried out with axillary buds from adult trees and nursery plants. Only the grafts with buds from nursery grafted plants were successful, with a rate of 26%. Overall, side grafting with axillary buds is the most appropriate method for cacao micrografting. This method can be used for clonal propagation and for the establishment of in vivo and/or in vitro cacao germplasm collection.     

In vitro propagation of spathiphyllum

An in vitro method for propagation of Spathiphyllum cultivar ‘Clevelandii’ is described as an alternative vegetative-propagation method.Leaves, inflorescences, peduncles, buds and stem pieces were tried as explants. Initiation and development of shoots did not occur when leaves and peduncles were used. In a few cases, it was possible to induce shoots from pieces of inflorescence explants. Buds and especially stem pieces were very suitable as explants, with shoots developing on the basal medium both with or without a cytokinin.Further multiplication of the shoots was optimal on the basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/l PBA. On this medium, the basal part of the old shoots became swollen and callus-like, and new shoots emerged from the callused area.Shoots developed roots very easily on the basal medium without hormone additives.     

In vitro propagation of watermelon

A 3-stage, in vitro propagation system for diploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. and Nakai) has been developed which is also applicable to the economic production of triploid (seedless) watermelon transplants.Stage I involves the stimulation of axillary-bud development from excised seedling shoot tips (1–3 mm) by a high cytokinin (K)/low auxin (IAA) ratio (4.6 μmol/l K 0.28 μmol/l IAA) on a modified Linsmaier and Skoog medium. An average of 4.5 axillary shoots of sufficient size to subculture (> 15 mm) were obtained from each explant in 5 weeks. These shoots were induced to root during 3 weeks subculture on Stage II medium containing 11.5 μmol/l IAA. Well-rooted plantlets were successfully transplanted to a 1 : 1 peat : sand (v/v) substrate and gradually “hardened-off” to greenhouse conditions (Stage III) for 3 weeks, after which they could be transferred to field conditions.Alternatively, axillary shoots from Stage I could be returned to fresh media with 9.3 μmol/l K and 0.28 μmol/l IAA, where an average of 10.3 axillary shoots could be obtained after 5 weeks.Cost estimates for producing 10 000 finished transplants per week project an approximate cost of 16 dollar cents per transplant.     

梨矮化砧木云南榅椁离体快繁研究

以梨矮化砧木云南榅桲的茎段为外植体,进行了离体快繁研究。结果表明:茎芽增殖的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IBA 0.3mg/L或MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L,增殖系数分别为3.65和3.58,并且试管苗长势健壮;云南榅桲不定根诱导的适宜培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.3mg/L,生根苗移栽成活率为92%。     

枇杷野生种的种质资源离体保存初探

以枇杷属(Eriobotrya Lindl)植物的若干个野生种为试材,进行种质资源离体保存方法(花粉超低温保存、种子(成熟胚)常温限制生长法和超低温保存、茎尖培养和叶片培养)的初步研究.主要结果如下:①不同枇杷野生种类间的花粉生活力存在差异;液氮冷冻后花粉生活力与对照相比无明显降低;经干燥的花粉生活力高于未干燥的,含水量低处理的花粉生活力强.②添加或不添加生长调节剂的mMS培养基均较有利野生枇杷种子(胚)的萌发和芽苗生长;不添加生长调节剂的B5培养基有利野生枇杷种子(胚)的胚根萌发,而胚芽和芽苗生长均慢,适合作为限制生长的种质离体保存的培养基.③经过液氮处理的普通枇杷野生种子(成熟胚)均未能成活.④台湾枇杷茎尖培养启动较容易,启动率为72%;怒江枇杷茎尖极易褐变,培养成活率极低;台湾枇杷叶片可在含2,4-D的MS培养基上诱导出米黄色愈伤组织,适宜的2,4-D浓度为0.2 mg·L-1.     

Clonal propagation of mulberry (Morus indica L. cultivar M-5) through in vitro culture of nodal explants

A high frequency of sprouting (80.0%) and shoot differentiation was observed in the primary cultures of nodal explants of Morus indica L. cultivar M-5 on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/l). In vitro proliferated shoots were multiplied rapidly by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) which produced the greatest multiple shoot formation. Multiplication was also achieved by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (4.0 mg/l) and GA₃ (0.05 mg/l) which facilitated the elongation of shoots followed by sprouting of axillary buds of in vitro grown shoots. A high frequency of rooting (86.7%) with development of healthy roots was observed from shoots cultured on medium with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l). Plants with well developed roots were transferred to soil with a survival frequency of 80%.     

In vitro action of ethylmethanesulphonate on banana shoot tips

Shoot tips excised from two banana (Musa acuminata) clones (SH-3362, a diploid AA, and cultivar ‘Grand Nain’ mutant (GN-60Gy/A), a triploid AAA) were treated with various concentrations of the mutagen ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS). The number of newly initiated adventitious buds decreased with increased concentrations of EMS. Presence of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) in combination with EMS affected the growth and development of the shoot tips. Uptake of the labelled mutagen (¹⁴C EMS) was greatly influenced by time of incubation and presence of DMSO as a carrier agent. Microautoradiography of histological sections of shoot tips confirmed the accumulation of the labelled mutagen in the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordia and more extensively in the corm, from which new adventitious buds are initiated.